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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO HẢI PHÒNG
ĐỀ CHÍNH THỨC
(Đề thi gồm 02 phần:
tự luận và trắc nghiệm)
HSG 2022 - 06
CHỌN HỌC SINH GIỎI THÀNH PHỐ LỚP 12 BẢNG B NĂM HỌC 2022 - 2023
ĐỀ THI MÔN: TIẾNG ANH
Thời gian làm bài: 180 phút (không kể thời gian giao đề)
Chú ý: Thí sinh làm bài vào phiếu trả lời tương ứng với mỗi phần tự luận và trắc nghiệm. Thí sinh không được sử dụng tài liệu, bao gồm cả từ điển.
PHẦN TỰ LUẬN (Thí sinh làm bài trên Phiếu trả lời tự luận.)
PART A: LISTENING
I. You will hear two urban planning students called Carla and Rob discussing their presentation on cities built by the sea. For questions 1-5, choose the best answer (A, B or C). You will listen TWICE.
Write your answers on your answer sheet. (5 pts)
CITIES BUILT BY THE SEA
1. Carla and Rob were surprised to learn that coastal cities _____.
A. contain nearly half the world‟s population
B. include most of the world‟s largest cities
C. are growing twice as fast as other cities
2. According to Rob, building coastal cities near to rivers _____.
A. may bring pollution to the cities
B. may reduce the land available for agriculture
C. may mean the countryside is spoiled by industry
3. What mistake was made when building water drainage channels in Miami in the 1950s?
A. There were not enough for them.
B. They were made of unsuitable materials.
C. They did not allow for the effects of climate change.
4. What do Rob and Carla think that the authorities in Miami should do immediately?
A. Take measures to restore ecosystems
B. Pay for a new flood prevention system
C. Stop disposing of waste materials into the ocean
5. What do they agree should be the priority for international action?
A. Greater coordination of activities
B. More sharing of information
C. Agreement on shared policies
DAPAN
1pt for each correct answer
1. B
2. A
3. C
4. B
5. A
TRANSCRIPT:
CARLA: OK Rob. I‟m glad we chose quite a specific topic – cities built next to the sea. It made it much easier to find relevant information.
ROB: Yeah. And cities are growing so quickly – I mean, we know that more than half the world‟s population lives in cities now.
CARLA: Yeah, though that‟s all cities, not just ones on the coast. But (Q1) most of the biggest cities are actually built by the sea. I‟d not realised that before.
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ROB: Nor me. And what‟s more, a lot of them are built at places where rivers come out into the sea. But apparently this can be a problem.
CARLA: Why?
ROB: Well, as the city expands, agriculture and industry tend to spread further inland along the rivers, and so agriculture moves even further inland up the river. That‟s not necessarily a problem, except (Q2) it means more and more pollutants are discharged into the rivers.
CARLA: So these are brought downstream to the cities?
ROB: Right. Hmm. Did you read that article about Miami, on the east coast of the USA? CARLA: No.
ROB: Well, apparently back in the 1950s they build channels to drain away the water in case of flooding. CARLA: Sounds sensible.
ROB: Yeah, they spent quite a lot of money on them. (Q3) But what they didn’t take into account was global warming. So they built the drainage channels too close to sea level, and now sea levels are rising, they‟re more or less useless. If there‟s a lot of rain, the water can‟t run away, there‟s nowhere for it to go. The whole design was faulty. CARLA: So what are the authorities doing about it now?
ROB: I don‟t know. I did read that they‟re aiming to stop disposing of waste into the ocean over the next ten years. CARLA: But that won‟t help with flood prevention now, will it?
ROB: No. Really (Q4) they just need to find the money for something to replace the drainage channels, in order to protect against flooding now. But in the long term they need to consider the whole ecosystem. CARLA: Right. Really, though, coastal cities can‟t deal with their problems on their own, can they? I mean, they‟ve got to start acting together at an international level instead of just doing their own thing.
ROB: Absolutely. The thing is, everyone knows what the problems are and environmentalists have a pretty good idea of what we should be doing about them, so (Q5) they should be able to work together to some extent. But it‟s going to be a long time before countries come to a decision on what principles they‟re prepared to abide by.
CARLA: Yes, if they ever do.
You will hear part of a lecture for business students about business values.
For questions 1-10, complete each of the following sentences with ONE word.
You will listen TWICE.
Write your answers on your answer sheet. (10 pts)
THE EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE ON BIRDS
Mercury (Hg)
• Highly toxic
• Released into the atmosphere from coal
• Ingested by fish
• Affecting birds which eat fish and (1) ………………..
Research on effects of mercury or binds
• Claire Varian-Ramos is doing some research on
- the effects on the (2) ………………… of the birds or mental processes, e.g. memory
- the effects on bird (3) ……………………. (usually learned from a bird‟s father)
• Findings:
- songs learned by birds exposed to mercury aren‟t as (4) …………………… as those produced by other birds - male birds exposed to mercury are less (5) …………….. to female birds, which can affect their chances of reproduction. • Lab-based studies:
- the experimenter has a much higher level of (6) …………………
Implications for humans
• Migrating birds such as (7) ……………………. containing mercury may be eaten by humans.
• Mercury causes developmental delays in the acquisition of (8) …………………….
• Mercury in a mother‟s body from (9) ………………… may affect the unborn child.
• There are new (10) ……………………. for mercury emissions from power plants.
