Tuyển tập Sentence transformations-Biến đổi câu dành cho học sinh giỏi THPT, Olympic 30-4 (gần 1000 câu) có đáp án và giải thích chi tiết

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LINH NGUYEN - 21

He really upset everyone when he told them his secret

He really put / set the cat among the pigeons when …

P: to say or do something that causes trouble or makes a lot of people very angry (UK)

Your attitude will have to change if you want to succeed

You will have to turn over a new leaf if…

P: to start behaving in a better way (c2)

You may think you are talented but horses will always show you are not

No matter how talented you think you are, horses will always bring / take you down a peg (or two)

P: to show someone that they are not as important as they thought (inf)

I avoided mentioning Jack’s demotion as I realized that it might upset him

Realizing THAT mentioning … might…, I let sleeping dogs lie

P: said to warn that they shouldn’t talk about a bad situation that most people have forgotten about

Susan is far superior to me in terms of technical knowledge

When it comes to technical knowledge, I am no match for Susan

It is important that we have to get the team to comply with the rules

● Get ahead

to be successful in the work that you do:

It is of importance that we have to get the team to toe the line

P: to do what you are expected to do without causing trouble for anyone:

- If you want to get ahead, you’d better learn to toe the line.

Winning the prize has made him very conceited (c2)

Winning the prize has gone to his head

Prompt action from the police helped to reduce the number of people killed and injured in the fighting

Were it not to have been for prompt action from the police, the fighting would have suffered heavy casualties

His efforts to find a solution didn’t deserve such a savage criticism

He shouldn’t have been savagely criticized for his efforts to find a solution

10 He did not succeed in reaching the top of the highest mountain in this area

In vain did he reach the top of ...

11 It was a great surprise to us when A arrives punctually yesterday

A took us by surprise with/by her punctual arrival yesterday

LINH NGUYEN - 21

It is quite obvious that we shall have to work faster in order to finish the project on time

There is no way of escaping from the fact that ...

13 If you don’t know what you’re doing, you shouldn’t dismantle the clock

Don’t take the clock apart unless you know what you’re doing

All that stood between John and the gold medal was Jim’s greater speed

But for Jim’s greater speed, John would have won the gold medal

(but for = if … not )

15 Julie always listens to my complaints about work, which is very kind of her

Julie is so kind AS TO always lend an ear to my complaints ….

16 The sequel to the best seller was a great disappointment to the public

The sequel to the best seller didn’t live up to the expectation of the public

There was loud applause as he left the stage

18 I was bitterly disappointed they didn’t give me a part in the school play

He left the stage TO THE ACCOMPANIMENT OF loud applause

Very much to my disappointment, I was passed over for a part

He is becoming quite famous as an interviewer

20 Mr.Brown has been a gardener for years so let’s consult his opinion first

He is making quite a name for himself as an interviewer

Let’s PICK UP Mr.Brown’s BRAINS because of his wealth of experience as a gardener

Mrs Thomas seems to find the way her daughter behaves more a source of amusement than embarrassment

Far from being embarrassed by her daughter’s behaviour, Mrs Thoms seems to be amused by it

22 City life doesn’t attract me at all

City life holds no attraction FOR me

23 Without his help we would all have died

If it hadn’t been for his help, we would all have died

24 Money is of no value on a desert island

Money counts for nothing on a desert island

25 She agreed without the slightest hesitation

She agreed AT THE DROP OF A HAT

you do it immediately without stopping to think about it:

26 I heard the rumor that they are getting married

I heard through the grapevine that …. (nghe đồn) a white elephant: vật vô dụng, để lại sẽ tốn kém

27 Workers were told nothing about the plans to sell the company

Workers were KEPT IN THE DARK about …

LINH NGUYEN - 21

Alan went to London so that she could brush up her E

Alan’s reason for going to London was that she wanted to brush up...

29 Celia finally managed to buy her own house after years of saving

ONLY AFTER years of saving DID Celia manage to ...

30 My boss says I can use his car whenever I want to, so long as I’m careful

My boss says his car is AT MY DISPOSAL so long as I’m careful

*so long as = as long as

The news was a shock to us

We were TAKEN ABACK by the news

32 James realised that he could never be an architect

James realised that he WASN’T CUT OUT TO BE an architect

● not be cut out for sth (C2)

to not be the right type of person for something: I'm not cut out for an of ice job.

What he told me made me very curious to hear the rest of the story

/ˈek.sɝːpt/

- I've read an excerpt of the

book on the Web and it's

whetted my appetite.

What he told me WHETTED MY APPETITE for the rest of the story

● whet sb's appetite

P: to increase someone's interest in and wish for something, usually by giving them a small

experience of it

34 I don’t mind staying in on a Sat night if I have good company

I’m not AVERSE TO staying in ...

(I’m not averse to = I like)

What put me off the idea was simply how expensive it was going to be

The sheer expense / cost was what.. * sheer: complete (emphasized)

Trudy was quite relieved when she found out the truth

It was something OF A RELIEF to Trudy when ...

37 The brochure gives hardly any useful information

Precious little useful information is given in the brochure

● precious: very (inf)

Lots of people will start, but precious few will finish.

38 If you don’t pay on time, your booking will be cancelled

Failure to pay on time will RESULT IN your booking being cancelled

39 You’ll have to spend at least $500 to get that sort of camera

You won’t get that sort of camera less than $500

LINH NGUYEN - 21

Since the first ad, we’ve had more applications than we can deal with

Since …, we’ve been swamped with applications.

*swamp: too much, too big that cannot be easily dealt with

Foreign cars have swamped the UK market. Don't let feelings of depression swamp you.

If clothes swamp you, they are much too big for you. (inf)

41 It’s a mystery where the tribe originated

The origins of the tribe are shrouded in mystery / secrecy

Neil frequently breaks his promises

Neil frequently GOES BACK ON his word

43 The public reaction to the Pre’s announcement surprised everyone

She speaks French quite well

Everyone was taken aback by the

She HAS A GOOD COMMAND OF French (Have the ability to use/ control; have mastery of)

There is no way he got the news from me as we haven’t spoken

46 You can’t escape your responsibilities so easily, you know

It can’t have been me who passed on the news to him as we

You can’t WRIGGLE OUT OF your responsibilities ...

(inf) to avoid doing something that you do not want to do:

He promised he'd help me paint the living room, but now he's trying to wriggle out of it.

47 Nobody ever takes time off in this company

It is unheard of for anyone to take...

