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Use of English - Part 1
Read the texts below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0).
1
The internet bus
In the desert areas that (0) Tucson city, USA, students spend hundreds of hours on yellow buses each year getting to and from their
B
schools. But when mobile internet equipment was (1) ____ on a yellow school bus, the bored, often noisy, teens were (2) ____ into quiet, studious individuals.
District officials got the idea during (3) ____ drives on school business to Phoenix, two hours each way, when they (4) ____ that, when they went in pairs, one person could drive and the other could work using a laptop and a wireless card. They (5) ____ if internet access on a school bus could (6) ____ students' academic productivity, too.
But the idea for what students call 'the internet bus' really (7) ____ shape when the district's chief information officer (8) ____ across an article about having internet access in cars. He thought, 'What if you could put that in a bus?'
The officials have been delighted to see the (9) ____ of homework getting done, morning and evening, as the internet bus (10) ____ up and drops off students along the 10-minute drive. (11) ____ some students spend their time playing games or visiting social networking sites, most students do make (12) ____ of their travel time to study.
0 A edge B surround C turn D enclose
1 A installed B set C included D structured
2 A replaced B exchanged C switched D transformed 3 A extraordinary B occasional C exceptional D few
4 A believed B acknowledged C estimated D realised
5 A thought B imagined C suspected D wondered
6 A increase B enlarge C rise D heighten
7 A formed B took C held D did
8 A got B looked C came D put
9 A total B amount C number D measure
10 A brings B picks C rides D catches
11 A Since B Despite C Although D However
12 A progress B work C use D part
2
For Nigel Portman, a love of travelling began with what’s 0 …….. a ‘gap year’. In common with many other British teenagers, he chose to take a year out before (1) …….. to study for his degree. After doing various jobs to (2) …….. some money, he left home to gain some experience of life in different cultures, visiting America and Asia. The more adventurous the young person, the (3) …….. the challenge they are likely to (4) …….. themselves for the gap year, and for some, like Nigel, it can (5) …….. in a thirst for adventure.
Now that his university course has (6) …….. to an end, Nigel is just about to leave on a three-year trip that will take him (7) …….. around the world. What’s more, he plans to make the whole journey using only means of transport which are (8) …….. by natural energy. In other words, he’ll be (9) …….. mostly on bicycles and his own legs; and when there’s an ocean to cross, he won’t be taking a (10) …….. cut by climbing aboard a plane, he’ll be joining the crew of a sailing ship (11) …….. .
As well as doing some mountain climbing and other outdoor pursuits along the way, Nigel hopes to (12) …….. on to the people he meets the environmental message that lies behind the whole idea.
0 A called B named C referred D known
1 A settling down B getting up C taking over D holding back
2 A achieve B raise C advance D win
3 A stronger B wider C greater D deeper
4 A put B set C aim D place
5 A result B lead C cause D create
6 A come B turned C reached D brought
7 A just B complete C whole D right
8 A pulled B charged C forced D powered
9 A relying B using C attempting D trying
10 A quick B short C brief D swift
11 A anyway B alike C instead D otherwise
12 A leave B keep C pass D give
3
TRAFFIC IN OUR CITIES
The volume of traffic in many cities in the world today continues to expand. This (0) _____ many problems, including serious air pollution, lengthy delays, and the greater risk (1) _____accidents. Clearly, something must be done, but it is often difficult to (2) _____people to change their habits and leave their cars at home.
One possible (3) _____is to make it more expensive for people to use their cars by (4) _____charges for parking and (5)tougher fines for anyone who (6) _____the law. In addition, drivers could be required to pay for using particular routes at different times of the day. This system, (7) _____ as 'road pricing', is already being introduced in a (8) _____of cities, using a special electronic card (9) _____to the windscreen of the car.
Another way of (10) _____with the problem is to provide cheap parking on the (11) _____of the city, and strictly control the number of vehicles allowed into the centre.
Drivers and their passengers then use a special bus service for the (12) _____stage of their journey.
Of course, the most important (13) _____is to provide good public transport. However, to get people to (14) _____the comfort of their cars, public transport must be felt to be reliable, convenient and comfortable, with fares (15) _____at an acceptable level.
0 A causes B results C leads D invents
1 A of B for C about D by
2 A make B arrange C suggest D persuade
3 A approach B manner C custom D style
4 A enlarging B increasing C growing D developing
5 A carrying down B putting off C bringing in D taking away
6A crosses B refuses C breaks D cracks
7A named B seen C called D known
8A quantity B number C total D sum
9 A fixed B joined C built D placed
10 A doing B handling C dealing D solving
11A outskirts B border C outside D limit
12 A late B end C complete D final
13 A thought B thing C work D event
14 A pass on B throw away C give up D leave out
15 A taken B kept C given D stood
4
AUDIOBOOKS - BOOKS ON CASSETTE
In the modern world, there is a wealth of leisure activities to choose (0) _____. Entertainment industries (1) _____for your leisure time. You can watch TV, listen to music, go to an art gallery or concert or, of course, read a book. Sometimes it seems that reading is (2) _____because, (3) _____you're a fast reader, it can take a (4) _____ amount of time to finish a novel, for example. But in the (5) _____world, time is something that can be in short supply.
Book publishers haven't been (6) _____ to realise this and are now selling a product which needn't (7) _____as much of your time but still tells you an excellent story. The new product is the audiobook - cassette recordings of shortened novels, often read by well known personalities or the authors themselves. Audiobooks are (8) _____new but people are becoming more aware of them and sales are increasing (9) _____ .
