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ĐỀ THI VÀ ĐÁP ÁN
A. MULTIPLECHOICE (40 PTS)
I. Grammar and Structures (5 pts) Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
1. Her mother told her not to be too _______and advised her to try to do things herself. A. dependable B. depending C. dependent D. independent
2.Give me your telephone number _______I need your help.
A. in case B. so that C. unless D. whether
3.The question was easy enough, but _______students could answer it.
A. a little B. few C. a few D. a great number of 4._______the cave was found, millions of visitors from many countries have come to look at its beauty.
A. When B. Since C. While D. Unless
5. This is the stone bed _______the king had lain before he died in the 14th century. A. however B. of which C. wherever D. where 6. The coal and steel industries are among the productions_______ by the government. A. control B. to control C. controlling D. controlled 7. I apologize. I shouldn’t_______ my temper.
A. have made B. have lost C. have showed D. have given 8. When you are in a western country, your host may open a wrapped gift in front of you. Opening a present in front of the gift-giver is _______ polite.
A. acquired B. considered C. known D. called 9.Even if the host doesn’t like a present, he or she will tell a “white lie” and say _______ they like the gift to prevent the guest from feeling bad.
A. how often B. what C. for what D. how much
10._______ the low rainfall this year, the crops did not produce a high yield.
A. Since B. Despite C. Due to D. Because ANSWER: 1. C 2.A 3. B 4. B 5. D 6.D 7. B 8. B 9. D 10. C
II. Phrasal verbs and Prepositions (5 pts) Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
11. The color of your shirt does not _______ that of your trousers.
A. suit B. fit C. harmonize D. match 12.Expressing one’s _______is one skill that the school can really teach.
A. thinking B. thoughts C. thoughtfulness D. thoughtlessness 13.You are not allowed to drive _______the influence _______ alcohol.
A. under/of B. in/of C. under/by D. by/in 14.She was overwhelmed with honor _______ recognition _______ her bravery. A. with/of B. on/in C. by/about D. in/of 15._______exception _______ the little baby, everybody in my family has to jog every morning. A. With/to B. With/of C. In/of D. By/on 16.The staff can’t take leaves at the same time. They have to take holidays _______rotation. 1
A. on B. under C. by D. in
17.The interviewees are supposed to give their answers to the job offers _______. A. on the spot B. all in all C. beyond the joke D. with in reach 18.The children often make _______ of Charles, which annoys his parents very much. A. allowance B. fun C. way D. consideration 19. The picnic was cancelled __________________ bad weather.
A. in case of B. on condition C. because D. on account of 20.As a model, you have to _______ the art of walking in high heels.
A. master B. grasp C. study D. gain
ANSWER: 11. D 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. B 16. D 17. A 18. B 19. D 20. A
III. Vocabulary (10 pts) Choose the best option to complete the following sentences
21. I was really looking forward to going to the game and I could hardly wait until the _____ day came.
A. grand B. big C. major D. huge 22. This disagreement is likely to _____ relations between the two countries. A. disaffect B. alienate C. sour D. estrange 23. I don’t want to be too ___ on Alice, but I think I should tell that her work isn’t good enough. A. strict B. firm C. stern D. hard 24. Once the story _____ the headlines , everyone was talking about it.
A. crashed B. struck C. smashed D. hit 25. If I’m late for work again .I’ll be_____ a severe warning from my boss. A. up to B. in for C. into D. after 26. Their flat is _____ of a place I used to live in .