48 There has been an annual festival here for hundreds of years

Since/From time IMMEMORIAL there has … here -> for a very long time (literary)

49 The new director seems to be excellent at fielding awkward questions

The new director seems to HAVE A FLAIR FOR fielding ….

* (phr) to be very skilful at st

*field (answer) to deal with a question, often by not answering it directly

I must reject this plan

I will have to reject ...

It didn’t escape his attention/notice that she was upset

He couldn’t help noticing that ...

LINH NGUYEN - 21

There’s nothing more to be done about this matter

Nothing more can be done ...

53 A new car is twice as expensive as a second-hand one

A new car is twice the price of a ...

54 I

don’t seem to be able to understand this instruction

I can’t GET MY HEAD ROUND this instruction

55 David doesn’t seem to be able to get on top of the new computer system

● be on top of/get on top of :

dealing with st successfully.

...the government's inability to get on top of the situation.

● get on top of someone

so upset that cannot deal with:

She's had a few financial problems, and I think things have just been getting on top of her.

Angela is just recovering from a nasty bout of flu

a short period of illness or

involvement in an activity:

David doesn’t seem to be able to GET TO GRIPS WITH the new…

to make an effort to understand and deal with a problem or situation: (c2)

The president has failed to come to grips with the two most important social issues of our time. I can't seem to get to grips with this problem.

Angela is just GETTING OVER a …

UK a bout of flu ; US a bout with the flu

drinking bout

Maggie’s little boy is just learning to put on his own clothes

….to get dressed by himself

58 The little joke really caused a lot of trouble for me

The little joke really GOT ME INTO DEEP WATER ● be in / get into deep water: in serious trouble

59 Molly finds it difficult to accept the idea that her daughter is grown up

…. to get used to the idea ...

60 Only when it got dark did Paolo decide to make his way back home

It was not until DARKNESS FELL that Paolo made up his mind to ….

61 There is a rumour that the company lost over 20 million dollars during the price war

The company is rumoured to have sustained a loss / losses of over….

to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss (f) She sustained multiple injuries in the accident. Most buildings sustained only minimal damage in the earthquake

LINH NGUYEN - 21

The role played by the PR company in securing the government contract was never acknowledged officially

* secure a contract = get a contract

At no time was there official acknowledgement of the role the PR company played securing the government contract

63 Don’t let Sarah’s carefree attitude deceive you; she is an extremely conscientious worker

● carefree (c2)

having no problems or not being worried about anything:

I remember my carefree student days.

Don’t let yourself BE TAKEN IN by Sarah’s…

● A happy-go-lucky person does not plan much and accepts what happens without becoming worried.

● conscientious (c1)

/ˌkɑːn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs/

putting a lot of effort into your work:

a conscientious student

Joe would only agree to continue the trip if he could drive instead of Paul

He surprised me very much when he said he loved me

Joe insisted on TAKING OVER FROM Paul as the driver before he would agree to continue the trip ● take over:

to begin to do something that someone else was doing Can you take over the cooking while I walk the dog?

He TOOK MY BREATH AWAY when he … (B2) to be extremely beautiful or surprising: The beauty of the Taj Mahal took my breath away.

66 He didn’t hesitate to recommend me for the job

He MADE NO BONES ABOUT recommending me for the job

not try to hide something or say you are sorry about it: He makes no bones about the fact that his apartment is a mess.

The local council has considered mass tourism (as) the cause of the

environmental problems

The local council has PUT THE BLAME ON mass tourism FOR the cause of …

hiện tượng một điểm đến du lịch phát triển quá nóng, thu hút quá nhiều du khách đến cùng một lúc (vd tình trạng quá tải trong mùa cao điểm du lịch.)

68 It is quite urgent that he hold this meeting

The meeting should be held as a matter of urgency

69 Ally’s wife said that he had to start being interested in their kids’lives

Ally’s wife said that IT WAS TIME he showed an interest in ….

70 Immediately after his arrival home a water-heater exploded

Hardly had he arrived home when ...a water-heater exploded

71 Rita doesn’t realize how serious her husband’s operation is going to be

Little does Rita realize ...

LINH NGUYEN - 21

A waiter spilled soup over Lydia’s new dress last night

Lydia had some soup spilled over her new dress by a waiter last night

73 Jane’s husband will be returning from South America quite soon

It won’t be long AFTER Jane’s husband returns from South America

74 Martin may be not very well but she still manages to enjoy life

Martin’s poor health doesn’t prevent/stop him from enjoying life

75 He began by giving us a summary of his progress so far

At the outset, he gave us a summary of his progress so far

76 I think we ought to permit him to do whatever he chooses

I think we should give him a free hand

P: to make your own decisions about how you want to do something:

The students were given a free hand as far as designing their product was concerned.

77 I resent the way that she clearly feels herself to be superior to me

78 After two hours the bride had still not arrived

I resent the way that she looks down her nose at me ● resent Ving: angry, upset about Ving

After two hours there was still no sign of the bride.

79 Frank doesn’t care if Jean leaves or stays

80 Marie distrusts modern technology strongly

P: (not trust)

Whatever Jean does is all right with Frank

Marie has a strong distrust of modern tech

81 Absolute secrecy was crucial to the success of the mission

Without absolute secrecy, the mission wouldn’t have succeeded

82 You could be arrested for not giving a breath sample to the police

Refusal to give a breath sample could lead to your arrest

83 The house was dirty because no one bothered to keep it clean

The house was dirty because no one took the trouble to keep it clean

84 A did everything he could to exploit the situation

A …. to take advantage of the ...

85 He bought a new jacket without having planned to do

He bought …. on the spur of the moment

86 They have discovered some interesting new information

Some … has come to light

= (be known publicly)

87 I find Harold’s behaviour quite

I am at a loss to understand Harold’s behaviour

LINH NGUYEN - 21

incomprehensible

Most people know that becoming an actor is difficult

It is common knowledge that ...

89 Because of its price, the book may never become a bestseller

The price of this book may prevent it (from) becoming / being a bestseller // its becoming / being s bestseller

90 It was such an impressive painting that I had an irresistible urge to buy it

It was so impressive a painting that ...

91 His rude behavior is too much for me

I can’t put up with his rude behavior

92 Tony’s very charming, but I wouldn’t trust him

Charming as Tony is, I ...

93 Local residents said they were against the new traffic scheme

Local residents expressed their disapproval of ...