DAPAN
1pt for each correct answer
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1. Insects
2. Behabiour/ behavior
3. Song
4. Complex
5. attractive
6. Control
7. Ducks
8. Language
9. Food
10. Regulations
TRANSCRIPT:
OK, so we‟ve been looking at how man-made changes in our environment can affect wildlife. Now I‟ll discuss a particular example. Let‟s take a look at mercury. Mercury‟s one of the 120 or so elements that make up all matter, and it has the symbol Hg. It‟s a shiny, silvery substance. You may have seen it in old-fashioned thermometers, but it‟s not used much for domestic purposes now because it‟s highly toxic.
But the problem is that the amount of mercury in the environment‟s increasing. The main reason for this is the power plants used to produce electricity. The main source of energy that most of them use is still coal, and when it‟s burned it releases mercury into the atmosphere. Some of this gets deposited into lakes and rivers, and if it‟s ingested by a fish it‟s not excreted, it stays in the fish‟s body and it enters the food chain. So it‟s been known for some time that birds which eat fish may be affected, but what wasn‟t known until quite recently is that those that eat insects can also be affected. (Q1) So a woman called Claire Varian-Ramos is doing some research on how this is affecting birds.
And rather than looking at how many birds are actually killed by mercury poisoning, she‟s looking for more subtle sub-effects. And these may be to do with the behaviour of the birds, (Q2). or with the effect of mercury on the way their brain works, so whether it leads to problems with memory, for example. And she’s particularly focusing on the effects of mercury on bird song (Q3). Now, the process of song learning happens at a particular stage in the birds‟ development, and what you may not
know is that a young bird seems to acquire this skill by listening to the songs produced by its father, rather than by any other bird.
And Varian-Ramos has already found in her research that if young male birds are exposed to mercury, if they eat food contaminated with mercury, then the songs they produce aren’t as complex as those produced by other birds (Q4). So quite low-level exposure to mercury is likely to have an impact on male birds in a natural situation, because it can mean that they’re less attractive to female birds, (Q5) and so it can affect their chances of reproduction.
Now the way she‟s carrying out this research is worth thinking about. She‟s using a mixture of studies using birds kept in laboratories, and studies carried out outdoors in the wild. The lab-based studies have the advantage that you don‟t get all the variables you would in a natural setting, so the experimenter has a much higher level of control (Q6), and that means they can be more confident about their results in some ways. And of course they don‟t have to worry about going out and finding the birds in order to observe them.
So what are the implications here for humans? Well, because many birds are migratory, they may be transporting mercury far from contaminated sites. For example, it‟s been found that ducks who’d been feeding at a contaminated site were later shot by hunters over a thousand kilometres away, and presumably eaten (Q7). But these birds likely had mercury levels high enough to warrant concern for human consumption.
In addition, going back to song learning by birds, we saw that this may be affected by mercury contamination. Well, we also know that in humans, mercury causes developmental delays in the acquisition of language (Q8), and in fact this process is very similar in the brain regions it involves and even the genes that are involved. But mercury contamination has other important implication for humans as well. It’s now known that an unborn child can be affected if the food eaten by its mother contains high levels of mercury (Q9), and these effects can be quite substantial.
In the end, it comes down to whether more value is placed on human economic wellbeing or environmental wellbeing. It’s true there are new regulations for mercury emissions from power plants, (Q10). but these will need billions of dollars to implement, and increase costs for everyone Some argue that‟s too much to pay to protect wildlife. But as we‟ve seen, the issues go beyond that, and I think it‟s an issue we need to consider very carefully.
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PART B: GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
I. Give the correct form of the word in brackets to complete each of the following sentences. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (5 pts)
1. I'm not sure that sending young …………… to prison is such a good idea. OFFEND
2. There's absolutely no solid …………… that he was anywhere near the scene of the crime
PROVE
3. I'm not saying another word until I've spoken to my …………… LAW 4. You shouldn't make ………………like that without evidence. ACCUSE 5. When she left the police force, she worked as a private …………… for a while. INVESTIGATE
6. „I hope that your …………… has shown you the error of your ways,' said the prison governor.
PRISON
7. He was initially sent to a maximum …………… prison. SECURE 8. Lying and stealing are both forms of ……………. HONEST 9. Police are looking carefully at the forensic ……………. EVIDENT 10. There's no doubt this painting is a ……………. FORGE
DAPAN
0,5 point for each correct answer
1. offenders
2. proof
3. lawyer
4. accusations
5. investigator
6. imprisonment
7. security
8. dishonesty
9. evidence
10. forgery
II. Fill each blank with a suitable phrasal verb in the correct form or tense to complete each of the following sentences. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (10 pts)
go around take after go off come up with do without
find out drop in on grow out cut down on hold up
1. We ……………….. tea and drank coffee instead.
2. Any time you're in the area, feel free to ……………….. us.
3. Tom: “Does Kenny ……………….. his father or mother?”
Jane: “Well, he looks just like his father, but has his mother nature”.
4. You should ……………… smoking if you can't stop completely.
5. The bomb …………….. with a loud bang which could be heard all over the town.
6. After browsing the internet for some time, we finally ……………. where he lived.
7. The traffic on the motorway was …………….. by construction work.
8. Simon ……………… a story about catching an enormous fish, and almost everyone
believed him
9. The children have to stay on the merry-go-round until it stops ……………..
10. I bought Suzy some new shoes a few months ago but she‟s already ………….. of them
DAPAN
1pt for each correct answer
1. did without
2. drop in on
3. take after
4. cut down on
5. went off
6. found out
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7. held up
8. came up with
9. going around
10. grown out
III. The following passage contains 10 mistakes. Identify the mistakes and write the corrections in the corresponding numbered boxes on your answer sheet. (10 pts)
Sport at school
I used to wear glasses when I was at school, and so I find sport very difficult. I wanted to be involved of school sports competitions, and I loved the idea of teams competing to each other, but being on the rugby team, for example, involving having to take off my glasses, and that meant so I couldn't see!