A. mindful B. reminiscent C. memorable D. retrospective 27. Of all the paintings in the gallery, it was this one that really _____ my eye. A. grasped B. snatched C. caught D. seized
28. Both the favourite and then the second favourite pulled out. Naturally, we thought we were ________ a chance.
A. un with B. in for C. in with D. up for
29. Despite all the interruptions, he _____ with his work
A. stuck at B. held on C. hung out D. pressed on 30. Nobody is quite sure what_____ him to such extreme behavior
A. shoved B. thrust C. pressed D. drove
31. I can’t understand why you have to make such a _____ about something so unimportant. A. mess B. stir C. fuss D. bother
32. Despite being a very good student , she didn’t fulfill her _____later in life. A. makings B. potential C. capability D. aptitude 33. You’re having problems now but I’m sure things will change _____the better soon. 2
A. on B. to C. by D. for
34. You can’t ______that criticism to all teachers!
A. apply B. employ C. associate D. lay 35. It’s not easy to make Stanley furious, the boy is very gentle by ______ .
A. himself B. personality C. reaction D. nature 36.This evidence should prove ______ that he was telling the truth .
A. once and for all B. now and then C. over and above D. from time to time 37. If you _____any problems when you arrive at the airport, give me a ring.
A. come about B. catch on C. run into D. face up 38. The Kenyan runner set off with a _____ in the 5000 metres.
A .blistering speed B. dizzy speed C.blistering pace D. dizzy pace 39. Poor management brought the company to the _____of collapse.
A. brink B. rim C. fringe D. make for 40. Josh was terribly nervous before the exam but he managed to pull himself _____and act confidently
A. through B. over C. together D. off
ANSWER
:
21.A 22.C 23.D 24.D 25.B 26.B 27.C 28.C 29.D 30.D 31.C 32.B 33.D 34.A 35.D 36.A 37.C 38.C 39.A 40. C
IV. Guided Cloze Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space
Passage A: Read the following passage and choose the best answer to fill in the blanks. Fill each numbered blank with one suitable word from the list given below.
The shark is a meat- eating fish and one of the most feared animals of the sea. Scientists (41) ………… about 250 species of fish as sharks. These fish live in oceans (42)………..the world, but they are most common in warm seas.
Sharks (43)………….greatly in size and habits. Whale sharks, the largest kind of shark, may grow 60 feet long. A whale shark weighs up to 15 tons, more than twice (44)…………….much as an African elephant. The smallest shark may (45)…………..only 4 inches long and weigh less than 1 ounce. Some kinds of sharks live in the depths of the ocean, but (46)……………are found near the surface. Some species live in coastal waters, but others (47)……………far out at sea. A few species can even live in (48)…………..water.
All sharks are carnivores (meat- eaters). Most of them eat (49)…………fish, including other sharks. A shark’s only natural enemy is a large shark. Sharks eat their prey whole, or they tear off large chunks of flesh. They also (50)………………..on dead or dying animals. 41.A. classify B. divide C. organize D. arrange 42.A. all B. through C. throughout D. over 43.A. grow B. rise C. evolve D. vary 44. A. as B. so C. very D. exactly 45.A. stretch B. measure C. develop D. expand
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46.A. some others B. others C. different kinds D. some sharks 47.A. dwell B. exist C. emigrate D. migrate 48.A. fresh B. sweet C. light D. clear 49.A. uncooked B. live C. lively D. alive 50. A. eat B. swallow C. exist D. feed
ANSWER: 41. A 42. C 43. D 44. A 45. B 4 6. B 47. A 48. A 49. B 50. D
Passage B : Read the text below and decide which answer A, B, C or D best fits each space. Write your answer (A, B, C or D) in the numbered box.
One of the hazards that electronic media like the television, radio or computers (51) _____ these days is the decline in book reading.
The concern (52) _____ mainly to the younger generations who are strongly tempted by the glamour of the silver screen and, consequently, don’t (53) _____ the importance of acquiring first hand information from books.
To (54) _____ reading for pleasure and to propagate a wide array of publications like encyclopedias reference books manuals or fiction, radical solutions should be applied. Firstly, more (55) _____ ought to be put on the educational factor. Youngsters should be made to feel comfortable while reading either for information or self-satisfaction in public place like airports, buses or on the beach. Secondly, libraries must be subsidized more accurately in order to provide the potential reader with (56) _____ choice of publications and to be come more publically active so as to put books at people’s (57) _____ rather than keep them under lock and key. Fund collecting actions organized by libraries might also raise the public awareness of the advantages of becoming (58) _____ in a good book.