94 Jenny didn’t feel like going to the party

Jenny wasn’t in the mood to / was in no mood to go / for going to the party

95 He always makes everything look so dif icult

96 Being her only niece, Ann is very precious to her

He always makes heavy weather of everything P: have unnecessary difficulty in dealing with st (inf)

…., Ann is the apple of her eye

P: the person who someone loves most and is very proud of (old-f)

97 Carol has trouble communicating her ideas to others

Carol has trouble getting her ideas across

She tends to become very angry when she sees X being treated badly

She tends to see red when ...

99 There has been a belief that she ...

It has been believed that...

Her hobby is one thing that she doesn’t intend to give up

She has no intention of giving up her hobby

01 There is no point in seeing that film

That film ISN’T worth seeing

02 It snowed so they cancelled the flight

The flight was cancelled owing to the snow

03 The news that he would be going to U

The news of HIS GOING to ...

04 We must think about ways of ...

Thought must be given to ways of ...

It isn’t possible that X was absent from work today

X must have been at work today

LINH NGUYEN - 21

I haven’t been swimming for nearly a year

The last time I went swimming was nearly a year ago

It doesn’t matter which ...

It makes no difference which ...

08 Should they strike the consultant off, she will

Should she be struck off, the consultant will P: Xóa bỏ giấy phép chuyên ngành của ai đó

09 It was much of a Y than a Z

It was not so much a Z as a Y

10 He threatened the X with violence

He made threats of violence against the X

11 X is very likely to be promoted

X stands on a good chance of being promoted

12 His whole life was one of deceit and treachery

Throughout his life he was deceitful and treacherous ● /ˈtretʃ.ɚ.i/ : behaviour that deceives/ is not loyal to sb who trusts you

13 Only X know the details

14 There’s nothing new about X

Knowledge of the details is limited / restricted to X X is as old as the hills

15 I never thought that we’d have X 16 X leaked the story to the world press 17 Does he know enough X to ...

18 My friend claim that the exhibition was interesting but I found it pretty dull

It never crossed my mind that ...

The world press got wind of the story from X Is his knowledge of X good enough for him to ….

It wasn’t as interesting an exhibition as my friend had claimed

19 X were not only slightly insulting, but they were extremely inaccurate

X were not so much insulting as inaccurate

20 X has imposed a ban on private e-mails

What X has done is imposed ….

/ɪmˈpoʊz/ : to officially force

21 I was expecting X to be a lot more expensive than it is

X is nowhere near as expensive as I (had) expected it to be

22 Due to the difficulty of the Q asked, he only narrowly missed failing the exam

The Q were so difficult that he only just managed to scrape through the exam

P: to succeed in something but with a lot of difficulty

23 There was uncertainty over the animal’s ability to pull through after the operation

It was touch and go whether the animal would survive the operation

● touch-and-go (inf)

When X told Y they were wrong, they left immediately

X told Y they were wrong, AT WHICH POINT they left

LINH NGUYEN - 21

What makes X different from the others is its long history

What sets X apart from the others is...

26 She got up very early this morning

She got up at the crack of dawn (c2)

27 I can’t remember having

I have no recollection of having (c2 - a memory of st)

28 From what we have been told, the victim has left hospital and is

recovering rapidly

The victim is understood to be out of hospital and is recovering quickly

29 She is well-known for her vast knowledge of ...

She is authority on …

/əˈθɔːr.ə.t̬i/ (c2 - expert)

30 As the merry-go-round picked up speed, the children’s shrieks grew ever more piercing

● /ʃriːk/ = thét

● piercing = feeling or seeming very sharp or powerful:

He had piercing blue eyes.

She let out a piercing (= loud) shriek.

The faster the merry-go-round span, the more piercingly the children shrieked

● merry-go-round (n): Đu quay thú nhún

● spin (- span - spun): turning round very quickly ● spick and span: (place) very clean and tidy: Their house is always spick and span.

31 Another five years were to pass before she saw her brother again

32 We found the key we’d been looking for lying under the sofa

Not until five years had gone by did she see her brother again

There, under the sofa, lay the missing key

33 X was very angry with Y

X blew up at Y ( = suddenly become very angry - inf)

34 X said that the situation was like a Y

X LIKENED the situation TO a Y

35 My mom never thinks of ...

The idea of … is never in my mom’s thought

36 These wine bottles have many ...

There are many … FROM these ...

37 The crops were badly affected by X

X had/made a bad effect on the crops

38 We couldn’t find X anywhere

X was nowhere to be found

39 The X was held despite Y

The X took place despite Y

40 You should make an effort to get out and about more

It’s high time you GOT…

● out and about:

1. out and at different places

2. active; doing the things you usually do:

The doctor says she's making a good recovery, and she should be out and about in a few days' time.

LINH NGUYEN - 21

He spent time setting up an exhibition of costumes from all periods of history

He was EMPLOYED IN setting up … costumes DOWN THE AGES

● be employed in Ving: spend time Ving

● down (through) the ages: Through time. During many periods.

42 When the goods arrived at the shop, they are inspected carefully

On arrival at the shop, the goods are inspected carefully

43 Those stores will probably accept a credit card instead of cash

It is possible that those stores accept a credit card as an alternative TO cash

Even if she runs really fast, Tina won’t get to school on time

No matter how fast she runs, Tina ...

45 Joe was very surprised to see Jack walk into the room

46 Lots more people have been shopping online this year

Joe was taken completely by surprise when Jack walked

(not taken aback bc it’ll have to be: completely taken aback while the test gives “joe was taken …” )

There has been a sharp increase in the number of people shopping online this year

47 X should think about experience when hiring new staff

48 I wish people wouldn’t talk ... - it makes me really uptight

/ˈʌpˈtɑɪt/ : nervous, anxious, or worried; angry (inf)

X should take experience into consideration when hiring new staff

It really gets on my nerves when people talking … P: annoy - make sb angry, upset (slightly)

49 I

get bored with the match halfway through

(be halfway through Ving/st: 50% process)

I lost my interest in the match halfway through

50 John has hinted that he doesn’t wish to remain in the group any longer

John has dropped / given a hint that he no longer wishes to

51 I do not understand why he has been involved in lots of dif erent activities

I do not understand why he has had a finger in every pie

52 It’s quite common

It’s by no means uncommon

53 Initially, everybody believed his story but now they think he was lying

He is now believed to have made up/dreamt up the story

54 We only came to this restaurant because you insisted that we did so

It was at your insistence that we came to this restaurant

LINH NGUYEN - 21

I’ve become extremely good at missing the rush hour over the last few weeks

I’ve got missing the rush hour down to a fine art over the last few weeks

P: have/have got sth down to a fine art

(UK also: have sth off to a fine art)

to be able to do something very well or quickly, often because you have done it so many times

56 It’s crucial for us to control the juvenile inmates in a very strict way

It’s crucial for us to keep a tight rein on the juvenile inmates

keep a tight rein on sb/sth = keep sb/sth on a tight rein

to have a lot of control over someone or something

57 His excuse for such bad behavior has little ef ect on her

His excuse for such bad behavior cuts no ice with her

58 You made an embarrassing mistake when you asked him where ...

59 I feel I am not being treated fairly

You put your foot in it / in your mouth when …

put your foot in it (UK)

(US put your foot in your mouth)

to say something by accident that embarrasses or upsets someone

I feel I am getting / being given a raw deal

bad or unfair treatment: He said that many children in the city's schools were getting/being given a raw deal by being taught in classes that were too large.

