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USE OF ENGLISH. CLOZE EXERCISE
In the following text, fill in the blanks with ONLY ONE WORD
The Nature of the Reading Process
If you stand at a window (1) ........................a busy road and watch a car pass you from left to right, your eyes will appear to move smoothly (2) ....................... they are focused (3) ..................... the car. If, (4) ......................, you wait until there is no traffic and try to follow an imaginary car as it moves from left to right anyone (5) ..................... watches your eyes (6) ....................... you do this will tell you that they move in a series of small jerks. This is (7) .........................happens when you read. As your eyes move (8) .................. a line of print, they make a series of small jerky movements, stopping momentarily on each word or group of words. These pauses - (9) ..................... as ‘fixations’- last for about a third of a second. The slow reader finds that he has to fixate on every word in (10) ................. to understand what he reads (11) .......................the efficient reader, on the other hand, has learned to widen his ‘eye span’ and to see written material more in terms of groups of words (12) .......................as single words. No mechanical device claiming to help a reader widen his eye span has (13) ......................... been able to produce evidence that they are any more effective than (14) ................... trying to read faster. In fact, as you usually (15) .......................read faster without widening your eye span, then, if your reading speeds increase as a result of trying to read faster, you have widened your eye span (16) ....................... necessarily realising it. One follows naturally from the other.
1. overlooking
9. known
2. because, as, since (reason)
10. order
3. on
11. while, whereas (contrast)
4. however
12. than
5. who
13. yet
6. while, as (temporal meaning)
14. simply, only, just
7. what
15. cannot
8. along
16. without
It's never (1) ……………….. to formally disallow an ism. It must also be made "uncool." (2) ……………..…. our motivation behind the desire to hold others down is psychological, social, or economic, is beside the point. Typically, a mixture of motives is at ………….. But it's the willingness to indignify others, and the fact that we are still collectively (4) ……………. our tongues--as previous generations did about racism-- that (5) ………………. at the root of the problems that vex us today.
I envisage a dignitarian society, one in (6) …………….. every person, regardless of rank, expects and enjoys equal dignity. The implications of a politics (7) …………. on the principle of dignity for all are profound. (8) ………………… as our institutions had to be reshaped as America turned from a segregated into multicultural society, so too (9) ……….……….. we need to transform our schools, businesses, healthcare and religious institutions as we become a dignitarian society. A dignitarian society is democracy's (10) …………….. natural evolutionary step.
Senator Obama is at risk of (11) ………..…….. expectations beyond anyone's capacity to deliver on them. There are no quick fixes (12) ………………. our current problems. But (13) …………….. the public understand that building a dignitarian society is as complex and rewarding (14) ……………….. task as overcoming racism, it may grant our leaders, (15) ………………. they be, the patience and commitment that they are going to need to do so.
1. enough 9. will
2. whether 10. next
3. stake 11. raising
4. holding 12. to
5. lies 13. should
6. which 14. a
7. predicated/built/based 15. whoever
8. just
One way (1) .……………. of this quandary is to be upfront about your investment in your appearance, as is the case with Cristina Fernández de Kirchner, Argentina´s (2) ………………. elected president. Her gaudy clothing style, (3) ………………. crimson leather jackets and clanking jewelry, as well as her wild purple-brown tresses, excessive makeup and (4) .……..…………. mascaraed eyes are patently over-the-top, and she (5) …………………. no bones about it: “(6) . …………….. I was 14, I’ve painted myself like a door”. (7) .……………….. way of circumventing this deconstructionist chitchat is by an impeccable professional background outside the political (8) ……………….. altogether. If you are Margaret Thatcher, effortlessly radiating a kind of nanny-like authority, or the Chancellor of Germany, Angela Merkel, resting on your laurels (9) ……………. a scientist, (10) ….…………. you need do is pass muster. Men do not escape microscopic (11) …..……………….. either (John Kerry and his rumoured dalliance with Botox (12) ..…………….as much heated discussion as his Vietnam record). (13) ..………….. it may be true that Nixon’s five-o’clock shadow, hunched bearing and darting eyes did not help endear him to (14) ……………..the press or the public, they were not analyzed by grooming experts the (15) ……………….. the press endlessly dissects the puffiness around Hillary’s eyes or Ségolène Royal’s willowy body that belies her 53 years and four children.
1. out 9. as
2. newly 10. all
3. featuring / including 11. assessment / scrutiny 4. heavily 12. caused
5. makes 13. While
6. Since 14. either
7. another 15. way
8. arena /field
The first case of H5N1 bird flu in Africa is likely to be followed quickly by (1) . . . . . . . . ., creating a severe situation, the UN’s top expert says. Dr David Nabarro of the World Health Organisation told the BBC the virus “(2) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . be quite widespread”. It comes after the strain deadly to humans was (3) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . on a farm in Kaduna in northern Nigeria. Officials are investigating whether poultry in other states have also died (4) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . the virus.
