{"id":1253,"date":"2022-11-08T08:38:31","date_gmt":"2022-11-08T01:38:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tailieudieuky.com\/baiviet\/document\/mcq-plus-lexico-grammar-on-luyen-cac-ky-thi-hoc-sinh-gioi-thpt-copy\/"},"modified":"2023-05-23T14:02:00","modified_gmt":"2023-05-23T07:02:00","slug":"16-practice-tests-for-the-gifted-students-with-key-compiler-ngo-minh-158-pages","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tailieudieuky.com\/baiviet\/document\/16-practice-tests-for-the-gifted-students-with-key-compiler-ngo-minh-158-pages\/","title":{"rendered":"16 Practice Tests for the gifted students with key Compiler: Ngo Minh (158 pages)"},"content":{"rendered":"\n\n\n

     “16 Practice Tests for the gifted students with key<\/b>” l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u00f4n thi \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi THPT v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u00e0 c\u1ef1c hay cho c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh c\u00e1c l\u1edbp 10, 11 v\u00e0 12 c\u1ea5p t\u1ec9nh TP. B\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cung c\u1ea5p \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n 16 \u0111\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n thi \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi THPT, k\u00e8m theo \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n chi ti\u1ebft v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7. <\/span><\/p>\n

     T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 thi \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c bi\u00ean so\u1ea1n v\u1edbi ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9 kh\u00f3 t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u01b0\u01a1ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ec1 thi ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c. V\u1edbi b\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y, b\u1ea1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00f4n t\u1eadp, luy\u1ec7n thi v\u00e0 chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb cho k\u1ef3 thi \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi THPT m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1t \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 cao. B\u1ed9 t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u “16 Practice Tests for the gifted students with key” c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u1ecbnh d\u1ea1ng PDF t\u1ea1i website T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3. <\/span><\/p>\n

     T\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 c\u00e1c t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u \u0111\u1ec1u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c chia s\u1ebb mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao, ph\u1ee5c v\u1ee5 cho nhu c\u1ea7u h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp v\u00e0 \u00f4n luy\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c b\u1ea1n h\u1ecdc sinh. T\u1eeb kh\u00f3a: \u00f4n thi \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n h\u1ecdc sinh gi\u1ecfi, 16 Practice Tests, t\u1ea3i xu\u1ed1ng, PDF, c\u1ef1c hay, ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p, ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, luy\u1ec7n thi, \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n, c\u1eadp nh\u1eadt li\u00ean t\u1ee5c, h\u1ecdc t\u1eadp, chia s\u1ebb mi\u1ec5n ph\u00ed, website T\u00e0i li\u1ec7u di\u1ec7u k\u1ef3, \u0110\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ed9i tuy\u1ec3n HSG Ti\u1ebfng Anh THPT c\u00f3 \u0111\u00e1p \u00e1n, \u0111\u1ec1 luy\u1ec7n hsg chuy\u00ean anh…<\/span>
<\/p>\n\n

Tr\u00edch d\u1eabn n\u1ed9i dung t\u00e0i li\u1ec7u “16 Practice Tests for the gifted students with key Compiler: Ngo Minh (158 pages)<\/b>“:<\/p>\n

Practice Tests for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ngo Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Chau <\/span><\/p>


<\/span><\/p>\n

PRACTICE TEST 1 <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: You will hear a radio report about Ocean Biodiversity<\/span>. <\/span>Complete the sentences, using NO  MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. <\/span><\/p>

Ocean Biodiversity <\/span><\/p>

Biodiversity hotpots <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>areas containing many different species <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>important for locating targets for (<\/span>1)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>at first only identified on land <\/span><\/p>

Boris Worm, 2005 <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>identified hotspots for large ocean predators, e.g. sharks <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>found that ocean hotspots: <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>were not always rich in (<\/span>2)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>had higher temperatures at the (<\/span>3)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>had sufficient (<\/span>4)<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span>n the water <\/span><\/p>

Lisa Balance, 2007 <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>looked for hotspots for marine (<\/span>5)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>found these were all located where ocean currents meet <\/span><\/p>

Census of Marine Life <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>found new ocean species living: <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>under the (<\/span>6)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>near volcanoes on the ocean floor <\/span><\/p>