60 If children were allowed to do what they wanted, they would probably play games all day

If children were left to their own devices, they would.. P: to allow someone to make their own decisions about what to do: He seemed to be a responsible person, so I left him to his own devices.

61 I

don’t conceal my loathing for war /ˈloʊ.ðɪŋ/ C2 a strong feeling of hating someone or something

I make no secret of my loathing for war

62 X and Y did not get on well

X was not on good terms with Y

63 The fourth time he asked her to marry him, she accepted

Only on his fourth proposal did she accept (to marry) him

64 I shall never lend X any money, no matter what happens

Under no circumstances will/shall I (ever) lend X any money

LINH NGUYEN - 21

Do you think X will be able to come here?

Is there any possibility that X will come here?

66 The likelihood of their having any work to offer me in the foreseeable future is nil

● nil = nothing

It is not at all likely that they have any work to offer me..

67 He shouted as loudly as he could, but nobody heard him

He shouted at the top of his voice, but nobody heard him

68 His French has improved so much that he is virtually fluent now

His French has improved to such a degree that he is virtually (=almost) fluent now

69 X is not at all afraid about ...

… holds no fear for X

70 X was the only member of staff not to attend the farewell party (tiệc chia tay)

71 Have you decided to enter the competition?

With the exception of X every member of / all the staff attended

Have you decided to go in for the ...

( compete / enjoy / do sth regularly )

72 If I were you, I wouldn’t tell 73 It is thought that X is considering 74 I was very annoyed by his

You had better not tell

X is thought to be considering

What really annoyed me was his

75 I really like her voice but not her choice of songs

Much as I like her voice, I don’t like her choice of songs

76 Quite by chance, X met Y at

X ran into Y at

● run into SB : meet by chance

● run across ST: find by chance

It took me a long time to recover from my illness

It took me a long time to get over my illness

78 You’ll just have to learn to accept the facts

You’ll just have to face up to the facts

It has always been her ambition to write a successful novel

She has always dreamt of writing a successful novel

80 You got lost because you didn’t do what I told you

It you had followed my instruction, you wouldn’t have got lost

81 I’ll only leave the waiter some money if he’s quick

I won’t tip the waiter unless he’s quick

LINH NGUYEN - 21

Was it necessary for you to make a fuss ABOUT … ?

P: To have an excessive reaction to someone or something.

You should not have made a song and dance about ● make a fuss OF sb

(mainly US make a fuss over sb)

to give someone a lot of attention and treat them well ● make a song and dance about st

make something seem more important than it really is so that everyone notices it (UK inf)

- I only asked her to move her car but she made such a song and dance about it.

83 The laborers decided to take industrial action to show support for their sacked workmate

P: an occasion when workers do something that is intended to force an employer to agree to something, especially by stopping work:

- Workers at the plant are

threatening industrial action.

84 You aren’t particularly cooperative. That’s why your colleagues didn’t respect you

The laborers decided to DOWN TOOLS in support of their sacked workmate

● down tools: to refuse to continue working, especially because you are not satisfied with your pay or working conditions (UK)

Were you more cooperative, your colleagues would have held you in high esteem (admire, very respect ) ● particularly: very or very much; especially

85 He didn’t admit that he was the thief until he was caught red-handed

Not until he was caught in the act did he admit that ...

86 He is rumored to have had financial problems

Rumor has it that he felt / has felt the pinch ● feel the pinch: to have problems with money because you are earning less than before (UK)

87 His amicable /ˈæm.ɪ.kə.bəl/ ( thân tình) behavior was really out of his character (uncharacteristic)

That he behaved in an amicable way / amicably was not in keeping with his character

● in/out of keeping (with sth): suitable or not suitable for a particular situation

88 The announcement of the takeover came as a surprise to the entire staff /ˈteɪkˌoʊ.vɚ/ a situation in which a company gets control of another company by buying enough of its shares (C1)

The entire staff was thrown / caught off balance when the takeover was announced

● catch/throw sb off balance: to surprise someone and make them confused or upset

- They were involved in a takeover last year.

89 She tried to explain how to operate the photocopier to me and ended up being perplexed

She tied herself (up) in knots when she tried / trying to explain to me how the photocopier operated ● tie sb (up) in knots

LINH NGUYEN - 21

/pɚˈplekst/ confused, because st is difficult to understand or solve

1. (inf) to confuse someone and make them unable to explain something clearly

2. to make someone upset, worried, or confused: - Start watching the way his guilt ties him up in knots. - Thinking too much just leaves you tied up in knots.

90 Customs officials / officers (Nhân viên Hải quan) are stopping more travelers than usual this week

An increased number of travelers are being searched by customs officials this week

91 Can you please stop causing trouble?

I’d / would rather/ sooner (that) you stopped making waves

● make waves (C2; inf): to be very active so that other people notice you, often in a way that intentionally causes trouble:

- It's probably not a good idea to start making waves in your first week in a new job.

