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SỞ GIÁO DỤC VÀ ĐÀO TẠO ĐỀ THI CHỌN ĐỘI TUYỂN HỌC SINH GIỎI QUỐC GIA NĂM HỌC 2020 – 2021
MÔN: TIẾNG ANH (VÒNG 2)
Thời gian: 180 phút, (không kể thời gian phát đề)
(Đề thi gồm có 12 trang, thí sinh làm bài trực tiếp vào đề)
I. LISTENING (2.0 points)
Part 1. For questions 1-5, listen to a complaint from a woman called Julie Gold and decide whether these statements are True (T) or False (F).
Part 2: You will hear a wildlife photographer called Leanna Marson talking about her work. Answer the following questions using NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer. 6. Leanna describes the emotion she experiences when she takes a good wildlife photograph as _magical________. She feels that photography is not simply about technical elements. 7. Leanna says her work involves predicting an animal's ____movements________________ . 8. She considers it a(n) _______privilege______________ to be able to take pictures of wildlife. She says that she needed to be very trusting on one particular occasion.
9. On a recent trip, Leanna was away for _____7 months_____________ .
10. She feels that travelling has become ______second nature_______________ to her.
Part 3. You will hear a recorded talk giving introduction to the historical theme park – Manham River Port in England. Listen and answer the following questions.
11. Why did a port originally develop at Manham?
…………because it was convenient for river transport…………………………
12. What caused Manham's sudden expansion during the Industrial Revolution?
…………the increase in demand for metals…………………………………….
13. Why did rocks have to be sent away from Manham to be processed?
……………becauce of the shortage of fuel……………………………………
14. What happened when the port declined in the twentieth century?
…………the worker went away…………………………………………………
15. What did the Manham Trust hope to do?
…………to rebuild the port complex……………………………………………
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Part 4: You will hear a psychologist being interviewed about friendship, choose the answer A, B, C or D which fits best according to what you hear .
16. From three to five years old, children ___________________
A. are happy to play alone. B. prefer to be with their family.
C. have rather selfish relationships. D. have little idea of ownership.
17. From age five to eight or ten, children ___________________
A. change their friends more often. B. decide who they want to be friends with. C. admire people who don’t keep to rules. D. learn to be tolerant of their friends.
18. According to Sarah Browne, adolescent ___________________
A. may be closer to their friends than to their parents.
B. develop an interest in friends of the opposite sex.
C. choose friends with similar personalities to themselves.
D. want friends who are dependable.
19. Young married people ___________________
A. tend to focus on their children. B. often lose touch with their friends. C. make close friends less easily. D. need fewer friends than single people.
20. In middle or old age people generally prefer ___________________
A. to say in touch with old friends. B. to see younger friends more often. C. to have friends who live nearby. D. to spend more time with their friends.
II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR (1 point)
Part 1. For questions 21-28, choose the correct answer A, B, C, or D to each of the following questions. 21. ______, we missed our plane.
A. The train is late B. The train was late
C. To be late D. The train being late
22. I really cannot believe that anyone would ______ to such underhand tactics.
A. dabble B. stoop C. reach D. conceive
23. Dominant individuals may use ______ gestures to underline their power.
A. submissive B. expansive C. flirtatious D. nervous
24. Andrew’s ______ was to only tell his mother bad news when she was busy so that she would have less chance to react.
A. tactics B. intent C. ploy D. threat
25. A sharp frost ______ the beginning of winter.
A. advertised B. predicted C. heralded D. showed
26. The old man led a ______ existence after she left and refused even to see his children. A. reclusive B. deserted C. remote D. vacant
27. We may win, we may lose – it’s just the luck of the _______.
A. chance B. draw C. odds D. fate
28. They’re having serious problems. Their relationship is on the _______.
A. cliffs B. rocks C. stones D. grass
Part 2: Complete the text by writing the correct form of the word in capitals.