And it's difficult that catch a ball when you can't see it! So, I wasn't very good and the captains always make sure that I wasn't on their team. This meant I am free to do other activities, like being on the debating team, and actually I preferred to have things I was good at doing them than have everyone laugh at me.
DAPAN
Sport at school
I used to wear glasses when I was at school, and so I find sport very difficult. I wanted to be involved of school sports competitions, and I loved the idea of teams competing to each other, but being on the rugby team, for example, involving having to take off my glasses, and that meant so I couldn't see!
And it's difficult that catch a ball when you can't see it! So, I wasn't very good and the captains always make sure that I wasn't on their team. This meant I am free to do other activities, like being on the debating team, and actually I preferred to have things I was good at doing them than have everyone laugh at me.
Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10
Line 1 Line 2 Line 3 Line 4 Line 5 Line 6 Line 7 Line 8 Line 9 Line 10
Questions
Lines
Mistakes
Corrections
1.
1
find
found
2.
2
of
in
3.
3
to
Against/ with
4.
4
involving
Involved/ meant
5.
5
so
that
6.
6
that
to
7.
7
make
made
8.
8
am
was
9.
9
have
do
10.
10
them
rather
PART C: READING
Fill in each blank in the following passage with ONE suitable word. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (5 pts) The Rise of Electronic Media
As printed media begin to lose their dominance (1) ………………. a way to convey information to the world, electronic media have stepped up and (2) ……………….their place. Many people no longer read newspapers or magazines in their (3) ………………… paper forms, but they still do read. The physical delivery system is what has happened; many people are
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reading newspapers or magazines off of their smartphones, tablets, or on their computer screens. The (4) ……………. of the newspapers and magazines strive to be the same, but the new way it is presented has some drawbacks as well as benefits. One of the biggest drawbacks about electronic newspapers and magazines is that they are often read (5) ……………………. a subscription. As electronic media are delivered instantly over the Internet, the only way (6) …………….. money can be made is through advertisements, as most people don't want to (7) ……………… for electronic subscriptions. This has left many of the news outlets on the Internet scrambling to find sources of revenue.
Probably the greatest criticism of online newspapers and magazines is that there often isn't very much (8) ……………….. in the stories as they come out. Rather than serious investigative journalism, the main point of many online publications is merely to attract page views so that the (9) ……………………. on those pages must pay a small fee. In the (10) ……………….. of information, finding the information worth learning becomes the hardest task of all.
DAPAN
0.5pt for each correct answer
1. as 2. taken 3. traditional 4. contents 5. without
6. that 7. pay 8. invested 9. advertisers 10. age
PART D: WRITING
I. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means the same as the original one(s). Write your answers on your answer sheet. (10 pts)
1. If the work is finished by lunchtime, you can go home.
🡪Get ……………………………………………………………………………….
2. You haven‟t done your work, have you?
🡪It’s about …………………………………………………………………………
3. The fourth time he asked her to marry him, she accepted.
🡪Only on his ………………………………………………………………………
4. He said that he had won as a result of good luck.
🡪He attributed …………………………………………………………………….
5. That reminds me of the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji.
🡪That takes me ……………………………………………………………………
6. People rumour that he is rich but stingy.
🡪What …………………………………………………………………………..…
7. Such a ridiculous proposal isn‟t worth serious consideration.
🡪There is ……………………………………………………………………….….
8. Just thinking about his face at that moment makes me laugh.
🡪The very ………………………………………………………………………….
9.We cannot see animals in a vast area after the forest fire.
🡪There is an ………………………………………………………………………
10.The staff hated Frank‟s new policies so intensely that they went on strike.
🡪So intense ………………………………………………………………………..
DAPAN
1pt for each correct answer
1. Get the work finished by lunchtime and you can go home.
2. It‟s about time you did your homework.
3. Only on his fourth proposal did she accept to marry him.
4. He attributed his win/ victory/ success/ achievement/ triumph to good luck.
5. That takes me back to the time I climbed to the top of Mount Fuji.
6. What people rumour is that he is rich but stingy.
7. There is no point in considering such a ridiculous proposal seriously.
8. The very thought of his face at that moment makes me laugh.
9.There is an absence of animals in a vast area after the forest fire.
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10. So intense was the hatred for Frank’s new policies that the staff went on strike.
II. Rewrite each of the following sentences using the capitalized word given in brackets in such a way that it means the same as the original one. Do NOT change the word given. Write your answers on your answer sheet. (5 pts) 1. I don't mind whether we have the meeting today or tomorrow. (difference)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………………
2. I don‟t think this record will ever be popular. (catch)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………………
3. His arrival was completely unexpected. (took)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………………
4. The success of our local theater has made our city famous. (map)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………………
5. He is certainly not a reliable witness. (means)
🡪…………………………………………………………………………………
DAPAN
1pt for each correct answer
1. It makes no difference to me whether we have the meeting today or tomorrow.
2. I don‟t think this record will ever catch on.
3. His arrival took us (completely) by surprise.
4. The success of our local theater has put our city on the map.
5. He is by no means a reliable witness.
III. Essay writing:
Some high schools require all students to wear school uniforms. Other high schools permit students to decide what to wear to school. Which of these two school policies do you think is better?
In about 150-200 words, write an essay to express your opinion, using specific reasons and examples to support your opinion. (10pts)
DAPAN
Mô tả tiêu chí đánh giá
1.