92 I was quite (completely) shocked that when they broke the news, she stayed perfectly calm and controlled

● break the news: to tell someone about some important new

information

It came as a great/big shock to me that when they …, but she didn’t turn a hair

93 That he decided to retire early marked the end of his distinguished career ● distinguished: respected and admired for excellence

His decision to retire early brought the curtain down / down the curtain on his distinguished career ● bring down the curtain on st/bring the curtain down on st = to end st

We discovered in the end that they had deliberately (=intentionally) left some important facts

/trænˈspaɪɚ/: previously secret or unknown fact becomes known (f)

In the end it transpired that they had been economical with the truth

● be economical with the truth: literally means to avoid revealing too much of the

truth(humourous)

The chances are that by the end of the year the economy will have recovered

There is every indication (to suggest) that by the end of this year … will be (back) on its feet again ● be/get back on one’s feet:

1. to have enough money again, or to be successful again after having problems

2. to be healthy again after a period of illness

96 X is nowhere near as good since there was a change of ownership

X has really gone downhills since it changed hands ● go downhills: to gradually become worse (C2)

97 You have the right to complain about it in writing

You are at liberty to lodge a written complaint about it ● lodge a claim, complaint, protest, etc: to make an official complaint about something

LINH NGUYEN - 21

It is certain that he will compensate you for the damage he has done ● compensate for: den bu

He is bound to make it up to you for …

● make it up to sb: to do something good for someone you have upset, in order to become friends with them again

● bound to: certain to / obliged to

I believe the man you are looking for is standing right next to us

I have a feeling that the man standing right next to you is the one you are looking for

X think that hard work is good for you

X think that hard work does you no harm

01 X

is in complete opposition to

mainstream thinking

/ˈmeɪn.striːm/ considered normal, and having or using ideas, beliefs, etc. that are accepted by most people (c2)

X flies in the face of mainstream thinking

● the mainstream: the way of life or set of beliefs accepted by most people:

The new law should allow more disabled people to enter the mainstream of American life.

02 X won’t be happy till she gets Y 03 You’re far more practical than I am

Nothing other than Y will satisfy X

Nowhere else am I as practical as you are

04 There is a risk that he will miss the plane if he waits

05 The plain clothes officer’s boots showed he was a policeman

He risks missing the plane if he waits

The plain clothes policeman’s real identity was given away by his boots

06 It would have been possible for Jane to take us in her car

Jane could have given us a lift / taken us in her car

07 I

can barely cook a meal for myself, so I certainly couldn’t cook for 8 pp

I would struggle to cook (a meal) for myself, let alone for 8 pp

● let alone: used to emphasize that something is more impossible than another thing

08 I hope his story will help us to understand what happened

Hopeful when he tells us his story it will shed light on what happened

09 If I’m being honest, I have to say the the play wasn’t as good as I’d expected

The play fell short of my expectations, to be honest with you

10 I didn’t turn the TV on because I didn’t want to wake the baby

I didn’t turn the TV on for fear of waking the baby ● for fear that/of st: (C2) because you are worried that a particular thing might happen

11 X is unlikely to get the job that he applied for

There is little prospect OF X’s getting the job that...

LINH NGUYEN - 21

X has been thinking about it all day, but he hasn’t made a decision yet

It’s been on X’s mind all day, but ...

13 He still hasn’t recovered from losing his job last year

He still hasn’t got over being fired / made redundant / sacked / dismissed last year

14 X are much more prone to infection than Y

● be prone to st/Ving: to often do something or suffer from

something, especially st bad:

I'm prone to headaches.

He's prone to forgetting things

X pick up infections much more easily

● pick up:

1. get an illness from st or somewhere

2. increase, improve

15 You must try to accept that ….

You must come to terms with the fact that ...

16 No one really expected X to do so well in his exams

Everyone was taken by surprise when X did so well in his exams

17 I explained clearly that I wasn't interested.

I made it quite plain (that) …

● Plain: obvious and clear to understand (c2) ● a plain Jane: a woman or girl who is not

attractive

18 I don’t reckon much to/of (US) their chances of winning

I do not think they will win

Unless you tell the truth, A will be cancelled

Your failure to tell the truth means the cancellation of A

Mary talks in class all the time

Mary is always talking in class

Jane regretted speaking so rudely yo the old lady

Jane wished she had spoken more politely to the old lady

Brian is the splitting image of his

Brian bears a strong resemblance to his father

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father

I really dont see how pp can blame J for what happened

I really dont see how J can be held responsible for what happened

I hate it when pp interrupt me when I’m talking

I can not stand pp interrupting me when I’m talking

She is proud of being able to

She prides herself on her ability to

In 1967 programs began to be

transmitted in color.

1967 saw the advent of the transmission of programs in color.

I don’t have the right qualities for becoming

I am not cut out to be

10 He tried to pretend to be some sort of expert

11 This liver condition is common in those who drink a lot

12 That jumper you knitted for your daughter no longer fits her.

He tried to pass himself off as some sort of expert This liver condition is common IN heavy drinkers

my daughter has grown out of that jumper you knitted for her

13 don't be upset by what she said

14 i promised him that the situation would not be repeated in the future

Don’t take what she said to heart

I gave him my word that there would be no repetition of the situation in the future.

15 X feels uncomfortable in front of all those people

David seems really ill at case in front of all those people.

16 i really admire you for your improvement

I take my hat off to you for your improvement

17 my uncle did not suffer from his experience

My uncle was none the worse for his experience be none the worse (for something): not damaged or harmed despite something:

18 There will always be differences of opinion even between friends

Differences of opinion will always arise even between friends

19 when he was at his most successful the president had enormous influence

At the height of his success, the president had enormous influence.

20 he is a man of extreme honesty

He is an extremely honest man

21 although the papers claim that they are going to get divorced they are not

Contrary to what the papers claim, they are not going to get divorced

LINH NGUYEN - 21

what put me off the idea was simply how expensive it was going to be

The sheer cost/expense was what put me off the idea

23 Trudy was quite relieved when she found out the truth

It was something OF A RELIEF to Trudy when ...

24 i have frequently made stupid mistakes like that

Many's the time that I have made stupid mistakes like that

I'm not friendly with him; in fact, I hardly even know him

Far from being on friendly terms with him, I hardly even know him

26 attendance at the exhibition has been down this year

- The exhibition has been poorly attended this year - The exhibition has not been so well attended this

27 he prefers living in the centre of the city to living in the suburbs

28 Alan went to London so that she could brush up her E

Rather than live in the suburbs, he would prefer to live in the

Alan’s reason for going to London was that she wanted to brush up...

29 Celia finally managed to buy her own house after years of saving

30 My boss says I can use his car whenever I want to, so long as I’m careful

ONLY AFTER years of saving DID Celia manage to ...

My boss says his car is AT MY DISPOSAL so long as I’m careful

*so long as = as long as

The news was a shock to us

We were TAKEN ABACK by the news

32 James realised that he could never be an architect

James realised that he WASN’T CUT OUT TO BE an architect

● not be cut out for sth (C2)

to not be the right type of person for something: I'm not cut out for an of ice job.