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Part 3: Choose the word(s) that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s): 33. Though Anna and Tommy had never met before the party, they felt strong affinity to each other. A. interest B. attraction C. enthusiasm D. move
34. The one thing you mustn't do is be late because the boss is very hot on punctuality. A. worried about B. good about C. funny about D. strict about
35. At every faculty meeting, Ms. Young always manages to put foot in her mouth. A. trip over her big feet B. move rapidly C. say the wrong thing D. fall asleep
36. We spent our honeymoon in a remote location with incredible views. We searched high and low for genuine handicrafts to bring back as souvenirs.
A. somewhere B. whereby C. everywhere D. nowhere
Part 4: Choose the word(s) that is OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s): 37. We run a very tight ship here, and we expect all our employees to be at their desks by 8 o’clock and take good care of their own business.
A. manage an inflexible system B. have a good voyage
C. run faster than others D. organize things inefficiently
38. Sorry, I can’t come to your party. I am snowed under with work at the moment. A. busy with B. free from C. relaxed about D. interested in
39. Wendy is on the horns of a dilemma: she just wonders whether to go for a picnic with her friends or to stay at home with her family.
A. unwilling to make a decision B. able to make a choice
C. eager to make a plan D. unready to make up her mind
40. Aren't you putting the cart before the horse by deciding what to wear for the wedding before you've even been invited to it?
A. doing things in the wrong order B. do things in the right order
C. knowing the ropes D. upsetting the apple cart
III. READING (2,5 points)
Part 1: For questions 41–50, read the following passages and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
PLANETARY ARTISTRY
For me, the highlight of this past week's science news was the images (41) ........ back from the Curiosity rover, providing (42) ........ geologic evidence that water flowed on Mars. Of course, this wasn't exactly a surprise; for decades, planetary scientists have suggested the channel networks visible in spacecraft imagery couldn't have been (43) ........ by anything else. The evidence has been (44) ........ as well, as various clay minerals and iron oxides have been identified through hyper spectral imagery.
Nonetheless, I suspect that the image of definitely water-lain (45) ........ made the heart of more than one geologist (46) ........ a beat. Ground truth. You could argue that the scientific exploration of the extra terrestrial is, at least (47) ........ part, a search for meaning: to position us within a larger cosmology. But our fascination with, and connection to, (48) ........ we see in the night sky comes not just through science, but also through art. So it should come as no surprise that scientific images of planetary surfaces have (49) ........ inspiration to a range of artists from Galileo - whose first sketches of the moon through a
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telescope are (50) ........ beautiful - to Barbara Hepworth - whose interpretations of the lunar surface are far less literal.
41. A. thrown B. shot C. beamed D. fired 42. A. final B. conclusive C. proved D. guaranteed 43. A. made B. took C. invented D. discovered 44. A. swelling B. expanding C. increasing D. mounting 45. A. sediments B. dross C. grounds D. matter 46. A. slip B. lose C. skip D. jump 47. A. with B. in C. at D. for
48. A. things B. what C. that D. which 49. A. offered B. provided C. given D. made 50. A. totally B. doubtlessly C. surely D. truly
Part 2: For questions 51–60, fill each blank with ONE suitable word.
HYPERINFLATION
Inflation may be defined as either a rise in the general level of prices of goods and services in an economy over a period of time, or a fall in the value of money over time. 'Hyperinflation' refers to extremely rapid or (51) ……out……….. of control inflation. Perhaps the most famous example of hyperinflation in recent history is that which took (52) ……place……….. in Germany after World War I. Between 1922 and 1923, prices in Germany increased (53) ……by……….. a factor of 20 billion. Inflation was so out of control that prices rose not just by the day, but by the hour and even minute. A loaf of bread cost just 463 marks in Germany in March 1923, but by November that (54) ……same……….. year cost over 200,000,000,000 marks.