Global Marine Species Assessment <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>Want to list endangered ocean species, considering: <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>population size <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>geographical distribution <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>rate of (<\/span>7)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>Aim: to assess 20,000 species and make a distribution (<\/span>8)<\/span> <\/span>f<\/span>or each one <\/span><\/p>

Recommendations to retain ocean biodiversity <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>increase the number of ocean reserves <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>establish (<\/span>9)<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>orridors (e.g. for turtles) <\/span>\u2219 <\/span>reduce fishing quotas <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>catch fish only for the purpose of (<\/span>10)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Listen to the information about London Heathrow Airport. Write NO MORE THAN  THREE WORDS for each answer. <\/span><\/p>

1. Which terminal takes British Airways flights to Philadelphia? <\/span><\/p>

2. How long does it take to travel by coach between terminals? <\/span><\/p>

3. Where do you go if you do not have a boarding pass for a connecting flight? 4. How many passengers can a taxi carry?<\/span><\/p>

1 <\/span><\/p>

5. How long is the journey on the underground? <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: You are going to listen to a conversation. As you listen, indicate whether the following  statements are true or not by writing. <\/span><\/p>

T for a statement which is true; F for a statement which is false; N if the information is not given. <\/span><\/p>

1. Napoleon controlled all of Europe at one time <\/span><\/p>

2. Austria and Russia fought fiercely against Napoleon, but England did not. <\/span><\/p>

3. Napoleon lost most of his soldiers when he attacked England. <\/span><\/p>

4. Napoleon died before he reached the age of fifty-two. <\/span><\/p>

5. He was married when he was very young. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: You will hear a radio discussion about writing a novel. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. <\/span><\/p>

1. What does Louise say about Earnest Hemingway\u2018s advice to writers? <\/span><\/p>

A. It\u2018s useful to a certain extent. B. It applies only to inexperienced novelists. C. It wasn\u2018t intended to be taken seriously. D. It might confuse some inexperienced novelists. 2. Louise says that you need to get feedback when you<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. have not been able to write anything for some time <\/span><\/p>

B. are having difficulty organizing your ideas <\/span><\/p>

C. are having contrasting feelings about what you have written <\/span><\/p>

D. have finished the book but not shown to anyone <\/span><\/p>

3. Louise says that you should get feedback from another writer because _<\/span> <\/span>. A. it is easy to ignore criticism from people who are not writers <\/span><\/p>

B. another writer may be kinder to you than friends and relatives <\/span><\/p>

C. it is hard to find other people who will make an effort to help you <\/span><\/p>

D. another writer will understand what your intentions are <\/span><\/p>

4. What does Louise regard as useful feedback? <\/span><\/p>

A. a combination of general observations and detailed comments <\/span><\/p>

B. both identification of problems and suggested solutions <\/span><\/p>

C. comments focusing more on style than on content <\/span><\/p>

D. as many points about strengths as weaknesses <\/span><\/p>

5. What does Louise say about the people she gets feedback from? <\/span><\/p>

A. Some of them are more successful than her. B. She doesn\u2018t only discuss writing them. C. She also gives them feedback on their work. <\/span><\/p>

D. It isn\u2018t always easy for her to get together with them. <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Choose the word or phrase (A, B, C or D) which best completes each sentence. <\/span>1. I was<\/span> t<\/span>o believe that she was a representative of the Labour Party. <\/span><\/p>

A. declared B. carried <\/span>C. led<\/span> D. explained 2. It has been kept<\/span> f<\/span>or about ten years that the minister\u2018s son committed a crime. A. unaware <\/span>B. secret<\/span> C. mystery D. obscure 3. One could see with the<\/span> e<\/span>ye that there was a lighthouse on the promontory. <\/span>A. naked<\/span> B. sole C. nude D. shut <\/span><\/p>

4. These two items don\u2018t differ much. The<\/span> i<\/span>s even more apparent when you put them  together.<\/span><\/p>

A. similarity <\/span>B. likelihood C. coincidence D. analogy 5. Your rude behavior was an<\/span> t<\/span>o the host and his wife. I don\u2018t think they will ever invite us to their home again. <\/span><\/p>