What he told me made me very curious to hear the rest of the story

/ˈek.sɝːpt/

- I've read an excerpt of the

book on the Web and it's

whetted my appetite.

What he told me WHETTED MY APPETITE for the rest of the story

● whet sb's appetite

P: to increase someone's interest in and wish for something, usually by giving them a small

experience of it

34 I don’t mind staying in on a Sat night

I’m not AVERSE TO staying in ...

LINH NGUYEN - 21

if I have good company

(I’m not averse to = I like)

What put me off the idea was simply how expensive it was going to be

The sheer expense / cost was what.. * sheer: complete (emphasized)

Trudy was quite relieved when she found out the truth

It was something OF A RELIEF to Trudy when ...

37 The brochure gives hardly any useful information

Precious little useful information is given in the brochure

● precious: very (inf)

Lots of people will start, but precious few will finish.

38 If you don’t pay on time, your booking will be cancelled

Failure to pay on time will RESULT IN your booking being cancelled

39 You’ll have to spend at least $500 to get that sort of camera

40 Since the first ad, we’ve had more applications than we can deal with

You won’t get that sort of camera less than $500

Since …, we’ve been swamped with applications.

*swamp: too much, too big that cannot be easily dealt with

Foreign cars have swamped the UK market. Don't let feelings of depression swamp you.

If clothes swamp you, they are much too big for you. (inf)

41 It’s a mystery where the tribe originated

The origins of the tribe are shrouded in mystery / secrecy

Neil frequently breaks his promises

Neil frequently GOES BACK ON his word

43 The public reaction to the Pre’s announcement surprised everyone

Everyone was taken aback by the

She speaks French quite well

She HAS A GOOD COMMAND OF French (Have the ability to use/ control; have mastery of)

There is no way he got the news from me as we haven’t spoken

It can’t have been me who passed on the news to him as we

LINH NGUYEN - 21

You can’t escape your responsibilities so easily, you know

You can’t WRIGGLE OUT OF your responsibilities ...

(inf) to avoid doing something that you do not want to do:

He promised he'd help me paint the living room, but now he's trying to wriggle out of it.

47 Nobody ever takes time off in this company

It is unheard of for anyone to take...

48 There has been an annual festival here for hundreds of years

Since/From time IMMEMORIAL there has … here -> for a very long time (literary)

49 The new director seems to be excellent at fielding awkward questions

I must reject this plan

It didn’t escape his attention/notice that she was upset

52 There’s nothing more to be done about this matter

The new director seems to HAVE A FLAIR FOR fielding ….

* (phr) to be very skilful at st

*field (answer) to deal with a question, often by not answering it directly

I will have to reject ...

He couldn’t help noticing that ...

Nothing more can be done ...

53 A new car is twice as expensive as a second-hand one

A new car is twice the price of a ...

54 I

don’t seem to be able to understand this instruction

I can’t GET MY HEAD ROUND this instruction

55 David doesn’t seem to be able to get on top of the new computer system

● be on top of/get on top of :

dealing with st successfully.

...the government's inability to get on top of the situation.

● get on top of someone

so upset that cannot deal with:

She's had a few financial problems, and I think things have just been getting on top of her.

David doesn’t seem to be able to GET TO GRIPS WITH the new…

to make an effort to understand and deal with a problem or situation: (c2)

The president has failed to come to grips with the two most important social issues of our time. I can't seem to get to grips with this problem.

LINH NGUYEN - 21

Angela is just recovering from a nasty bout of flu

a short period of illness or

involvement in an activity:

Angela is just GETTING OVER a …

UK a bout of flu ; US a bout with the flu

drinking bout

Maggie’s little boy is just learning to put on his own clothes

….to get dressed by himself

58 The little joke really caused a lot of trouble for me

The little joke really GOT ME INTO DEEP WATER ● be in / get into deep water: in serious trouble

59 Molly finds it difficult to accept the idea that her daughter is grown up

…. to get used to the idea ...

60 Only when it got dark did Paolo decide to make his way back home

It was not until DARKNESS FELL that Paolo made up his mind to ….

61 There is a rumour that the company lost over 20 million dollars during the price war

The company is rumoured to have sustained a loss / losses of over….

to suffer or experience, especially damage or loss (f) She sustained multiple injuries in the accident. Most buildings sustained only minimal damage in the earthquake

The role played by the PR company in securing the government contract was never acknowledged officially

* secure a contract = get a contract

At no time was there official acknowledgement of the role the PR company played securing the government contract

63 Don’t let Sarah’s carefree attitude deceive you; she is an extremely conscientious worker

● carefree (c2)

having no problems or not being worried about anything:

I remember my carefree student days.

Don’t let yourself BE TAKEN IN by Sarah’s…

● A happy-go-lucky person does not plan much and accepts what happens without becoming worried.

● conscientious (c1)

/ˌkɑːn.ʃiˈen.ʃəs/

putting a lot of effort into your work:

a conscientious student

Joe would only agree to continue the trip if he could drive instead of Paul

Joe insisted on TAKING OVER FROM Paul as the driver before he would agree to continue the trip ● take over:

to begin to do something that someone else was doing Can you take over the cooking while I walk the dog?

He surprised me very much when he said he loved me

He TOOK MY BREATH AWAY when he … (B2) to be extremely beautiful or surprising: The beauty of the Taj Mahal took my breath away.

LINH NGUYEN - 21

He didn’t hesitate to recommend me for the job

He MADE NO BONES ABOUT recommending me for the job

not try to hide something or say you are sorry about it: He makes no bones about the fact that his apartment is a mess.

The local council has considered mass tourism (as) the cause of the

environmental problems

The local council has PUT THE BLAME ON mass tourism FOR the cause of …

hiện tượng một điểm đến du lịch phát triển quá nóng, thu hút quá nhiều du khách đến cùng một lúc (vd tình trạng quá tải trong mùa cao điểm du lịch.)

68 It is quite urgent that he hold this meeting

The meeting should be held as a matter of urgency

69 Ally’s wife said that he had to start being interested in their kids’lives

Ally’s wife said that IT WAS TIME he showed an interest in ….

70 Immediately after his arrival home a water-heater exploded

71 Rita doesn’t realize how serious her husband’s operation is going to be

Hardly had he arrived home when ...a water-heater exploded

Little does Rita realize ...