The effect on society was devastating. Because wages received in the morning would (55) … be…….. worthless by the afternoon, people spent their money as quickly as possible, buying any physical goods they could get their hands (56) ……on……….. (whether they needed it or not) in a desperate attempt to get rid of currency units (57) ……before ……….. they lost value. This only had the effect of stoking the fires of inflation further. Savings were wiped out overnight. People lived in constant fear. Bartering and crime became the order (58) …of………….. the day. Interestingly, hyperinflation is not a rare event. Since Weimar Germany, there have been 29 additional hyperinflations around the world, including those in Austria, Argentina, Greece and Brazil, to (59) ……name.……….. but a few. On average, that's one every three years (60) ……or…….. so.
Part 3. The passage below consists of five paragraphs marked A, B, C, D and E. For questions 61-70, read the passage and choose from the paragraph A-E. The paragraphs may be chosen more than once
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The Last Lingua Franca by Nicholas Ostler
Deborah Cameron predicts an uncertain future for English
A. The Emperor Charles V is supposed to have remarked in the 16th century that he spoke Latin with God, Italian with musicians, Spanish with his troops, German with lackeys, French with ladies and English with his horse. In most books about English, the joke would be turned on Charles, used to preface the observation that the language he dismissed as uncultivated is now a colossus bestriding the world. Nicholas Ostler, however, quotes it to make the point that no language's triumph is permanent and unassailable. Like empires (and often with them), languages rise and fall, and English, Ostler contends, will be no exception.
B. English is the first truly global lingua franca, if by 'global' we mean 'used on every inhabited continent’. But in the smaller and less densely interconnected world of the past, many other languages had similar functions and enjoyed comparable prestige, is Modern lingua francas include French, German, Latin, Portuguese, Russian and Spanish. Yet these once-mighty languages are now largely confined to those territories where their modern forms are spoken natively. Though at the height of their power some acquired - and have kept - large numbers of native speakers outside their original homelands (as with Spanish and Portuguese in South America), few retain their old status.
C. To understand why the mighty fall, Ostler suggests we must look to the factors that enabled them to rise: most commonly these are conquest, commerce and conversion. Conquered or subordinated peoples learn (or are obliged to learn) the languages of their overlords; traders acquire the languages that give them access to markets; converts adopt the languages of their new religion. But these ways of recruiting speakers are not conducive to permanent attachment. The learned language is not valued for its own sake, but only for the benefits that are seen to flow from it, and only for as long as those benefits outweigh the costs. When new conquerors arrive, their subjects switch to new lingua francas. Old empires break up and their lingua francas are abandoned, while the spread of a new religion may advance a language or conversely weaken it. And always there is the resentment generated by dependence on a language which has to be learned, and therefore favours elites over those without access to schooling. Prestigious lingua francas are socially divisive, and therefore unstable.
D. English in the global age is often portrayed as an exceptional case. Writers who take this view point out that English differs from previous lingua francas in two important ways; first, it has no serious competition, and second, although it was originally spread by conquest, commerce and missionaries, its influence no longer depends on coercion. Because of this, the argument runs, it will not suffer the fate of its predecessors. But Ostler thinks this argument underplays both the social costs of maintaining a lingua franca (it is not true that English is universally loved) and the deep, enduring loyalty people have to their native so tongues. For millennia we have been willing to compromise our linguistic loyalties in exchange for various rewards; but if the rewards could be had without the compromise, we would gladly lay our burden down. Ostler believes that we will soon be able to do that. English, he 65 suggests, will be the last lingua franca. As Anglo-American hegemony withers, the influence of English will decline; but what succeeds it will not be any other single language. Rather we will see a technologically-enabled return to a state of Babel. Thanks to advances in computer translation, 'everyone will speak and write in whatever language they choose, and the world will understand'.