Bố cục (2pts)
∙ Câu đề dẫn phải thể hiện được rõ ý kiến của người viết
∙ Bố cục hợp lí, rõ ràng phù hợp với yêu cầu của đề bài và đầy đủ 3 phần: mở bài, thân bài, kết luận. ∙ Bố cục uyển chuyển từ mở bài đến kết luận
2.
Phát triển ý (3pts)
∙ Phát triển ý có trình tự logic và mạch lạc
∙ Có giải thích, dẫn chứng, ví dụ xác thực đủ để bảo vệ ý kiến của người viết
3.
Sử dụng ngôn ngữ (2pts)
∙ Sử dụng ngôn từ phù hợp với nội dung của bài viết
∙ Sử dụng ngôn từ đúng văn phong/ thể loại, đa dạng về từ vựng và cấu trúc.
∙ Sử dụng từ nối các ý cho bài viết uyển chuyển
4.
Nội dung (2pts)
∙ Độ dài: Số từ không nhiều hơn hoặc ít hơn so với quy định 10%
∙ Đủ thuyết phục người đọc
∙ Đủ dẫn chứng, ví dụ, lập luận
5.
Ngữ pháp, dấu câu và chính tả (1pt)
∙ Sử dụng đúng dấu câu, chính tả
∙ Sử dụng đúng thời, thể, cấu trúc câu đúng ngữ pháp.
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PHẦN TRẮC NGHIỆM (Thí sinh VIẾT đáp án trên Phiếu trả lời trắc nghiệm.)
PART E: PHONOLOGY
I. Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the other three in each of the following questions. Write your answers (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet. (2.5 pts)
1. A. adopt B. involve C. stroll D. follow
2. A. exist B. mind C. inspire D. provide
3. A. refusal B. music C. student D. studying
4. A. lecturer B. medium C. inventor D. president
5. A. subtlety B. indebted C. bombard D. combing
DAPAN
1. C 2. A 3. D 4. B 5. C
II. Choose the word whose main stress position is different from that of the other three in each of the following questions. Write your answers (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet. (2.5 pts)
1. A. actor B. commit C. fashion D. motion
2. A. education B. industrial C. intelligent D. traditional
3. A. industry B. refugee C. magazine D. Japanese
4. A. freedom B. contact C. furnish D. disturb
5. A. independence B. impractical C. education D. entertainment DAPAN
1B
2A
3A
4D
5B
PART F: GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARY
Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each of the following sentences.
Write your answers (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet. (5 pts)
1. Esme: "Do you have a minute?" - Kailyn: " …………….."
A. Well, that makes sense B. Yes, but please be brief
C. That's just great. Thanks D. Sorry, I left my watch home
2. I wish you ……… me a new one instead of having it………..as you did.
A. would give / to repair B. gave / to repair
C. had given / to be repaired D. had given / repaired
3. ……….the invention of the steam engine, most forms of transport were horse-drawn.
A. With reference B. Akin C. Prior to D. In addition to
4. An artist ……...will do his best to express innocence and inexperience in the child‟s face.
A. portraying a child B. who portray a child
C. he portrays a child D. portrayed a child
5. Even though they don‟t agree with what is happening, they are too…………..to protest.
A. outgoing B. subdued C. quiet D. apathetic
6. Not only ................... to speak to him, but she also vowed never to see him again.
A. she refused B. did she refuseC. she did refuseD. when she refused
7. Charles had very little interest in the museum, he gave each exhibit no more than a(an) .................. glance. A. cursory B. temporary C. transient D. ephemeral
8. She had made a firm decision and wasn‟t ................... by anything said against it.
A. detracted B. prevailed C. induced D. swayed
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9. The two groups of bullies fought ................. before the police came last night.
A. head over heals B. tooth and nail C. heart and soulD. foot and mouth
10.I don't like turning down work, but I'll have to, I'm afraid. I've got far too much ............. at the moment. A. up my sleeve B. on my plate C. on my mind D. in effect
DAPAN
0.5pt for each correct answer
1. B. Yes, but please be brief
2. D. had given / repaired
3. C. Prior to
4. A. portraying a child
5. D. apathetic
6. B. did she refuse
7. A. cursory
8. B. prevailed
9. B. tooth and nail
10. B. on my plate
PART G: READING
I. Read the following passage and choose the correct option to fill in each of the blanks from 21 to 30. Write your answers (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet. (5 pts)
Sound Advice for Language Learners
A recent issue of a language learning magazine has consulted a number of experts in the (1) …………. of second language acquisition. Their advice may prove invaluable for those (2)………….. a language course. One suggestion is that you (3)…………… whether you are likely to be successful at learning a language. Did you enjoy studying languages at school, for example? Do you have enough time to learn a language? The major (4)………….. will be your own time and effort. If proof of your level of proficiency is important you must make sure that the course on offer leads to a (5)………….qualification. Also, be realistic in your (6)………... If you don't set achievable aims you are more likely to give up. Do not be deceived (7)………… thinking that the most expensive courses are the best. (8)……….. around to get the best possible value for money. You should also bear in mind that the quicker you learn a language the more quickly you forget it. Sandra Miller, a French teacher, tried to teach herself German by enrolling on a (9)……………course. Already fluent in four languages and with a sound knowledge of teaching methodology her chances of making progress were high. Three years on she remembers very little. She feels her biggest mistake was not to follow (10) …………. her first experience. "I should have consolidated what I'd learn by continuing to study, even if it were by myself."