72 A waiter spilled soup over Lydia’s new dress last night

73 Jane’s husband will be returning from South America quite soon

Lydia had some soup spilled over her new dress by a waiter last night

It won’t be long AFTER Jane’s husband returns from South America

74 Martin may be not very well but she still manages to enjoy life

Martin’s poor health doesn’t prevent/stop him from enjoying life

75 He began by giving us a summary of his progress so far

At the outset, he gave us a summary of his progress so far

76 I think we ought to permit him to do whatever he chooses

I think we should give him a free hand

P: to make your own decisions about how you want to do something:

The students were given a free hand as far as designing their product was concerned.

77 I resent the way that she clearly feels herself to be superior to me

I resent the way that she looks down her nose at me ● resent Ving: angry, upset about Ving

78 After two hours the bride had still not arrived

After two hours there was still no sign of the bride.

79 Frank doesn’t care if Jean leaves or stays

Whatever Jean does is all right with Frank

LINH NGUYEN - 21

Marie distrusts modern technology strongly

P: (not trust)

Marie has a strong distrust of modern tech

81 Absolute secrecy was crucial to the success of the mission

Without absolute secrecy, the mission wouldn’t have succeeded

82 You could be arrested for not giving a breath sample to the police

Refusal to give a breath sample could lead to your arrest

83 The house was dirty because no one bothered to keep it clean

The house was dirty because no one took the trouble to keep it clean

84 A did everything he could to exploit the situation

A …. to take advantage of the ...

85 He bought a new jacket without having planned to do

He bought …. on the spur of the moment

86 They have discovered some interesting new information

87 I find Harold’s behaviour quite incomprehensible

Most people know that becoming an actor is difficult

Some … has come to light

= (be known publicly)

I am at a loss to understand Harold’s behaviour It is common knowledge that ...

89 Because of its price, the book may never become a bestseller

The price of this book may prevent it (from) becoming / being a bestseller // its becoming / being s bestseller

90 It was such an impressive painting that I had an irresistible urge to buy it

It was so impressive a painting that ...

91 His rude behavior is too much for me

I can’t put up with his rude behavior

92 Tony’s very charming, but I wouldn’t trust him

Charming as Tony is, I ...

93 Local residents said they were against the new traffic scheme

Local residents expressed their disapproval of ...

94 Jenny didn’t feel like going to the party

Jenny wasn’t in the mood to / was in no mood to go / for going to the party

95 He always makes everything look so dif icult

He always makes heavy weather of everything P: have unnecessary difficulty in dealing with st (inf)

96 Being her only niece, Ann is very precious to her

…., Ann is the apple of her eye

P: the person who someone loves most and is very

LINH NGUYEN - 21

proud of (old-f)

Carol has trouble communicating her ideas to others

Carol has trouble getting her ideas across

She tends to become very angry when she sees X being treated badly

She tends to see red when ...

99 There has been a belief that she ...

It has been believed that...

Her hobby is one thing that she doesn’t intend to give up

She has no intention of giving up her hobby

01 There is no point in seeing that film

That film ISN’T worth seeing

02 It snowed so they cancelled the flight

The flight was cancelled owing to the snow

03 The news that he would be going to U

The news of HIS GOING to ...

04 We must think about ways of ...

It isn’t possible that X was absent from work today

06 I haven’t been swimming for nearly a year

Thought must be given to ways of ...

X must have been at work today

The last time I went swimming was nearly a year ago

It doesn’t matter which ...

08 Should they strike the consultant off, she will

It makes no difference which ...

Should she be struck off, the consultant will P: Xóa bỏ giấy phép chuyên ngành của ai đó

09 It was much of a Y than a Z

It was not so much a Z as a Y

10 He threatened the X with violence

He made threats of violence against the X

11 X is very likely to be promoted

X stands on a good chance of being promoted

12 His whole life was one of deceit and treachery

Throughout his life he was deceitful and treacherous ● /ˈtretʃ.ɚ.i/ : behaviour that deceives/ is not loyal to sb who trusts you

13 Only X know the details

Knowledge of the details is limited / restricted to X

14 There’s nothing new about X

X is as old as the hills

15 I never thought that we’d have X

It never crossed my mind that ...

16 X leaked the story to the world press

The world press got wind of the story from X

17 Does he know enough X to ...

Is his knowledge of X good enough for him to ….

LINH NGUYEN - 21

My friend claim that the exhibition was interesting but I found it pretty dull

It wasn’t as interesting an exhibition as my friend had claimed

19 X were not only slightly insulting, but they were extremely inaccurate

X were not so much insulting as inaccurate

20 X has imposed a ban on private e-mails

What X has done is imposed ….

/ɪmˈpoʊz/ : to officially force

21 I was expecting X to be a lot more expensive than it is

X is nowhere near as expensive as I (had) expected it to be

22 Due to the difficulty of the Q asked, he only narrowly missed failing the exam

The Q were so difficult that he only just managed to scrape through the exam

P: to succeed in something but with a lot of difficulty

23 There was uncertainty over the animal’s ability to pull through after the operation

When X told Y they were wrong, they left immediately

It was touch and go whether the animal would survive the operation

● touch-and-go (inf)

X told Y they were wrong, AT WHICH POINT they left

25 What makes X different from the others is its long history

26 She got up very early this morning

What sets X apart from the others is...

She got up at the crack of dawn (c2)

27 I can’t remember having

I have no recollection of having (c2 - a memory of st)

28 From what we have been told, the victim has left hospital and is

recovering rapidly

The victim is understood to be out of hospital and is recovering quickly

29 She is well-known for her vast knowledge of ...

She is authority on …

/əˈθɔːr.ə.t̬i/ (c2 - expert)

30 As the merry-go-round picked up speed, the children’s shrieks grew ever more piercing

● /ʃriːk/ = thét

● piercing = feeling or seeming very sharp or powerful:

He had piercing blue eyes.

She let out a piercing (= loud) shriek.

The faster the merry-go-round span, the more piercingly the children shrieked

● merry-go-round (n): Đu quay thú nhún

● spin (- span - spun): turning round very quickly ● spick and span: (place) very clean and tidy: Their house is always spick and span.

31 Another five years were to pass before she saw her brother again

Not until five years had gone by did she see her brother again

LINH NGUYEN - 21

We found the key we’d been looking for lying under the sofa

There, under the sofa, lay the missing key

33 X was very angry with Y

X blew up at Y ( = suddenly become very angry - inf)

34 X said that the situation was like a Y

X LIKENED the situation TO a Y

35 My mom never thinks of ...

The idea of … is never in my mom’s thought

36 These wine bottles have many ...

There are many … FROM these ...