Finally, the mass media themselves might contribute substantially by recommending the purchase of valuable best-sellers and inspiring their viewers to (59) _____ their knowledge and erudition, and thus help them to (60) _____ the habit of spontaneous every reading. 51. A. denote B. play C. arise D. pose
52. A. indicates B. affects C. applies D. embodies 53. A. observe B. recognize C. view D. distinguish 54. A. incite B. revert C. instill D. encourage 55. A. emphasis B. persistence C. focus D. relevance 56. A. prolific B. ample C. lavish D. lush
57. A. available B. disposal C. benefit D. usage 58. A. occupied B. inhaled C. engrossed D. incorporated 59. A. enrich B. magnify C. arouse D. elaborate 60. A. grow B. evolve C. proceed D. develop
ANSWER:
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51. D
52. C
53.B
54. D
55. A
56. B
57. B
58. C
59. A
60. D
V. Reading Comprehension (10 pts) Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question
Passage A: Read the text and think of a word that best fits each gap. Use ONLY ONE word in each gap.
PREPARING FOR THE THREAT
It is an unfortunate fact that over the past 20 years , around 260 million people a year have been affected by natural disasters around the world . Regrettably , a vast majority of the victims of this staggering number are from developing countries . Whether it be earthquakes , tornadoes , floods , volcanoes or tsunamis , over the past twenty years , natural disasters have been happening more frequently and affecting more people than ever before . It follows that the international community should address the issue of ‘disaster preparedness’ and establish a process by which natural disasters are dealt with .
On December 26 , 2004 , a massive earthquake centered off the coast of the Indonesian Island of Sumatra caused a series of deadly tsunamis in the Indian Ocean . The damage from this extraordinary disaster was estimated to be in the vicinity of US$13 billion – the equivalent to the combined GDP of the world’s developing countries for an entire year . In a matter of seconds , the tsunami waves wiped out the long years of struggle for development , and the world was once again reminded of the fearsome and destructive power of natural disasters.
The United Nations designated the 1990s as the International Decade for Natural Disaster Reduction , and has been active in promoting and developing international cooperation on disaster preparedness. The UN’s Yokohama Strategy for a Safer World : Guidelines for Natural Disaster Prevention , Preparedness and Mitigation was adopted in 1994. Among the guidelines , developing countries are encouraged to organise and implement their domestic resources for disaster reduction activities and donor developed countries are encouraged to give greater priority to disaster prevention , mitigation and preparedness in their assistance programs and budgets , including through increasing financial contributions.
In January , 2005 the UN World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) met in Kobe , Hyogo Prefecture to discuss and debate how the international community should address issues of disaster preparedness and mitigation. The meeting itself attended by over 4,000 delegates representating some 168 countries occurred almost 10 years to the day after the Great Hanshin earthquake in Kobe . The January meeting of the WCDR in Kobe provided experts and scientists from over 150 countries , government officials , Non-Government Organisation (NGOs) and United Nations representatives an opportunity to review the Yokohama Strategy . It recorded on the the 2005-15 Yokohama Strategy Action Plan that participant countries and agencies should word over the next 10 years to reduce vulnerability to natural disasters . The Action Plan encourages as a first step , the integration of disaster prevention programs in all development and policy-making plans for all countries . Jim Edgeland , UN representative stated , “Disaster risk reduction is not an additional expense – it is an essential investment in our common future . But the benefits of this investment will be calculated not only in dollars or euros or yen saved , but most importantly , in saved lives in every corner of the globe.”
Perhaps the most significant work done at the WCDR meetings was the drafting and adoption of the Hyogo Declaration. This document expresses the united determination of the international community to rely not only on advanced technology or facilities for disaster preparedness , but on a people centered early warning system. The people-centered system requires effective communication and education in the building of disaster-resilient countries and communities .