1. A. domain B. branch C. field D. area
2. A. wondering B. thinking C. looking D. considering
3. A. assess B. review C. balance D. survey
4. A. chance B. cost C. price D. evaluation
5. A. recognized B. understood C. valued D. regarded
6. A. sights B. ends C. objects D. goals
7. A. by B. about C. into D. in
8. A. Nose B. Push C. Run D. Shop
9. A. rapid B. crash C. quick D. fast
10. A. up B. on C. through D. out
DAPAN
1. C 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. A 6. D 7. C 8. D 9. B 10. A
II. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions from 31 to 35. Write your answers (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet. (5 pts)
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The world needs to do more to prepare for the impact of a rapidly ageing population, the UN has warned - particularly in developing countries. Within 10 years the number of people aged over 60 will pass one billion, a report by the UN Population Fund said. The demographic shift will present huge challenges to countries‟ welfare, pension and healthcare systems. The UN agency also said more had to be done to tackle "abuse, neglect and violence against older persons".
The number of older people worldwide is growing faster than any other age group. The report, Ageing in the let Century: A Celebration and a Challenge, estimates that one in nine people around the world are older than 60. The elderly population is expected to swell by 200 million in the next decade to surpass one billion, and reach two billion by 2050. This rising proportion of older people is a consequence of success - improved nutrition, sanitation, healthcare, education and economic well-being are contributing factors, the report says.
But the UN and a charity that also contributed to the report, Help Age International, say the ageing population is being widely mismanaged. "In many developing countries with large populations of young people, the challenge is that governments have not put policies and practices in place to support their current older populations or made enough preparations for 2050," the agencies said in a joint statement.
1. Which of the following could be the main topic of the passage?
A. The influence of the rise in aged population.
B. The quick increase of the elderly people.
C. The countries with high percentage of the aged.
D. The challenges caused by the ageing population.
2. The word "abuse" in the first paragraph could be best replaced by ________.
A. care B. protection C. insult D. praise
3. The number of the elderly rises because of the following reasons, EXCEPT ________.
A. sanitation B. medical care C. economic well-being D. finance 4. Which of the following is TRUE about the older people?
A. Of all age groups, the elderly have the fastest growth.
B. More aged people will reduce the pressure on countries' welfare, pension and healthcare systems. C. There will be 200 million older people in 2050.
D. The ageing population is managed properly.
5. The word “their” in the last paragraph refers to ________.
A. policies B. governments C. practices D. older populations
DAPAN
1.A 2.C 3.D 4.A 5.B
GIẢI CHI TIẾT
1: đáp án A
Chủ đề POPULATION
Câu nào trong các câu sau có thể là chủ đề chính của đoạn văn?
A. Sự ảnh hưởng của sự gia tăng dân số giả.
B. Sự tăng lên nhanh chóng của số người già.
C. Các đất nước có tỉ lệ người già cao.
D. Các thách thức gây ra bởi sự già hóa dân số.
Căn cứ vào thông tin đoạn 1:
“The world needs to do more to prepare for the impact of a rapidly ageing population, the UN has warned - particularly in developing countries."
(Liên hiệp quốc đã cảnh báo thế giới cần chuẩn bị sẵn sàng hơn để đối phó với tác động của sự già hóa dân số quá nhanh, đặc biệt ở các nước đang phát triển).
2: đáp án C
Từ "abuse" trong đoạn 1 có thể được thay thế tốt nhất bởi từ _______.
A. quan tâm B. bảo vệ C. sỉ nhục, lạm dụng D. tán dương Từ đồng nghĩa: abuse (lạm dụng, sỉ nhục) = insult
"The UN agency also said more had to be done to tackle ”abuse, neglect and Violence against older persons". (Liên hiệp quốc cũng cảnh báo cần làm nhiều việc hơn để chống lại sự sỉ nhục, thờ ơ và bạo lực với người già). 3: đáp án D
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Số người già đang tăng lên bởi vì các nguyên nhân sau, ngoại trừ _______.
A. hệ thống vệ sinh B. chăm sóc y tế
C. phuc lợi xã hội D. tài chính
Từ khóa: The number of the elderly rises/ reasons/ except
Căn cứ thông tin đoạn 2:
“This rising proportion of older people is a consequence of success - improved nutrition, sanitation, healthcare, education and economic well- being are contributing factors, the report says.” (Báo cáo cho biết tỉ lệ ngườigià tăng lên là kết quả của sự thành công được đóng góp từ cải thiện dinh dưỡng, hệ thống vệ sinh, y tế giáo dục và phúc lợi xã hội). 4. đáp án A
Câu nào sau đây là đúng về người già?
A. Trong tất cả các nhóm tuổi, người già có tốc độ tăng trưởng nhanh nhất.
B. Nhiều người già hơn sẽ làm giảm áp lực lên phúc lợi xã hội, lương hưu và hệ thống y tế.
C. Sẽ có khoảng 200 triệu người già vào năm 2050.
D. Sự già hóa dân số đang được quản lý hợp lý.
Từ khóa: true / older people
Căn cứ các thông tin sau:
- "The number of older people worldwide is growing faster than any other age group.” (Số lượng người già trên khắp thế giới tăng nhanh hơn bất kì nhóm tuổi nào).
- "The demographic shift will present huge challenges to countries' welfare, pension and healthcare systems." (Sự thay đổi về nhân khẩu sẽ đặt thêm thách thức lên phúc lợi xã hội, lương hưu và hệ thống y tế của các nước). - “The elderly population is expected to swell by 200 million in the next decade to surpass one billion, and reach two billion by 2050.” (Dân số già được cho là sẽ tăng thêm 200 triệu người trong 2 thập kỉ tới để vượt qua cột mốc 1 tỉ, và sẽ chạm mốc 2 tỉ vào năm 2050).
- “But the UN and a charity that also contributed to the report, Help Age International, say the ageing population is being widely mismanaged."