37 The crops were badly affected by X

X had/made a bad effect on the crops

38 We couldn’t find X anywhere

X was nowhere to be found

39 The X was held despite Y

The X took place despite Y

40 You should make an effort to get out and about more

He spent time setting up an exhibition of costumes from all periods of history

It’s high time you GOT…

● out and about:

1. out and at different places

2. active; doing the things you usually do:

The doctor says she's making a good recovery, and she should be out and about in a few days' time.

He was EMPLOYED IN setting up … costumes DOWN THE AGES

● be employed in Ving: spend time Ving

● down (through) the ages: Through time. During many periods.

42 When the goods arrived at the shop, they are inspected carefully

On arriving at the shop, the goods are inspected carefully

43 Those stores will probably accept a credit card instead of cash

It is possible that those stores accept a credit card as an alternative TO cash

Even if she runs really fast, Tina won’t get to school on time

No matter how fast she runs, Tina ...

45 Joe was very surprised to see Jack walk into the room

Joe was taken completely by surprise when Jack walked

(not taken aback bc it’ll have to be: completely taken aback while the test gives “joe was taken …” )

46 Lots more people have been shopping online this year

There has been a sharp increase in the number of people shopping online this year

47 X should think about experience when hiring new staff

X should take experience into consideration when hiring new staff

LINH NGUYEN - 21

I wish people wouldn’t talk ... - it makes me really uptight

/ˈʌpˈtɑɪt/ : nervous, anxious, or worried; angry (inf)

It really gets on my nerves when people talking … P: annoy - make sb angry, upset (slightly)

49 I

get bored with the match halfway through

(be halfway through Ving/st: 50% process)

I lost my interest in the match halfway through

50 John has hinted that he doesn’t wish to remain in the group any longer

John has dropped / given a hint that he no longer wishes to

51 I do not understand why he has been involved in lots of dif erent activities

I do not understand why he has had a finger in every pie

52 It’s quite common

It’s by no means uncommon

53 Initially, everybody believed his story but now they think he was lying

54 We only came to this restaurant because you insisted that we did so

He is now believed to have made up/dreamt up the story

It was at your insistence that we came to this restaurant

55 I’ve become extremely good at missing the rush hour over the last few weeks

I’ve got missing the rush hour down to a fine art over the last few weeks

P: have/have got sth down to a fine art

(UK also: have sth off to a fine art)

to be able to do something very well or quickly, often because you have done it so many times

56 It’s crucial for us to control the juvenile inmates in a very strict way

It’s crucial for us to keep a tight rein on the juvenile inmates

keep a tight rein on sb/sth = keep sb/sth on a tight rein

to have a lot of control over someone or something

57 His excuse for such bad behavior has little ef ect on her

His excuse for such bad behavior cuts no ice with her

58 You made an embarrassing mistake when you asked him where ...

You put your foot in it / in your mouth when …

put your foot in it (UK)

(US put your foot in your mouth)

to say something by accident that embarrasses or upsets someone

LINH NGUYEN - 21

I feel I am not being treated fairly

I feel I am getting / being given a raw deal

bad or unfair treatment: He said that many children in the city's schools were getting/being given a raw deal by being taught in classes that were too large.

60 If children were allowed to do what they wanted, they would probably play games all day

If children were left to their own devices, they would.. P: to allow someone to make their own decisions about what to do: He seemed to be a responsible person, so I left him to his own devices.

61 I

don’t conceal my loathing for war /ˈloʊ.ðɪŋ/ C2 a strong feeling of hating someone or something

I make no secret of my loathing for war

62 X and Y did not get on well

X was not on good terms with Y

63 The fourth time he asked her to marry him, she accepted

64 I shall never lend X any money, no matter what happens

Only on his fourth proposal did she accept (to marry) him

Under no circumstances will/shall I (ever) lend X any money

65 Do you think X will be able to come here?

66 The likelihood of their having any work to offer me in the foreseeable future is nil

● nil = nothing

Is there any possibility that X will come here?

It is not at all likely that they have any work to offer me..

67 He shouted as loudly as he could, but nobody heard him

He shouted at the top of his voice, but nobody heard him

68 His French has improved so much that he is virtually fluent now

His French has improved to such a degree that he is virtually (=almost) fluent now

69 X is not at all afraid about ...

… holds no fear for X

70 X was the only member of staff not to attend the farewell party (tiệc chia tay)

With the exception of X every member of / all the staff attended

71 Have you decided to enter the competition?

Have you decided to go in for the ...

( compete / enjoy / do sth regularly )

72 If I were you, I wouldn’t tell

You had better not tell

73 It is thought that X is considering

X is thought to be considering

LINH NGUYEN - 21

I was very annoyed by his

What really annoyed me was his

75 I really like her voice but not her choice of songs

Much as I like her voice, I don’t like her choice of songs

76 Quite by chance, X met Y at

X ran into Y at

● run into SB : meet by chance

● run across ST: find by chance

It took me a long time to recover from my illness

It took me a long time to get over my illness

78 You’ll just have to learn to accept the facts

You’ll just have to face up to the facts

It has always been her ambition to write a successful novel

She has always dreamt of writing a successful novel

80 You got lost because you didn’t do what I told you

81 I’ll only leave the waiter some money if he’s quick

82 Was it necessary for you to make a fuss ABOUT … ?

P: To have an excessive reaction to someone or something.

It you had followed my instruction, you wouldn’t have got lost

I won’t tip the waiter unless he’s quick

You should not have made a song and dance about ● make a fuss OF sb

(mainly US make a fuss over sb)

to give someone a lot of attention and treat them well ● make a song and dance about st

make something seem more important than it really is so that everyone notices it (UK inf)

- I only asked her to move her car but she made such a song and dance about it.

83 The laborers decided to take industrial action to show support for their sacked workmate

P: an occasion when workers do something that is intended to force an employer to agree to something, especially by stopping work:

- Workers at the plant are

threatening industrial action.

The laborers decided to DOWN TOOLS in support of their sacked workmate

● down tools: to refuse to continue working, especially because you are not satisfied with your pay or working conditions (UK)

84 You aren’t particularly cooperative. That’s why your colleagues didn’t respect you

Were you more cooperative, your colleagues would have held you in high esteem (admire, very respect ) ● particularly: very or very much; especially

LINH NGUYEN - 21

He didn’t admit that he was the thief until he was caught red-handed