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As the intergovernmental panels of the WCDR were meeting , the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Forum was also underway . The earthquake measuring a magnitude of 7.3 , led to the loss of over 6,400 lives and widespread destruction affecting some 460,000 households . This public forum offered a variety of sessions , during which the lessons learned from the disastrous earthquake were discussed . Earthquake expert Professor Tomohiro Kawata said , “Because this disaster happened over a decade ago , the memory of the devastation can be forgotten . Part of our gathering here today is to make sure that we do not forget what happened back in 1995.” Also included were some personal stories from the earthquake victims themselves . Earthquake victim Kumiho Nagota told attendees that her house collapsed in the Kobe earthquake and she was trapped under it. She tried to call for help but after a while she lost her voice and just had to wait there until help came . Attendees were told of how the town mobilised to facilitate recovery and reconstruction. An exhibition hall showed pictures of mounds of rubble produced by the earthquake as well as a display of objects donated by earthquake victims including a broken clock and a child’s toy that melted in the fires caused by the earthquake . Said Kawata , “As well as being a memorial , our facility and, indeed this forum , is a place to learn from earthquake experiences and incorporate the things we learned into our preparations for future disasters”. During the forum , it was agreed that in May 2005 , a new hub for the coordination of international disaster recovery support activities would be established in Kobe. (Expert on Cambridge IELTS practice tests)
61. According to the passage , reducing the risk of disasters is important because A. countries can then focus on growth and development.
B. communities will be drawn together in support of each other.
C. help international communities to be more economically stable.
D. it will save lives and money .
62. According to the writer , the most important outcome of the World Conference on Disaster Reduction (WCDR) was the
A. discussion and debate amongst the international community attendees.
B. chance for participants to review the Yokohama Strategy.
C. writing and acceptance of the Hyogo Declaration.
D. acknowledgement that disaster risk reduction is an investment in the future. 63. The town of Kobe was effectively rebuilt due to
A. the support of the United Nations. B. the people of Kobe. C. the Government of Japan D. the leadership of Professor Kawata 64. The stated purpose of the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake Forum was
A. to help others be better prepared for any future natural disasters.
B. for people to learn more about natural disasters.
C. to remember the Kobe earthquake of 1995.
D. for people to remember and learn from what happened.
65. Natural disasters mostly have influenced on people.............................
A. all over the world B. in developed countries
C. from developing countries D. The United States.
ANSWER: 61. D 62. C 63. B 64. D 65. C
Passage B: Read the passage below then pick out ONE best option ( A,B,C or D ) in each question
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Most educational specialists believe that early schooling should provide children with an awareness of their own abilities and the self-confidence to use their abilities. One approach recognized by many experts as promoting these qualities is the Montessori Method, first practiced by Maria Montessori of Italy in the early 1900s. Nancy McCormick Ram Busch is credited with popularizing the method in the United States, where today there are over 400 Montessori schools.
The method helps children learn for themselves by providing them with instructional materials and tasks that facilitate acts of discovery and manipulation. Through such exploration, children develop their sense of touch and learn how to do everyday tasks without adult assistance. Other benefits include improvement in language skills, and acquaintance with elements of science, music, and art.
66. What is the main purpose of this passage?
A. To explain the role of early education in child development
B. To describe the development of the Montessori Method
C. To discuss the life and work of Maria Montessori
D. To demonstrate how children learn social and cultural values
67. According to the passage, who was first responsible for spreading the Montessori method in the USA?
A. Nancy McCormick Ram Busch B. A prominent educational expert C. Maria Montessori D. An administrator in the Department of Education 68. Which of the following is not mentioned as a benefit of the Montessori method? A. Development of tactile senses B. Improvement of language ability C. Capacity to perform adult tasks D. Knowledge of arts and sciences 69. The author of this passage probably feels that Montessori method ______. A. has little long-lasting benefit for children B. will lose its popularity in the United States. C. does not accomplish what it claims to achieve D. is an effective means of child education 70. The following paragraph most likely discusses_______.
A. another education approach beneficial to children B. details on the life of Maria Montessori C. additional practitioners of the Montessori method D. elements of science, music, and art.