A. abuse <\/span>B. insult<\/span> C. injury D. aversion 6. For almost fifty years, the citizens of this country were<\/span> f<\/span>rom travelling abroad unless they were politicians. <\/span><\/p>

A. suspended B. rejected C. averted <\/span>D. forbidden<\/span> 7. I wouldn\u2018t<\/span> t<\/span>heir position in the market. They may appear to be very influential one day in  the future. <\/span><\/p>

A. undertake B<\/span>. underestimate<\/span> C. underwrite D. undercharge 8. We can\u2018t admit a person who hasn\u2018t<\/span> t<\/span>he required number of points at the entrance  examination. <\/span><\/p>

A. scored<\/span> B. assessed C. settled D. qualified 9.<\/span> h<\/span>e delivers the report, it will be sent to the headquarters. <\/span><\/p>

A. On the point B. At once <\/span>C. Immediately<\/span> D. Soon enough 10. The most probable<\/span> f<\/span>or your chronic headache is lack of good rest. A. factor B. background C. origin <\/span>D. reason<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

11. This cheese isn\u2018t fit for eating. It\u2018s<\/span> a<\/span>ll over after lying in the bin for so long. A. rusty B. <\/span>mouldy<\/span> C. spoiled D. sour 12. I cannot think of the correct answer. Could you drop me a small<\/span> p<\/span>lease? A. tip B. idea <\/span>C. hint<\/span> D. word 13. It was<\/span> t<\/span>ime we went home after having spent the whole afternoon in the neighbor\u2018s  garden. <\/span><\/p>

A. only B. just C. near <\/span>D. about<\/span> 14. Why not ask the tailor to shorten the jacket a little unless you don\u2018t want it to<\/span> p<\/span>erfectly with the trousers? <\/span><\/p>

A. go<\/span> B. do C. make D. suit 15. Studs was only the boy\u2018s<\/span> <\/span>. His real name was William. <\/span><\/p>

A. label <\/span>B. nickname <\/span>C. identity D. figure 16. It\u2018s interesting how the rumour about my promotion began to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. progress B<\/span>. spread<\/span> C. publicize D. emit 17. What we saw was absolutely unusual. Crowds of people from all four<\/span> o<\/span>f the world were cheering the arrival of the astronauts. <\/span><\/p>

A. corners<\/span> B. edges C. spots D. places 18. Mr. Henson\u2018s bitter comments on the management\u2018s mistakes gave<\/span> t<\/span>o the conflict which has already lasted for four months. <\/span><\/p>

A. cause B. ground C. goal <\/span>D. rise<\/span> 19. Numerous<\/span> h<\/span>ave prevented us from going to the lakeside again this year. A. inhibitions B. deterrents C. impairments <\/span>D. adversities<\/span> 20. That tall fair woman<\/span> m<\/span>e of my mother. <\/span><\/p>

A. reminds<\/span> B. remembers C. reminisces D. recalls <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Complete the following sentences with the words given in the brackets. You have to  change the form of the word. <\/span><\/p>

Obsessed with your inbox <\/span><\/p>

It was not so long ago that we dealt with colleagues through face-to-face (0) <\/span>interation <\/span> (<\/span>Interact<\/span>) and with counterparts and customers by phone or letter. But the world of communication<\/span><\/p>

has (1)<\/span> undergone (<\/span>go<\/span>) a dramatic transformation, not all for the good. Email, while (2) <\/span> undoubtedly <\/span>(<\/span>doubt<\/span>) a swift means of communication providing your server is fully (3) <\/span> functional <\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span>) and that the address you have contains no (4)  <\/span> inaccuracies <\/span>(<\/span>accurate<\/span>) has had a (5)<\/span> significant<\/span> <\/span> (<\/span>signify<\/span>) effect on certain people\u2018s behavior, both at home and in business. For these people, the use of email has become (6)<\/span> irresistibly (<\/span>resist<\/span>) addictive to the extent that it is (7)<\/span> threatening <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