Dr Nabarro said the WHO was anticipating further (5) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in other parts of Africa. “If it is in Nigeria, it might also be in other countries that are (6) . . . . . . . . . . . well-equipped.” He said that governments and ordinary people would (7) . . . . . . . . . . . to take very strong precautions to protect (8) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . and stop the disease spreading.
“We’ve got to have all countries, particularly in West Africa, being very vigilant (9) . . . . . bird die-offs, which are the indicator of bird flu (10) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . in the population. Experts have been (11) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . to the commercial chicken farm in Kaduna, where bird flu was (12) . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. Authorities there said they had (13) . . . . . . . measures to stamp out the outbreak by disinfecting (14) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . affected premises, imposing a quarantine and (15) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . restrictions on animal movements.
1. others 9. for
2. might 10. being
3. detected 11. sent
4. from 12. found
5. outbreaks 13. taken
6. less 14. the
7. have 15. putting, setting
8. themselves
Media multi-tasking sounds, at first (1) ……………….., like a boon for productivity. If we can do two things at once, we can do (2) ….……………the amount in the same (3) ……………. of time, or the same amount in (4) ………….……. the time. (5) ……….….. way, it's a nifty trick. Researchers at Stanford University found that, actually, multi tasking is a good way to do several things (6) ……………… When people are continually distracted from one task, they work faster but produce (7) …………...... In a series of tests that required (8) ……………. rapidly back and (9) ……..…………. between tasks, regular heavy multi-task evidenced slower response times than those who (10) …………… multitasked. (11) …………….. that suggests is that multi-taskers are more easily distracted by irrelevant information and cannot focus. And unfocused can mean unproductive. Likewise, students (12) ………………..a maths puzzle took 40% longer - and suffered more (13) …………………. - when (14) ………….…….to multi-task. And those who do homework while watching television get consistently lower (15) ………………
1. glance, sight
8. switching, changing (or another ING)
2. twice
9. forth
3. length, period, lapse
10. rarely, seldom, hardly, barely, never
4. half
11. What (emphatic sentence)
5. Either
12. solving, doing (ING)
6. badly, wrongly (an adverb!!)
13. stress; strain; pressure; exposure
7. less
14. made, asked, obliged, led, forced
15. grades, marks (results: NO)
The American Revolution and the war for independence (1) …………………Britain began with a fight between British troops and colonists on April 19, 1775. The “Minutemen”, as colonists were (2) ……………. since they could be ready to fight in a minute, decided to (3) ………………..silently and not to shoot (4) …………… the British shot first. As someone accidentally fired a shot, fighting (5) …………..out. More than 250 “redcoats” were killed or (6) ……………... The Americans counted 93 (7) ……………….. In the Second Continental Congress (8) …………… in Philadelphia, more than half voted to go to war (9) ..…………. Britain. George Washington of Virginia (10) …………… the commander-in-chief. A peace resolution aimed at (11) …………… a war was rejected by King George III. Thomas Paine, a radical political thinker, in his pamphlet Common Sense, described two possible (12) …………… for America. The people could (13) …………… unequal citizens under a king, or (14) ………… they could live in an independent country with (15) ……. ……… of liberty and happiness.
1. from
8. held
2. nicknamed, called, known
9. against
3. protest, complain, claim
10. became
4. unless
11. avoiding
5. broke
12. scenarios/conditions
6. wounded/injured
13. remain (be)
7. casualties
14. else, rather
15. hopes
The prelude to Germany's hosting of the World Cup could (1) …………………. been better. Instead of presenting the country's best side to millions of visitors and billions of spectators from around the globe, Germany's image has recently been (2) ……………………. by several unsavoury incidents.
The country was shocked by a racially motivated brutal attack last month (3) …………………… a black German citizen, as well as several racist incidents in lower division German soccer leagues this season. To make (4) ………………… worse, German neo-Nazi groups recently said they (5) …………………… use the tournament to raise their (6) …………………… at home and abroad. The US State Department has (7) …………………… visitors to exercise caution when travelling in parts of the country's economically depressed east (8) ………………… fear of skinheads and other (9) ………………….-prone, right-wing extremists. Taken all together, it's conspiring to tarnish the efforts of the organizing committee, (10) ………………. by football legend Franz Beckenbauer, for a grand soccer extravaganza this summer. And German football certainly isn't the (11) ………………….. offender in Europe when it comes (12) ……………… racist taunting: the top leagues in both Spain and Italy continue to have (13) …………………… problems. But there's undoubtedly room (14) ………………….. improvement. Simply confining thugs and hooligans to second and third division matches is (15) …………………… an acceptable solution.
1. have 9. violence
2. hit 10. headed
3. on 11. worst
4. matters, things 12. to
5. would 13. appalling, serious
6. profile 14. for
7. warned 15. not
8. for