(Nhưng Liên hiệp quốc và 1 tổ chức từ thiện khác Help Age International tham gia trong bản báo cáo cho rằng dân số già đang bị quản lí rất kém).
5. đáp án A
Từ “their” trong đoạn cuối đề cập đến ________.
A. chính sách B. chính phủ C. thực tiễn D. dân số già Căn cứ thông tin đoạn cuối:
“In many developing countries with large populations of young people, the challenge is that governments have not put policies and practices in place to support their current older populations or made enough preparations for 2050," the agencies said in a joint statement.”
(Trong một tuyên bố chung, các bên liên quan cho biết, ở nhiều nước đang phát triển có số lượng dân số trẻ động, thách thức là các chính phủ không áp dụng các chính sách và thực tiễn nhằm hỗ trợ số người già của họ hay không chuẩn bị sẵn sàng mọi thứ cho năm 2050).
III. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions from 36 to 45. Write your answers (A, B, C or D) on your answer sheet. (10 pts)
You can usually tell when your friends are happy or angry by the looks on their faces or by their actions. This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them. Emotions have evolved to help us respond to important situations and to convey our intentions to others. But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar ? Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions.
According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area, people speak and understand substantially the same “facial language”. Studies by Ekman‟s group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example, signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places as Argentina, Japan, Spain, Hungary, Poland, Sumatra, the United States, Vietnam, the jungles of New Guinea, and the Eskimo villages north of Artic Circle. Ekman and his colleagues claim that people everywhere can recognize at least seven basic emotions: sadness, fear, anger, disgust, contempt, happiness, and surprise. There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays – the so called display responses – expecially negative ones – while many American children are encouraged to express their feelings
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more openly. Regardless of culture, however, emotions usually show themselves, to some degree, in people‟s behavior. From their first days in life, babies produce facial expressions that communicate their feelings.
The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people‟s faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions. Moreover, as Chales Dawin pointed out over a century ago, some emotional expressions seem to appear across species boundaries. Cross-cultural psychologists tell us that certain emotional responses carry different meanings in diferrent cultures. For example, what emotion do you suppose might be conveyed while sticking out your tounge ? For American, this might indicate disgust, while in China it can signify surprise. Likewise, a grin on an American face may indicate joy, while on a Japanese face it may just as easily mean embarrassment. Clearly, culture influences emotional expressions.
1. According to the passage, we respond to others by ____________________.
A. observing their looks B. watching their actions
C. observing their emotional expressions D. looking at their faces
2. Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether ______________________________ . A. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar
B. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth
C. different cultures have similar emotional expressions
D. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar
3. The word "evolved" paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________________________ .
A. reduced B. increased C. simplified D. developed
4. Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of ________________________ .
A. lacked many main ingredients
B. researchers on universal language
C. researchers who can speak and understand many languages
D. investigators on universal emotional expressions
5. Smiles and frowns _______________________ .
A. are universal expressions across cultures
B. are not popular everywhere
C. do not convey the same emotions in various cultures
D. have different meanings in different cultures
6. The biggest difference lies in ______________________.
A. how long negative emotions are displayed
B. how intensive emotions are expressed
C. how emotional responses are controlled
D. how often positive emotions are shown
7. Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to________________________ .
A. control their emotions B. conceal their positive emotions
C. display their emotions openly D. change their behaviour
8. Young children___________________ .
A. spend a long time learning to read others' emotions
B. are sensitive towards others'emotions
C. make amazing progress in controlling their emotions
D. take time to control their facial expressions
9. The phrase "this evidence" in paragraph 3 refers to ____________________ .
A. a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions
B. human facial expressions
C. the fact that children are good at recognizing others'emotions
D. the fact that children can control their feelings
10. The best title for the passage is_______________________.
A. cultural universals in emotional expressions
B. review of research on emotional expressions
C. ways to control emotional expressions
D. human habit of displaying emotions
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DAPAN
1. C
2. C
3. D
4. D
5. A
6. B
7. A
8. B
9. C
10. A
GIẢI CHI TIẾT
1: According to the passage, we respond to others by ____________________.
A. observing their looks B. watching their actions
C. observing their emotional expressions D. looking at their faces
Dịch nghĩa: Theo như bài văn, chúng ta trả lời người khác bằng __________.
A quan sát ngoại hình của họ B. theo dõi hành động của họ
C. quan sát biểu hiện cảm xúc của họ D. nhìn vào mặt họ
Giải thích: "This is useful because reading their emotional expressions helps you to know how to respond to them" (Cách này rất hữu hiệu vì đọc những biểu hiện cảm xúc của họ giúp bạn biết phải trả lời như thế nào với họ) 2: Many studies on emotional expressions try to answer the question whether ______________________________ . A. eyebrow raising means the same in Minneapolis and Madagascar
B. raising the eyebrows has similar meaning to rounding the mouth
C. different cultures have similar emotional expressions
D. rounding the mouth has the same meaning in Minneapolis and Madagascar
Dịch nghĩa: Rất nhiều nghiên cứu về những biểu hiện cảm xúc để cố gắng trả lời cho câu hỏi có phải A. lông mày đang nhướn lên có nghĩa giống nhau ở Minneapolis và Madagascar
B. nhướn lông mày có nghĩa giống với xoay miệng
C. những nền văn hóa khác nhau đều có những biểu hiện cảm xúc giống nhau
D. tròn miệng có nghĩa giống nhau ở Minneapolis và Madagascar
Giải thích: "But does raising the eyebrows and rounding the mouth say the same thing in Minneapolis as it does in Madagascar?"(Nhưng liệu nhướn lông mày và xoay tròn miệng đều bộc lộ những điều giống nhau ở Minneapolis như ở Madagascar?) tác giả đưa ra câu hỏi này nhằm mục đích nghi vấn rằng liệu những nền văn hóa khác nhau như Minneapolis và Madagascar có chung ý nghĩa của những biểu hiện cảm xúc không?
