Đề thi chuyên Tiếng Anh vào Trường THPT Chuyên Lương Thế Vinh, Đồng Nai năm học 2023-2024 có đáp án

B. It's most likely that the earliest uses of pottery were in cooking and food preparation. You can 

certainly see the appeal of being able to keep food free from dirt, as well as being able to transport water more easily and avoid burns. As for metal implements, after improved tools and weapons for hunting, food preparation would have been next to benefit. 

C. That's because a successful hunter would bring home more food than was needed for one person. With no means of preserving or keeping food fresh, the food had to be eaten before it went off, so the logical thing to do was to all eat together. 

D. Things developed more rapidly once homes had a dedicated space for cooking. Stoves and ovens became more sophisticated, cleaner and more easily regulated. Electricity, of course, brought a whole range of extra luxuries, and fridges, freezers and dishwashers all helped to ease the cook's burden. However, kitchens in homes were still small and functional, and were often sited at the back of the house, as if we were just a little bit ashamed of them. 

E. The rise of television and, in particular, cooking programmes, has helped with this. Thanks to the popularity of celebrity chefs, the average household has been motivated to try dishes that were unheard of before. People stopped complaining that their food was boring, and more and more people were tempted to try out their culinary skills. 

F. Where there has been a major change, of course, is in the relocation of the cooking area from the open air, via an outside courtyard, to an indoor space. At first, the house would be a single room, with all the action - sleeping, playing, cooking and eating - taking place around a central fire. 

G. All this inventiveness came about in the absence of cooking utensils. People moved around a lot, and carrying things like pots and pans would have been an issue, even if they had them. Despite people moving to semi-permanent settlements, perhaps for a season at a time, archaeological finds still only. reveal evidence of some kind of fire pit and very little else. 

For questions 63-70, read the passage and do the tasks that follow. 

Parenting and Responsibility 

A. There are still significant gaps between women and men in terms of their involvement in family life, the tasks they perform and the responsibilities they take. Yet, at least in developed Western countries, both women and men express a desire for greater equality in family life. It is evident that in terms of attitudes and beliefs, the problem cannot simply be thought of in terms of women wanting men to share more equally and men being reluctant to do so. The challenge now is to develop policies and practices based on a presumption of shared responsibility between men and women, and a presumption that there are potential benefits for men and women, as well as for families and the community, if there is greater gender equality in the responsibilities and pleasures of family life. These are becoming key concerns for researchers, policy makers, community workers and, more importantly, family members themselves. 

B. Despite the significant increase in the number of women with dependent children who are in the paid workforce, Australian research studies over the last 15 years are consistent in showing that divisions. of labour for family work are very rigid indeed (Watson, 1991). In terms of time, women perform approximately 90% of childcare tasks and 70% of all family work (Russell, 1983). Demo and Acock (1993), in a recent US study, also found that women continue to perform a constant and major proportion of household labour (68% to 95%) across all family types (first marriage, divorced, step- family or never married), regardless of whether they are employed or non-employed in paid work. 

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C. Divisions of labour for family work are particularly problematic in families in which both parents are employed outside the home (dual-worker families). Employed mothers adjust their jobs and personal lives to accommodate family commitments more than employed fathers do. Mothers are less likely to work overtime and are more likely to take time off work to attend to children's needs (Van den Heuvel, 1993). Mothers spend less time on personal leisure activities than their partners, a factor that often leads to resentment (Demo and Acock, 1993). 

D. The parental role is central to the stress-related anxiety reported by employed mothers, and a major contributor to such stress is their taking a greater role in childcare (Van den Heuvel, 1993). Edgar and Glezer (1992) found that close to 90% of both husbands and wives agreed that the man should share equally in childcare, yet 55% of husbands and wives claimed that the men actually did this. (These claims are consistent despite the findings mentioned earlier that point to a much lower participation rate by fathers.) A mother's wanting her partner to do more housework and childcare is a better predictor of poor family adjustment than is actual time spent by fathers in these tasks (Demo and Acock, 1993). It is this desire, together with its lack of fulfillment in most families, that brings about stress in the female parent. 

E. Family therapists and social work researchers are increasingly defining family problems in terms of a lack of involvement and support from fathers and are concerned with difficulties involved in having fathers take responsibility for the solution of family and child behaviour problems (Edgar and Glezer, 1986). Yet, a father accepting responsibility for behaviour problems is linked with positive outcomes. F. Research studies lend strong support to the argument that there are benefits for families considering a change to a fairer or more equitable division of the pleasures and pains of family life. Greater equality. in the performance of family work is associated with lower levels of family stress and higher self- esteem, better health, and higher marital satisfaction for mothers. There is also higher marital satisfaction for fathers, especially when they take more responsibility for the needs of their children fathers are happier when they are more involved (Russell, 1984). 

Questions 63-65: Choose the most suitable heading (i-xi) from the list of headings below for each paragraph (A-C). On your answer sheet, write the appropriate numbers (i-xi). There are more headings than you will need. 

List of Headings 

i. 

The presumptions of policy makers 

vii. 

ii. 

Need for more equitable parenting policies viii. 

iii. 

The impact of dual employment 

ix. 

iv. 

Comparison of employed and non- 

The effect of stress on the female parent Disadvantages of parental equality The experts' view of the male parent's role 

employed mothers 

X. 

V. 

The benefits of balanced responsibility 

xi. 

Commitment of mothers to their paid jobs Origins of anxiety in working mothers 

vi. 

The unchanged role of the female parent 

63. Paragraph A 

64. Paragraph B 

65. Paragraph C 

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Questions 66-69: Match each research finding below with the researcher(s) from the list of researchers. On your answer sheet, write the appropriate letter(s) DA, EG, R, VH, or W. 

Research Findings 

66. 

The number of hours a father spends doing childcare is not the best indicator of how well the family is adjusted. 

List of Researchers 

67. 

The vast majority of fathers do not take part to any great extent in family work. 

DA Demo and Acock EG Edgar and Glezer 

Russell 

68. 

69. 

With regard to the issue of equal responsibility for childcare, there is a discrepancy between the wishes and the claims of parent couples. 

In terms of dealing with family issues, employed fathers make fewer sacrifices in their jobs than do working women. 

Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to the question below. Question 70: What is the writer's main aim in this reading passage? 

A. to argue that a division of labour in parenting is equitable 

R 

VH Van den Heuvel 

Watson 

W