 (<\/span>threat<\/span>) their mental and physical health. Addicts spend their day (8) <\/span> compulsively (<\/span>compulsion<\/span>) checking for the email and have a (9) <\/span> tendency (<\/span>tend<\/span>) to panic if their server goes down. It is estimated that one in six people spend four hours a day sending and receiving messages the equivalent to more than two working days a week. The negative effect on (10)<\/span> production (<\/span>produce<\/span>) is something employers are well aware of. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: Identify 10 errors in the following passage and correct them. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

1 <\/span><\/p>

2 <\/span><\/p>

3 <\/span><\/p>

4 <\/span><\/p>

5 <\/span><\/p>

6 <\/span><\/p>

7 <\/span><\/p>

8 <\/span><\/p>

9 <\/span><\/p>

10 <\/span><\/p>

11 <\/span><\/p>

12 <\/span><\/p>

13 <\/span><\/p>

14 <\/span><\/p>

15 <\/span><\/p>

16 <\/span><\/p>

17 <\/span><\/p>

18 <\/span><\/p>

19 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Unlike many other species of turtle, the red-car terrapin is not rare. In fact, four to five million hatchings are exported annually from American farms. About 200,000 are sold in the United Kingdom. <\/span><\/p>

It is ranked that as many as 90 per cent of the young terrapins die in their first year because of the poor conditions in which they are kept. Those which survive may live for 20 years and arrive the size of a dinner plate. At this staging they require a large tank with heat and specialized lightning. <\/span><\/p>

Terrapins carry salmonella bacteria which can poison people. This is why the sale of terrapins was banished in the United States in 1975. They are still, <\/span><\/p>

however, exported to the United Kingdom. <\/span><\/p>

Modern turtles come from a very antique group of animals that lived over <\/span><\/p>

200 million years ago. At this time dinosaurs were just beginning to establish them. <\/span><\/p>

Different types of turtles have interesting features: some box turtles are known to have lived for over 100 years, since other species of turtles can remain underwater for more than 24 hours. And the green turtle is the most prolific of all reptiles, lying as many as 28,000 eggs each year. <\/span><\/p>

If unwanted pet turtles are unreleased into the wild, many will die and those which survive will threaten the lives of native plants and animal.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 4: Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle. <\/span>1. I\u2018m extremely pressed for………….money these days. Could you lend me a few pounds, please? 2. It\u2018s a great pity that those beautiful birds are vulnerable\u2026to……….so much harm. 3. Tom hasn\u2018t attended classes for about two months and consequently he is rather………………done with his lesson? <\/span><\/p>

4. Must you always be so envious of………….your cousin\u2018s toys? <\/span><\/p>

5. Adam felt really sick at heart after his girlfriend had walked out……………..on him.<\/span><\/p>

6. It\u2018s \u2026\u2026worth\u2026\u2026. any hope that the Italian champion will retain the title. Nobody\u2018s giving her  any chances this year. <\/span><\/p>

7. It was me who Cindy used to take by…………..her confidence. Yet, on this particular occasion she refused to reveal her secret to anyone, even me. <\/span><\/p>

8. It isn\u2018t so much fatigue as lack of commitment \u2026\u2026\u2026in\u2026. finishing the task that makes you so  inoperative. <\/span><\/p>

9. Michael showed his disgust\u2026towards.the way he was treated by refusing to speak to anyone. 10. I know Pete\u2018s conduct was intolerable, but don\u2018t be too hard\u2026on………him <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Complete the following article, using only ONE word for each space. <\/span>(10 pts) The Legend of the Root <\/span><\/p>

Ginseng is one of the great mysteries of the east. Often referred to as the <\/span>\u2015<\/span>elixir of life<\/span>\u2016<\/span>, its widespread use in oriental medicine has led to many myths and legends building up around this remarkable plant. Ginseng has featured (1)<\/span> as a<\/span>n active ingredient in oriental medical literature for over 5,000 years. Its beneficial effects were, at one time, (2) <\/span><\/p>

 so <\/span>widely recognized and praised that the root was said to (3)<\/span> its <\/span> worth its weight in gold. <\/span><\/p>

