Kỳ thi Olympic truyền thống 30 tháng 4 Lần Thứ XXIV Năm 2018 Môn Tiếng Anh 11 – Đề thi và đáp án chính thức

D. Some musically talented children live in an environment surrounded by music, while others have little exposure to music. 63. The author makes the point that musical elements such as pitch and rhythm ' A. distinguish music from other art forms B. vary in emphasis in different cultures c. make music difficult to learn D. express different human emotions 64. The word "predisposed" in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______ . A. inclined B. gifted c. pushed D. amused 65. According the passage, when does musical talent usually begin to appear? A. When infants start to babble and produce sound patterns B. Between the ages of two and four months c. When children learn to sing at two or three years old D. Between ten years old and adolescence 250 66. According the passage, which o f the following suggests that musical talent is the separate form o f intelligence? A. Exceptional musical ability in an otherwise average child B. Recognition of the emotional power o f music c. The ability of all babies to acquire core elements o f music D. Differences between learning music and learning language 67. Why does the author discuss Mozart in paragraph 6? A. To compare past and present views o f musical talent B. To give an example of a well - known musical prodigy c. To describe the development of individual musical skill D. To list musical accomplishments of the eighteenth century 68. All of the following are given as examples of exceptional musical talent EXCEPT A. a remarkable "ear" or perfect memory for music B. ability to compose major works at a young age c. appreciation for a wide variety o f musical styles - D. playing a single song in the style of various composers 69. The word "haven" in paragraph 7 is closest meaning t o ______ . A. beautiful art B. safe place c. personal goal D. simple problem 70. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage about exceptional musical ability? A. It occurs more frequently in some cultures than in others. B. It is evidence of a superior level of intelligence in other areas, c. It has been documented and studied but is little understood. D. It is the result o f natural talent and a supportive environment. PASSAGE B THE BALANCE IN THE OCEANS The oceans' predators come in all shapes and sizes. For example, one of the less infamous ones is the colorful starfish, which feeds on plant life, coral, or other shellfish such as mussels for sustenance. A more bloodcurdling example, especially to human beings and most other species of fish, is the shark, though most scientists agree that only ten per cent o f the 450 plus species of sharks have been documented as actually attacking a human. Still, there is another predator lurking invisibly in the bodies of water of the world, one which poses one o f the greatest threats to all species o f ocean life - bacteria. Though many types o f fish are continually stalking and evading one another for survival, they all band together in an attempt to keep bacteria levels at bay in order to allow, their own existence to continue. Bacteria play a dual role in the ecosystems of the oceans. On the one hand, ■ they are beneficial as they stimulate plant life through food decomposition, which releases the necessary chemicals for the growth of plant life. This is called 251 nutrient recycling and helps keep the oceans alive. But, on the other hand, bacteria are a major predator for all fish because the y'attack fragile, weaker individuals. If they are allowed to run rampant and not kept in check, they could virtually suffocate the oceans. Ill water, bacteria prove to be an even greater threat than on land because, as they proliferate, they reduce the oxygen levels necessary for organisms in the oceans to live. Further, when fish populations become depleted due to factors like overfishing, microbes such as algae expand and threaten the fragile ecosystems of the ocean. Therefore, ocean predators play a critical role by thwarting bacteria growth and maintaining the oceans' equilibrium by reducing vulnerable links in the food chain. In many ways, the balance within the oceans’ ecosystems mirrors the human body. That is, all of their components must work in harmony for them to stay healthy, efficient, and alive. If one of them is missing or deficient, an entire system can be placed in jeopardy. In both the human body and the ocean, bacteria play a vital role because, at manageable levels, they aid in protecting and cleaning each system of foreign agents that can be of harm. On the other hand, if bacteria levels increase and become out of control, they can take hold o f a system, overrun it, and become debilitating. Therefore, both oceans and the human body have a kind of custodian that maintains bacteria levels. In the human body, it is called a phagocyte. Phagocytes eat up sick, old, or dying cells, which are more prone to bacterial invasion, and thus keep the body healthy. Like in the human body, bacteria can prove fatal to the living organisms in the ocean. Like phagocytes in the human body ocean .predators work as antibacterial custodians of the seas. In essence, they are the immune system and a vital link in the food chain because they remove small, injured, or sickly fish from the ocean environment before bacteria can become too. comfortable and multiply. By ridding the ocean of weaker fish, predators allow the stronger ones to multiply, making their species stronger and more resilient. Without their services and with their declining numbers, bacteria will blossom to levels that will eventually overpower and kill even the strongest species off ish because of the depletion of their number one source of life, all important oxygen. - While the greatest battle in the ocean may seem on the surface to be the survival of the fittest fish, a closer look reveals something completely different: fish versus microorganisms. Clearly, most living organisms in the oceans are hunters by nature, but this way o f life does not merely provide a food source for a dominant species, It also maintains a healthy level of bacteria in an ocean's ecosystem, thus ensuring the continuation of all species of life within. Major predators are necessary, like the antibacterial cells of the human body, to keep this delicate balance in synch. If their numbers continue to decline and humans ignore their vital role in the ocean, dire consequences will definitely result. 71. The word “lurking ” in the passage is closest in meaning to ■ A. attacking B. increasing c. waiting D. approaching 252 72. According to paragraph 1, which of the following is true of ocean predators? A. The shark is the deadliest one for all other kinds of life in the oceans. B. One o f the most threatening to all fish populations is bacteria. c. Starfish do little damage to the population of mussels and shellfish.