E. Here it might be objected that Ostler's argument depends on an unrealistic techno-optimism, and puts too much emphasis on the supposed primeval bond between speakers and their mother tongues, which some would say is largely an invention of 19th-century European nationalism. But even if he is wrong to predict the return of Babel, I do not think he is wrong to argue that English's position as the premier medium of global exchange will not be maintained for ever. In the future, as in the past, linguistic landscapes can be expected to change in line with so political and economic realities. The Last Lingua Franca is not the easiest of reads: Ostler does not have the popularizer's gift for uncluttered storytelling, and is apt to pile up details without much regard for what the non-specialist either needs to know or is capable of retaining. What he does offer, however, is a much- 85 needed challenge to conventional wisdom: informative, thought- provoking and refreshingly free from anglocentric cliches.
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Part 4. The following reading passage has six paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below.
71. Paragraph A ..........iv............ 72. Paragraph B ........ii.............. 73. Paragraph C ..........vii............ 74. Paragraph D ........i.............. 75. Paragraph E ..........v............
The Hollywood Film Industry
A This chapter examines the ‘Golden Age’ of the Hollywood film studio system and explores how a particular kind of filmmaking developed during this period in US film history. It also focuses on the two key elements which influenced the emergence of the classic Hollywood studio system: the advent of sound and the business ideal of vertical integration. In addition to its historical interest, inspecting the growth of the studio system may offer clues regarding the kinds of struggles that accompany the growth of any new medium. It might, in fact, be intriguing to examine which changes occurred during the growth of the Hollywood studio, and compare those changes to contemporary struggles in which production companies are trying to define and control emerging industries, such as online film and interactive television.
B The shift of the industry away from ‘silent’ films began during the late 1920s. Warner Bros.’ 1927 film The Jazz Singer was the first to feature synchronized speech, and with it came a period of turmoil for the industry. Studios now had proof that ‘talkie’ films would make them money, but the financial investment this kind of filmmaking would require, from new camera equipment to new projection facilities, made the studios hesitant to invest at first. In the end, the power of cinematic sound to both move audiences and enhance the story persuaded studios that talkies were worth investing in. Overall, the use of sound in film was well-received by audiences, but there were still many technical factors to consider. Although full integration of sound into movies was complete by 1930, it would take somewhat longer for them to regain their stylistic elegance and dexterity. The camera now had to be encased in a big, clumsy, unmoveable soundproof box. In addition, actors struggled, having to direct their speech to awkwardly hidden microphones in huge plants, telephones or even costumes.
C Vertical integration is the other key component in the rise of the Hollywood studio system. The major studios realized they could increase their profits by handling each stage of a film's life: production (making the film), distribution (getting the film out to people) and exhibition (owning the theaters in major cities where films were shown first). Five studios, 'The Big Five', worked to achieve vertical integration through the late 1940s, owning vast real estate on which to construct elaborate sets. In addition, these studios set the exact terms of films’ release dates and patterns. Warner Bros., Paramount, 20th Century Fox, MGM and RKO formed this exclusive club. ‘The Little Three’ studios - Universal, Columbia and United Artists - also made pictures, but each lacked one of the crucial elements of vertical integration. Together these eight companies operated as a mature oligopoly, essentially running the entire market.
D During the Golden Age, the studios were remarkably consistent and stable enterprises, due in large part to long-term management heads - the infamous ‘movie moguls’ who ruled their kingdoms with iron fists. At MGM, Warner Bros. and Columbia, the same men ran their studios for decades. The rise of the studio system also hinges on the treatment of stars, who were constructed and exploited to suit a studio’s image and schedule. Actors were bound up in seven-year contracts to a single studio, and the studio boss
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generally held all the options. Stars could be loaned out to other production companies at any time. Studio bosses could also force bad roles on actors, and manipulate every single detail of stars’ images with their mammoth in-house publicity departments. Some have compared the Hollywood studio system to a factory, and it is useful to remember that studios were out to make money first and art second.