3: The word "evolved" paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to _________________________ .
A. reduced B. increased C. simplified D. developed
Dịch nghĩa: Từ "evolved" ở đoạn 1 có nghĩa gần nhất với ________ .
A. giảm đi B. tăng lên C. đơn giản hóa D. phát triển
Giải thích: evolve (v) tiến hóa, phát triển = develope (v)
4: Paul Ekman is mentioned in the passage as an example of ________________________ .
A. lacked many main ingredients
B. researchers on universal language
C. researchers who can speak and understand many languages
D. investigators on universal emotional expressions
Dịch nghĩa: Paul Ekman được đề cập trong bài văn như là ví dụ của ___________ .
A. thiếu những thành phần chính
B. những nhà nghiên cứu ngôn ngữ quốc tế
C. những nhà nghiên cứu có thể nói và hiểu nhiều ngôn ngữ
D. nhà điều tra nghiên cứu những biểu hiện cảm xúc chung trên thế giới
Giải thích: Much research on emotional expressions has centered on such questions. According to Paul Ekman, the leading researcher in this area,... (Rất nhiều nghiên cứu về biểu hiện cảm xúc tập chung vào những câu hỏi này. Theo Paul Ekman, nhà nghiên cứu hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực này,...)
5: Smiles and frowns _______________________ .
A. are universal expressions across cultures
B. are not popular everywhere
C. do not convey the same emotions in various cultures
D. have different meanings in different cultures
Dịch nghĩa: Những nụ cười và chau mày_____________.
A. là những biểu hiện chung qua các nền văn hóa
B. không truyền tải những cảm xúc giống nhau trong các nền văn hóa
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C. không phổ biến ở mọi nơi
D. có ý nghĩa khác nhau ở những nền văn hóa khác nhau
Giải thích: "Studies by Ekman's group have demonstrated that humans share a set of universal emotional expressions that testify to the common biological heritage of the human species. Smiles, for example signal happiness and frowns indicate sadness on the faces of people in such far-flung places..." (Những nghiên cứu của nhóm Ekman đã chứng minh rằng con người chung nhau một chuỗi những biểu hiện cảm xúc phổ biến mà được cho là di sản sinh học của loài người. Ví dụ như những nụ cười là biểu hiện của sự vui vẻ và chau mày biểu hiện sự buồn bã trên gương mặt của mọi người ở cả nhưng tất cả mọi nơi...)
6: The biggest difference lies in______________________.
A. how long negative emotions are displayed
B. how intensive emotions are expressed
C. how emotional responses are controlled
D. how often positive emotions are shown
Dịch nghĩa: Sự khác nhau lớn nhất nằm ở _________ .
A. những cảm xúc tiêu cực được biểu hiện bao lâu
B. những mức độ cảm xúc được biểu hiện như thế nào
C. những sự phản ứng cảm xúc được kiềm chế như thế nào
D. những cảm xúc tích cực được biểu hiện có thường xuyên ko
Giải thích: "There are, however, huge differences across cultures in both the context and intensity of emotional displays - the so-called display rules" (Tuy nhiên chúng vẫn khác nhau trong một vài nền văn hóa ở trong cả hoàn cảnh và mức độ biểu hiện- hay còn gọi là là quy tắc biểu hiện)
7: Unlike American children, Asian children are encouraged to _______________________ .
A. control their emotions B. conceal their positive emotions
C. display their emotions openly D. change their behaviour
Dịch nghĩa: Không giống như trẻ em Mĩ, trẻ em người châu Á được khuyến khích_____________ . A. kiềm chế cảm xúc của chúng B. che giấu những cảm xúc tích cực
C. biểu hiện cảm xúc một cách cởi mở D. thay đổi thái độ
Giải thích: "In many Asian cultures, for example, children are taught to control emotional responses - especially negative ones" (ở các nước châu Á, ví dụ trẻ em được dạy là phải biết kiềm chế cảm xúc đặc biệt là những cảm xúc tiêu cực) 8: Young children __________________ .
A. spend a long time learning to read others' emotions
B. are sensitive towards others' emotions
C. make amazing progress in controlling their emotions
D. take time to control their facial expressions
Dịch nghĩa: Những đứa trẻ_________ .
A. dành thời gian dài học để đọc cảm xúc của người khác
B. rất nhạy cảm với cảm xúc của người khác
C. tiến bộ lớn trong việc kiềm chế cảm xúc
D. mất thời gian để điều khiển biểu hiện khuôn mặt
Giải thích: "Very young children pay close attentiogn to facial expressions and by age five, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's faces" (Những đứa trẻ đã chú ý nhiều đến biểu hiện khuôn mặt, khi tên 5 tuổi chúng có kĩ năng đọc cảm xúc trên mặt mọi người như người lớn)
9: The phrase "this evidence" in paragraph 3 refers to ____________________ .
A. a biological underpinning for humans to express emotions
B. human facial expressions
C. the fact that children are good at recognizing others'emotions
D. the fact that children can control their feelings
Dịch nghĩa: Cụm "this evidence" ở đoạn 3 liên quan đến_____________.