ANSWER:
66.B 67.A 68.C 69.D 70.A
Passage C: Read the passage below and choose the best answer to each question. Write your answer (A, B, C or D) in the numbered box.
COMMUNICATING WITH THE FUTURE
In the 1980s the United States Department of Energy was looking for suitable sites to bury radioactive waste material generated by its nuclear energy programs. The government was considering burying the dangerous wastes in deep underground chambers in remote desert areas. The problem, however, was that nuclear waste remains highly radioactive for thousands of years. The commission entrusted with tackling the problem of waste disposal was aware that the dangers posed by radioactive emissions must be communicated to our descendants of at least 10,000 years hence. So the task became one of finding a way to tell future societies about the risk posed by these deadly deposits.
Of course, human society in the distant future may be well aware of the hazards of radiation. Technological advances may one day provide the solutions to this dilemma. But the belief in constant technological advancement is based on our perceptions of advances made throughout history and
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prehistory. We cannot be sure that society won’t have slipped backward into an age of barbarism due to any of several catastrophic events, whether the result of nature such as the onset of a new ice age or perhaps mankind’s failure to solve the scourges of war and pollution. In the event of global catastrophe, it is quite possible that humans of the distant future will be on the far side of a broken link of communication and technological understanding.
The problem then becomes how to inform our descendants that they must avoid areas of potential radioactive seepage given that they may not understand any currently existing language and may have no historical or cultural memory. So, any message indicated to future reception and decipherment must be as universally understandable as possible.
It was soon realized by the specialists assigned the task of devising the communication system that material in which the message was written might not physically endure the great lengths of time demanded. The second law of thermodynamics shows that all material disintegrates over time. Even computers that might carry the message cannot be expected to endure long enough. Besides, electricity supplies might not be available in 300 generations. Other media storage methods were considered and rejected for similar reasons.
The task force under the linguist Thomas Sebeok finally agreed that no foolproof way would be found to send a message across so many generations and have it survive physically and be decipherable by a people with few cultural similarities to us. Given this restriction, Sebeok suggested the only possible solution was the formation of a committee of guardians of knowledge. Its task would be to dedicate itself to maintaining and passing the knowledge of the whereabouts and dangers of the nuclear waste deposits. This so-called atomic priesthood would be entrusted with keeping knowledge of this tradition alive through millennia and developing the tradition into a kind of mythical taboo forbidding people to tamper in a way with the nuclear waste sites. Only the initiated atomic priesthood of experts would have the scientific knowledge to fully understand the danger. Those outside the priesthood would be kept away by a combination of rituals and legends designed to warn off intruders.
This proposal has been criticized because of the possibility of a break in continuity of the original message. Furthermore, there is no guarantee that any warning or sanction passed on for millennia would be obeyed, nor that it could survive with its original meaning intact. To counterbalance this possibility, Sebeok’s group proposed a “relay system” in which information is passed on over relatively short periods of time, just three generations ahead. The message then to be renewed and redesigned if necessary for the following three generations and so on over the required time span. In this way information could be relayed into the future and avoid the possibility of physical degradation.
A second defect is more difficult to dismiss, however. This is the problem of social exclusiveness brought about through possession of vital knowledge. Critics point out that the atomic priesthood could use its secret knowledge to control those who are scientifically ignorant. The establishment of such an association of insiders holding powerful knowledge not available except in mythic form to non-members would be a dangerous precedent for future social developments.
71. The word "chambers" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. partitions B. openings C. cavities D. fissures 72. What problem faced the commission assigned to deal with the burial of nuclear waste? A. How to reduce the radioactive life of nuclear waste materials
B. How to form a committee that could adequately express various nuclear risks 8
C. How to notify future generations of the risks of nuclear contamination
D. How to choose burial sites so as to minimize dangers to people.
73. In paragraph 2, the author explains the possible circumstances of future societies A. to warn about the possible natural catastrophe
B. to question the value of advances
C. to highlight humankind's inability to resolve problems
D. to demonstrate the reason nuclear hazards must be communicated
74. The word "scourges" in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. pressures B. afflictions C. worries D. annoyances 75. In paragraph 4, the author mentions the second law of thermodynamics
A. to support the view that nuclear waste will disperse with time
B. to show that knowledge can be sustained over millennia
C. to give the basic scientific reason behind the breakdown of material objects D. to contrast the potential life span of knowledge with that of material objects 76. The word "Its" in the passage refers to
A. knowledge B. committee C. solution D. guardians 77. In paragraph 5, why is the proposed committee of guardians referred to as the "atomic priesthood"?