E On the other hand, studios also had to cultivate flexibility, in addition to consistent factory output. Studio heads realized that they couldn't make virtually the same film over and over again with the same cast of stars and still expect to keep turning a profit. They also had to create product differentiation. Examining how each production company tried to differentiate itself has led to loose characterizations of individual studios' styles. MGM tended to put out a lot of all-star productions while Paramount excelled in comedy and Warner Bros. developed a reputation for gritty social realism. 20th Century Fox forged the musical and a great deal of prestige biographies, while Universal specialized in classic horror movies.
F In 1948, struggling independent movie producers and exhibitors finally triumphed in their battle against the big studios’ monopolistic behavior. In the United States versus Paramount federal decree of that year, the studios were ordered to give up their theaters in what is commonly referred to as ‘divestiture’ - opening the market to smaller producers. This, coupled with the advent of television in the 1950s, seriously compromised the studio system’s influence and profits. Hence, 1930 and 1948 are generally considered bookends to Hollywood’s Golden Age.
Part 5: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question
Learning to Run
An article published recently in the prestigious scientific journal Nature is shedding new light on an important, but hitherto little appreciated, aspect of human evolution. In this article, Professors Dennis Bramble and Daniel Lieberman suggest that the ability to run was a crucial factor in the development of our species. According to the two scientists, humans possess a number of anatomical features that make them surprisingly good runners. ‘We are very confident that strong selection for running (A) ____was instrumental in the origin of the modern human body form,’ says Bramble, a biology professor at the University of Utah. Traditional thinking up to now has been that the distinctive, upright body form of modern humans has come about as a result of the ability to walk, and that running is simply a by-product of walking.
Furthermore, humans have usually been regarded as poor runners compared to such animals as dogs, horses or antelopes. However, this is only true if we consider fast running, or sprinting, over short distances. Even an Olympic athlete can hardly run as fast as a horse can gallop, and can only keep up a top speed for fifteen seconds or so. Horses, antelopes and greyhounds, on the other hand, can run at top speed for several minutes, clearly outperforming us in this respect. But when it comes to long-distance running, humans do astonishingly well (B)_____ They can maintain a steady pace for miles, and their overall speed compares favourably with that of horses or dogs.
Bramble and Lieberman examined twenty-six anatomical features found in humans. One of the most interesting of these is the nuchal ligament, a band of tissue that extends from a ridge on the base of the skull to the spine. When we run, it is this ligament that prevents our head from pitching back and forth or from side to side. Therefore, we are able to run with steady heads, held high. The nuchal ligament (C)_____is not found in any other surviving primates, although the fossil record shows that Homo erectus, an early human species that walked upright, much as we do, also had one. Then there are our Achilles tendons at the backs of our legs, which connect our calf muscles to our heel bones - and which have nothing to do with walking. When we run, these behave like springs, helping to propel us forward. Furthermore, we have low, wide shoulders, virtually disconnected from our skulls, an anatomical adaptation which allows us to run more efficiently. Add to this our light forearms, which swing out of phase with the movement of our legs to assist balance, and one begins to appreciate the point that Bramble and Lieberman are trying to make.
But what evolutionary advantage is gained from being good long-distance runners? One hypothesis is that this ability may have permitted early humans to obtain food more effectively. ‘What these features and fossil facts appear to be telling us is that running evolved in order for our direct ancestors to compete with other carnivores for access to the protein needed to grow the big brains that we enjoy today,’ says
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Lieberman. Some scientists speculate that early humans may have pursued animals for miles in order to exhaust them before killing them. Running would also have conferred an advantage before weapons were invented: early humans might have been scavengers, eating the meat and marrow left over from a kill by lions or other large predators. They may have been alerted to the existence of a freshly-killed carcass by vultures (D)____, and the faster they got to the scene of the kill, the better.
‘Research on the history of human locomotion has traditionally been contentious,’ says Lieberman. ’At the very least, I hope this theory will make many people have second thoughts about how humans learned to run and walk and why we are built the way we are.’