A. Một đặc điểm sinh học để con người mô tả cảm xúc
B. Những biểu biện trên khuôn mặt con người
C. Thực tế là trẻ em rất giỏi nhận ra cảm xúc của người khác
D. Thực tế là trẻ em có thể kiểm soát cảm xúc của chúng
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Giải thích: Dựa vào câu trước đó: "The ability to read facial expressions develops early, too. Very young children pay close attention to facial expressions, and by age fie, they nearly equal adults in their skill at reading emotions on people's faces. This evidence all points to a biological underpinning for our abilities to express and interpret a basic set of human emotions." - "Khả năng đọc biểu hiện khuôn mặt cũng được phát triển sớm. Những đứa trẻ đã chú ý nhiều đến biểu hiện khuôn mặt, khi tên 5 tuổi chúng có kĩ năng đọc cảm xúc trên mặt mọi người như người lớn. Bằng chứng này chỉ ra bản năng sinh học của con người cho khả năng bộc lộ và dịch được những cảm xúc cơ bản của con người." → Chọn C: ở tuổi thứ 5 đã có thể đọc được cảm xúc trên khuôn mặt người khác như người trưởng thành
10: The best title for the passage is_______________________.
A. cultural universals in emotional expressions
B. review of research on emotional expressions
C. ways to control emotional expressions
D. human habit of displaying emotions
Dịch nghĩa: Nhan đề phù hợp nhất cho bài văn __________ .
A. Những điểm chung phổ biến giữa các nền văn hóa trong những biểu hiện cảm xúc
B. Tóm tắt lại nghiên cứu về bộc lộ cảm xúc
C. Các cách để điều khiển sự bộc lộ cảm xúc
D. Thói quen của con người khi bày tỏ cảm xúc
Giải thích: cả bài văn nói về những cách thể hiện cảm xúc chung trên tất cả các nền văn hóa
DỊCH BÀI
Bạn thường đoán khi nào bạn của bạn đang vui hay tức giận bằng những biểu hiện trên khuôn mặt của họ hoặc bằng hành động của họ. Cách này rất hữu hiệu vì đọc những biểu hiện cảm xúc của họ giúp bạn biết phải phản ứng như thế nào với họ. Biểu hiện cảm xúc được phát triển để giúp chúng ta phản ứng với các tình huống quan trọng và để truyền tải những ý định của chúng ta đến người khác. Nhưng liệu có phải nhướn lông mày và tròn môi đều bộc lộ những điều giống nhau ở Minneapolis và Madagascar? Rất nhiều nghiên cứu về biểu hiện cảm xúc tập chung vào những câu hỏi này.
Theo Paul Ekman, nhà nghiên cứu hàng đầu trong lĩnh vực này cho rằng: mọi người đều nói và hiểu ngôn ngữ gương mặt giống nhau. Những nghiên cứu của nhóm Ekman đã chứng minh rằng con người chung nhau một chuỗi những biểu hiện cảm xúc phổ biến, được cho là di sản sinh học của loài người. Ví dụ như những nụ cười là biểu hiện của sự vui vẻ và chau mày biểu hiện của sự buồn bã trên gương mặt của mọi người ở tất cả mọi nơi như Argentina, Nhật Bản, Tây Ban Nha, Hungary, Ba Lan, Sumatra, Mĩ, Việt Nam, những cánh rừng ở New Ghi- nê, hay những làng Eskimo ở Bắc Cực. Ekman và những cộng sự của ông ấy đã tuyên bố rằng con người ở mọi nơi có thể nhận ra ít nhất 7 cảm xúc cơ bản: buồn, lo sợ, tức giận, kinh tởm (ghê sợ), chán ghét, vui vẻ, và ngạc nhiên. Tuy nhiên chúng vẫn khác nhau trong một vài nền văn hóa ở trong cả hoàn cảnh và mức độ biểu hiện - hay còn được gọi là quy tắc biểu hiện, ở các nước châu Á, ví dụ trẻ em được dạy là phải biết kiềm chế cảm xúc, đặc biệt là những cảm xúc tiêu cực trong khi trẻ em ở Mĩ được khuyến khích biểu hiện suy nghĩ, tâm trạng một cách cởi mở. Dù ở nền văn hóa nào thì những cảm xúc vẫn thường tự được bộc lộ ở một mức độ nào đó qua cách cư xử của mọi người. Từ những ngày đầu tiên của cuộc đời những đứa trẻ đã có những biểu hiện khuôn mặt bộc lộ tâm trạng của chúng.
Khả năng đọc biểu hiện khuôn mặt cũng được phát triển sớm. Những đứa trẻ đã chú ý nhiều đến biểu hiện khuôn mặt, khi lên 5 tuổi chúng có kĩ năng đọc cảm xúc trên mặt mọi người như người lớn. Bằng chứng chỉ ra bản năng sinh học cho phép con người bộc lộ và dịch được những cảm xúc cơ bản của mọi người. Hơn thế nữa, như Charles Darwin tìm ra cách đây hơn một thế kỉ, một vài biểu hiện cảm xúc dường như xuất hiện xuyên qua ranh giới giữa các loài. Những nhà tâm lí học từ nhiều nền văn hóa đã nói rằng những phản ứng cảm xúc chắc chắn mang những ý nghĩa khác nhau trong những nền văn hóa khác nhau. Ví dụ, cảm xúc gì mà bạn biểu hiện khi tặc lưỡi? Đối với người Mĩ đó chỉ sự coi thường, chán ghét trong khi ở Trung Quốc nó lại chỉ sự ngạc nhiên. Giống như vậy cười nhe răng trên gương mặt của người Mĩ chỉ sự vui vẻ trong khi đối với người Nhật Bản nó lại chỉ sự bối rối. Rõ ràng là văn hóa ảnh hưởng đến những biểu hiện cảm xúc.
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(Thí sinh không sử dụng tài liệu, cán bộ coi thi không giải thích gì thêm)
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