A. Because they would be an exclusive group with knowledge about nuclear waste sites. B. Because they would use rituals and legends to maintain their exclusiveness C. Because they would be an exclusive religious order
D. Because they would develop mythical taboos surrounding their traditions
78. According to the author, why did the task force under Sebeok propose a relay system for passing on information?
A. To show that Sebeok 's ideas created more problems than they solved
B. To support the belief that breaks in communication are inevitable over time C. To contrast Sebeok's ideas with those proposed by his main critics
D. To compensate for the fact that meaning will not stable over long periods of time 79. According to paragraph 7, the second defect of the atomic priesthood proposal is that it could lead to A. the nonmembers turning knowledge into dangerous mythical forms
B. the possible misuse of exclusive knowledge
C. the establishment of a scientifically ignorant society
D. the priesthood's criticism of points concerning vital knowledge
80. All of the following are mentioned in the passage as difficulties in devising a communication system with the future EXCEPT
A. the failure to maintain communication link B. the loss of knowledge about today's civilization C. the inability of materials to endure over time D. the exclusiveness of priesthood
ANSWER:
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71C
72C
73D
74B
75C
76B
77A
78D
79B
80D
B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS)
I. Cloze test (20 pts)
Passage A: The changing English language
All languages change over a period of time, for reasons which are imperfectly understood. The speech is really so integral (81) _____ form of human activity that it cannot be regarded as an entity in itself. For this reason, it is more exact to say that (82) ____ generation behave linguistically in a slightly different manner from (83) _____ predecessors.
Young people are impatient of (84) _____ they often consider to be the stilted vocabulary and pronunciation of their elders, and like to show (85)_____ up-to-date they are by using the latest slang. (86) ________, as the years go by, some of that slang becomes standard usage. In any case, people slowly grow far (87) _____ receptive to linguistic novelties. So that by the time they reach their forties, they decry the slovenly speech of the younger generation.
In this respect, language is a little (88) ______ fashion in dress. The informal clothes of one generation become the everyday wear of the next. Similarly, just as many young doctors and office workers (89) ______out their duties in casual clothes, so expressions which were once confined to slang and familiar conversation are assimilated (90) ______ their normal vocabulary.
ANSWER:
81. in
82. each
83. Its
84. What
85. How
86. However/ Nevertheless
87. less
88. like
89. carry
90. into
Passage B: Fill in each blank with a suitable word to fill in the blanks.
Vitamins are substances required for the proper functioning of the body. In this century, thirteen vitamins have been (91)………A lack of any vitamins in a person’s body can cause illness. In some cases, an excess of vitamins can also (92)…………to illness. For example, sailors in the past were prone to (93)…………from scurvy that is a disease resulting from the lack of vitamin C. It causes bleeding of the gum, loss of teeth and skin rashes. Sailors suffer from scurvy because they did not eat fruits and vegetables. Fruits and vegetables (94)…………vitamin C which is necessary for good (95) …………
Vitamin B complex is composed of eight different vitamins. A lack of any of these vitamins will lead to different (96)…………For instance, a person who has too little vitamin B1 will suffer from beri-beri, a disease that causes heart problems and mental (97)…………A lack of vitamin B2 results in eye and skin problems while deficiency of vitamin B6 causes problems of the nervous system. Too little vitamin B12 will cause anemia. The (98)…………that vitamin deficiencies caused certain diseases led doctors to cure people suffering from these illnesses by giving them doses of the (99)……...vitamins.