76. According to the text, the human ability to run...
A. was only recently described in a scientific journal.
B. is now regarded as more important than the ability to climb trees.
C. played an important part in human evolution.
D. is surprising when we consider evolutionary trends.
77. According to the text, scientists used to believe……….
A. that the human body owes its form to the ability to walk.
B. the human ability to walk adversely affected the ability to run.
C. that only modern humans could walk upright.
D. that humans can run because they stand upright.
78. According to the text, humans……………
A. are better runners than most other animals. B. are not good at running short distances. C. cannot run at top speed for long distances. D. compare unfavourably with horses and dogs.
79. It appears that the nuchal ligament………
A. is found only in modern primates. B. is associated with the ability to run. C. prevents the head from moving D. is a unique anatomical feature.
80. The text implies that……………
A. we do not need calf muscles in order to walk. B. without shoulders we could not run very fast. C. the movement of our forearms is out of phase. D. our Achilles tendons are an adaptation for running.
81. The pronoun “these” in the third paragraph refers to……………
A. legs B. tendons C. muscles D. bones
82. According to the text, early humans…………
A. killed animals by exhausting them. B. may have evolved big brains for running. C. competed with other animals for food. D. could probably run before they could walk.
83. Professor Lieberman hopes to…………….
A. dispel any remaining doubts about the nature of the human body.
B. prove conclusively that humans did not always walk in an upright position.
C. make people reconsider previously-held ideas about human anatomy.
D. inform people of the real reason why humans are able to run and walk.
84. Which of the following spaces can the relative clause “- which came at the expense of the historical ability to live in trees -” fit?
A. (A) B. (B) C. (C) D. (D)
85. The word “conferred” in the fourth paragraph can be best replaced by
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IV. WRITING (2.5 points)
Part 1. Read the following extract and use your own words to summarise it. Your summary should be between 100 and 120 words long.
Buying things today is so simple. Just enter a shop, say a book store, choose the desired book and pay for it. Long ago, before the invention of money, how did people trade?
The most primitive way of exchange should be the barter trade. In this form of transaction, people used goods to exchange for the things that they had in mind. For instance, if person A wanted a book and he had a spare goat, he must look for someone who had the exact opposite, that is, that someone, say person B, must have a spare book of person A's choice and is also in need of a goat. Having found such a person, the problem does not end here. A big goat may worth not only one book, hence person B may have to offer person A something else, say five chickens. However, he runs the risk of person A rejecting the offer as he may not need the chickens. The above example clearly illustrates the inefficiency of barter trading.
Many years later, the cumbersome barter trade finally gave way to the monetary form of exchange when the idea of money was invented. In the early days, almost anything could qualify as money: beads, shells and even fishing hooks. Then in a region near Turkey, gold coins were used as money. In the beginning, each coin had a different denomination. It was only later, in about 700 BC, that Gyges, the king of Lydia, standardized the value of each coin and even printed his name on the coins.
Monetary means of transaction at first beat the traditional barter trade. However, as time went by, the thought of carrying a ponderous pouch of coins for shopping appeared not only troublesome but thieves attracting. Hence, the Greek and Roman traders who bought goods from people faraway cities, invented checks to solve the problem. Not only are paper checks easy to carry around, they discouraged robbery as these checks can only be used by the person whose name is printed on the notes. Following this idea, banks later issued notes in exchange for gold deposited with them. These bank notes can then be used as cash. Finally, governments of today adopted the idea and began to print paper money, backed by gold for the country's use.
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Part 2: The table below shows the results of surveys in 2005, 2010 and 2015 about McGill University.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. Write about 150 words.
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Part 3. Essay writing
It is said that “The industrial revolution 4.0 opened up many great opportunities but also brought many challenges for the young generation”.
What should young people prepare themselves to adapt with the changes in the industrial revolution 4.0 era?
Write an essay of about 350 words to express your opinion with relevant details to support your viewpoint.
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