One of the attractions of audiobooks is that they're (10) _____listening to the radio, only better. You can listen to what you want when you want, and you won't ever (11) _____anything. Much of their appeal (12) _____in their flexibility. They (13) _____you to do other things while you're listening, such as driving or (14) _____the housework. For some people, audiobooks can be a much more enjoyable way of (15) _____knowledge than reading.
0A among B with C from D out
1A chase B compete C oppose D pursue
2A neglected B declined C lessened D disposed
3A in spite B no matter C regardless of D even if
4A plentiful B broad C considerable D lasting
5A current B new C present D modern
6A behind B slow C delayed D overdue
7A take up B fill out C go through D pass by
8A partly B approximately C roughly D relatively
9A ever since then B all the time C up until now D from then or 10A as B same C like D both
11A pass B lack C miss D lose
12A stands B belongs C bases D lies
13A grant B allow C spare D afford
14A doing B running C making D cleaning
15A grasping B catching C gaining D raising
5
THE PATHÈ FILM COMPANY
In 1885, a Frenchman, Charles Pathè, created what later became France's most successful film studios. By 1907, the company had (0) _____ enormously and had studios in France, Britain, Germany, Italy, Spain and the USA. What seems surprising now that Hollywood dominates the film (1) _____ is that a French company (2) _____ itself so well in the USA. Pathè was one of the main film companies there at that (3) _____,
hiring out its studios to other film-making companies (4) _____ distributing its own films.
However, (5) _____ Pathè was big in the USA, it was a giant in Europe. In 1913, the year before the First World War (6) _____, Pathè made no fewer than three hundred films. But the war affected the company (7) _____. Shortages of staff and equipment led to big (8) _____ in production, and by 1918 output had (9) _____ to sixty-three films. From then on, Pathè (10) _____ on making fewer films of (11) _____ length and better quality.
Pathè was the first company to put out regular news films, which it started doing in 1903. Each film lasted fifteen minutes and (12) _____ of six news items. From (13) _____ on, Pathè's news department had branches all over Europe and later all over the world. By the 1970s, TV news had completely (14) _____ the role of cinema news films and so the company stopped making them. Today, Pathè is chiefly (15) _____ in TV, cinema and new video technology.
0 A expanded B swollen C widened D stretched
1A life B world C area D channel
2 A established B set C founded D placed
3 A date B phase C age D time
4 A in addition B together C as well as D also
5 A so B whether C despite D if
6 A burst out B broke out C set off D went off
7 A badly B extremely C largely D highly
8 A chops B slips C cuts D dips
9 A descended B shortened C fallen D subtracted
10 A thought B engaged C occupied D concentrated
11 A further B greater C higher D bigger
12 A consisted B featured C included D composed
13 A soon B firstly C early D initially
14 A brought off B turned into C caught on D taken over
15 A involved B connected C linked D tied
6
MARKETS
In practically any country in the (0) _____, you are (1) _____ to find a market somewhere. Markets have been with us since (2) _____ times, when people became self-sufficient and needed to exchange the goods they produced. For example, a farmer might have exchanged a cow (3) _____ tools and so on. But just as times have (4) _____, so have market practices. So, (5) _____ in early times the main activity (6) _____ with markets would have been 'bartering', meaning the exchange of goods as described (7) _____, today most stall-holders wouldn't be too (8) _____ on accepting potatoes as payment, for instance, instead of cash.
In contrast, what might be a common (9) _____ in a modern market is a certain amount of 'haggling', where customer and seller eventually (10) _____ on a price, after what can sometimes be quite a heated debate. This has become so popular in certain places that many people think that this is what makes the (11) _____ atmosphere of a market. But (12) _____ as no two people are the same, no two markets are the same either, and so behaviour which is expected in one market in one country may not be (13) _____ in another. Even within one country, there are those markets where you could haggle quite (14) _____ and those where you would be (15) _____ not to try!
0 A planet B world C earth D globe
1A safe B confident C definite D sure
2 A ancient B antique C old D past
3A into B by C for D over
4 A changed B turned C developed D differed
5A however B despite C nevertheless D whereas
6 A associated B relating C connecting D attached
7 A over B above C upper D higher
8 A fond B keen C eager D pleased
9 A look B appearance C sight D view
10 A confirm B consent C approve D agree
11A sole B single C only D unique
12 A even B so C just D such
13 A acceptable B convenient C comfortable D receptive
14 A simply B plainly C clearly D easily
15 A informed B advised C noticed D suggested
KEYS:
EX 1: 1 A – 2 D – 3 B – 4 D – 5 D – 6 A – 7 B – 8 C – 9 B – 10 B – 11 C – 12 C
EX 2: 1 A - 2 B – 3 C – 4 B – 5 A - 6 A – 7 D – 8 D – 9 A – 10B – 11 C – 12 C
EX 3: 1A - 2D – 3A - 4B – 5C – 6C – 7D – 8B – 9A - 10C – 11C - 12D – 13B – 14C – 15B
EX 4: 1B – 2A – 3D – 4C – 5D – 6B – 7A – 8D – 9B – 10C – 11C – 12D – 13B – 14A – 15C
EX 5: 1B – 2A – 3D – 4C – 5D – 6B – 7A – 8 C - 9C – 10D – 11B – 12A – 13C – 14D – 15A
EX 6: 1D – 2A – 3C – 4A – 5D – 6A – 7B – 8B – 9C – 10D – 11D – 12C – 13A – 14D – 15B