Today, vitamins are (100)…………in the form of pills and can easily be bought at any pharmacy.
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ANSWER
91.discovered
92. lead
93. suffer
94. contain
95. health
96. diseases
97. disorders
98. knowledge
99. necessary
100. available
II. Word formation (20 pts)
Part 1: Use the word in capitals at the end of these sentences to form a word that fits in the blank space.
101. How much does _______ of this club cost? (MEMBER) 102. She is extremely _______ about the history of art. (KNOW) 103. Traveling in big cities is becoming more and more _______ every day. (TROUBLE) 104. He is completely_______! Not only is he lazy but he is dishonest too. (EMPLOY) 105. His boss told him off because he had behaved_______. (RESPONSIBLE) 106. He won the discus event at the Olympic Games but was later _______ when a medical check proved that he had been taking drugs. (QUALIFY)
107. Women who are slimming can never enjoy a meal without being afraid of _______ their diet. (ORGANISE)
108. The trouble with Mr. Brown is that he’s so_______ One minute he goes mad when you come late; the next he says nothing. You never know where you are! (CONSIST) 109. It is forbidden to hunt for that kind of bird. It has been listed as one of the ___ species . (DANGER)
110. I didn’t know who it was with a mask on she was completely_______ (RECOGNIZE) ANSWER
101. membership 102. knowledgeable 103. troublesome 104. unemployable 105. irresponsibly
106. disqualified 107. disorganising 108. inconsistent 109. endangered 110. unrecognisable
Part 2: Write the correct form of each bracketed word in the numbered space provided in the colunm on the right. There is an example at the beginning (0).
Your answers
Until (0)_______(COMPARE) recent times science an technology performed different and separate functions , the progress of one so often completely (111)________(RELATE) to the progress of the other historians have established that ,since the earliest times ,the improvements in our way of life have resulted from an 1(112)________(EMPIRICISM) approach , that is a process of trial and error ,by which equipment from and tools are made to satisfy important needs . It is to this approach that we owe the evolution of technology. Our
0. COMPARATIVELY
111_______________________ 112_______________________ 113________________________ 114________________________ _
115________________________ _
116________________________ 11
modern concept of science ,both _______ (113- PHILOSOPHY) and pragmatic in approach , stems from the seventeenth century ,when extensive investigations into the natural laws governing the behavior of matter were_______(114-TAKE). It was this________ (115- REVOLUTION) style of thought which led to a science based technology .Scientific knowledge was not in itself seen as a ______ (116-PLACE) for the earlier system of trial and error , but it did help the technical _______ (117- INNOVATE) to see which path of experimentation might be more _______ (118-FRUIT) .With the industrialization of the nineteenth century, the bond between science and technology _______(119-STRONG) .In our own time ,the mutual _______(120-RELY) of one discipline upon the other has increased still further
Your answers:
_
117________________________ _
118________________________ _
119________________________ _
120_______________________
111. unrelated
112. empirical
113.
philosophical
114.
undertaken
115. revolutionary
116. replacement
117.
innovators
118. fruitful
119.
strengthened
120. reliance
III. Error correction (10 pts): There are 10 mistakes in the passage. Find and correct them.
There are numerous reason behind the choice of clothing we make, ranging from the practice to the bizarre, but in every likelihood humans began wearing clothes in order to shield themselves of the elements. ‘The Iceman’, found mummifying in the ice of a glacier on the Italian-Austrian border in 1991, was still clad with remarkably well preserved garments which would obviously have protected him from the rain and cold five thousand years ago.
The clothing worn by people living in warmer climates further illustrates this basic function of clothing. In hot, dry desert regions, people tend to wear cool, flowing materials which cover much of body, including the head. This helps keep them cool during the heat of the day and helps to keep the wearer warm at night when temperatures increase dramatically. On the other hand, many peoples living in tropical regions, with their constant high temperatures and humidity, are sparse clothed.
Not all clothing is functional, moreover, and at different times throughout history people, especially women, have worn clothes which are impractical – restricting the wearer’s movements and in some cases cause physical discomfort. Examples of such restrictive clothing can be seen in the hooped and corseted gowns worn by wealthy women in the
Your answers
0. reason 🡪 reasons
121___________________ 122___________________ 123___________________ 124___________________ 125___________________ 126___________________ 127___________________ 128___________________ 129___________________ _
130___________________ _
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18th century, and in the opulent, heavy robes traditionally worn by royalties. Such customs send a clear message that the wearer does not need to work but occupies a position in society that others can be commanded to work for them.
Answer
There are numerous reason behind the choice of clothing we make, ranging from the practice to the bizarre, but in all likelihood humans began wearing clothes in order to shield themselves of the elements.
‘The Iceman’, found mummifying in the ice of a glacier on the Italian-Austrian border in 1991, was still clad with remarkably well-preserved garments which would obviously have protected him from the rain and cold five thousand years ago.
The clothing worn by people living in warmer climates further illustrates this basic function of clothing. In hot, dry desert regions, people tend to wear cool, flowing materials which cover much of the body, including the head. This helps keep them cool during the heat of the day and helps to keep the wearer warm at night when temperatures increase dramatically. On the other hand, many peoples living in tropical regions, with their constant high temperatures and humidity, are sparse clothed.
Not all clothing is functional, moreover, and at different times throughout history people, especially women, have worn clothes which are impractical – restricting the wearer’s movements and in some cases cause physical discomfort. Examples of such restrictive clothing can be seen in the hooped and corseted gowns worn by wealthy women in the 18th century, and in the opulent, heavy robes traditionally worn by royalties. Such customs send a clear message that the wearer does not need to work but occupies a position in society that others can be commanded to work for them.
0. reasons
121. practical
122. from
123. mummified
124. in
125. plummet /drop/fall
126. sparsely
127. however
128. causing
129. royalty
130. where
IV . Sentence Transformation (20 pts)
PART 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
131. The fund-raisers haven’t officially decided where to send the proceeds of the concert. No _________________________________________________________________ 132. The inevitability of unemployment was something nobody cared to admit. The admission that ________________________________________________ 133. Absolute secrecy was crucial to the success of the mission.
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Without _____________________________________________________________ 134. They believe that Oliver failed his exam because he was nervous.
Oliver’s failure _______________________________________________________ 135. Considering your position, we won’t press charges.
Under ______________________________________________________________ PART 2: Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word give. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.
136. I think you should be tolerant of other people’s weaknesses. (allowance) I think you should ______________________________other people’s weaknesses. 137. The villagers said they opposed the plans for the new shopping centre. (disapproval) The villagers __________________________ the plans for the new shopping centre. 138. I may not have my problem solved, but least I know I’m doing correctly. (track) I may not have my problem solved. But at least I know I ______________________ 139. One day she’s going to become a famous film star. (matter)
It’s only _______________________________a famous film star.
140. When he was at his most successful, the president had enormous influence. (height) At __________________________________, the president had enormous influence. Answer:
PART 1: Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence printed before it.
131.No official decision(s) on where to send the proceeds of the concert has (/have) been made by the fund-raisers.
132.The admission that unemployment was inevitable was something nobody cared for / cared to make.
133. Without absolute secrecy, the mission wouldn’t have succeeded.
134.-Oliver’s failure in his exam was put down to the fact that he was nervous. -Oliver’s failure in his exam is believed to have resulted from his nerve. 135.Under the circumstances, we won’t press the charges.
PART 2. Complete the second sentences so that it has a similar meaning to the first one, using the word give. Do not change the word given. You must use between three and eight words, including the word given.
136. I think you should make allowance for other people’s weaknesses.
137. The villagers expressed/ voiced/ made clear their disapproval of/ about the plans for the new shopping centre.
138. I may not have my problem solved. But at least I know I am on the right track. 139. It’s only a matter of time until/ before he becomes/ is a famous film star. 140. At the height of his success, the president had enormous influence.
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