(4)<\/span> despite t<\/span>he long history of ginseng, no one fully knows how it works. The active part of the plant is the root. Its full name is Panax Ginseng \u2013 the word Panax, (5)<\/span> like <\/span> the <\/span>wor<\/span>d panacea, coming from the <\/span>Gr<\/span>eece for <\/span>\u2015<\/span>all healing<\/span>\u2016<\/span>. There is growing interest by western scientists (6)<\/span> in t<\/span>he study of ginseng. It is today believed that this remarkable plant may (7)<\/span> have b<\/span>eneficial effects in the treatment of many diseases (8) <\/span> thata<\/span>re difficult to treat with synthetic drugs. <\/span><\/p>

Today, ginseng is no longer a myth or a legend. Throughout the world it is becoming widely recognized that this ancient herb holds the answer to relieving the stresses and ailments of modern living. It is widely used for the treatment of various ailments (9)<\/span> such a<\/span>s arthritis, diabetes, insomnia, hepatitis and anaemia. However, the truth behind (10)<\/span> how _<\/span> ginseng works still remains a mystery. Yet its widespread effectiveness shows that the remarkable properties are more than just a legend. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fit each gap<\/span>. Secretaries <\/span><\/p>

What\u2018s in a name? In the case of the secretary, or Personal Assistant (PA), it can be something<\/span> <\/span>rather surprising<\/span>. The dictionary calls a secretary <\/span>\u2015<\/span>anyone who (1) correspondence, keep<\/span>s <\/span>records and does clerical work for others\u2016. But while this particular job definition looks a bit (2) <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>, the word\u2018s original meaning is a hundred times more exotic and perhaps more appropriate. The word itself has been with us since the 14<\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>century and comes from the mediaeval Latin word <\/span>se<\/span>c<\/span>retarius <\/span>meaning <\/span>\u2015<\/span>something <\/span>hidden\u2016<\/span>. Secretaries started out as those members of staff with <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

knowledge hidden from others, the silent ones mysteriously (3)  organizations. Some years ago <\/span>\u2015<\/span>something hidde<\/span>n\u2016 <\/span>probably meant (4) _ <\/span><\/p>

the secret machinery of  out of sight, tucked <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

away with all the other secretaries and typists. A good secretary was an unremarkable one,  efficiently (5)<\/span> o<\/span>rders, and then returning mouse-like to his or her station behind the typewriter, but, with the (6) <\/span>o<\/span>f new technology, the job effectively upgraded itself and the role has changed to one closer to the original meaning. The skills required are more demanding and more technical. Companies are (7) <\/span>th<\/span>at secretarial staff should already be (8)<\/span> t<\/span>rained<\/span><\/p>

in, and accustomed to working with, a (9)<\/span> o<\/span>f word processing packages. The professionals in<\/span><\/p>

the (10)<\/span> b<\/span>usiness point out that nowadays secretarial staff may even need some management skills to take on administration, personnel work and research. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. deals B. <\/span>handles<\/span> C. runs D. controls 2. A. elderly B. unfashionable <\/span>C. outdated<\/span> D. aged 3. A. o<\/span>perating<\/span> B. pushing C. functioning D. effecting 4. A<\/span>. kept<\/span> B. covered C. packed D. held 5. A. satisfying <\/span>B. obeying<\/span> C. completing D. minding <\/span>6. A. advent<\/span> B. approach C. entrance D. opening 7. <\/span>A. insisting<\/span> B. ordering C. claiming D. pressing 8. A. considerably <\/span>B. highly<\/span> C. vastly D. supremely 9. A. group B. collection C. cluster <\/span>D. range<\/span> 10. A. appointment B. hiring <\/span>C. recruitment<\/span> D. engagement <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: Choose the correct answer. <\/span><\/p>

Space pilots, vertical farmers and body part makers are just some of the jobs the next generation could be doing in 20 years\u2018 time. <\/span><\/p>

This is what expert future researchers came up with in a study on \u2017The shape of jobs to come\u2018 \u2013 which analysed future trends such as population growth and climate change alongside developments in science and technology to create a list of potential jobs under the ongoing digital revolution that will prompt a need for virtual lawyers, virtual clutter organisers, waste data handlers and personal branders. <\/span><\/p>

The foresight study by UK-based Fast Future, a global futures research and consulting firm, paints an interesting picture of the jobs we could be doing by 2030: <\/span><\/p>

Safeguarding the environment will be more prominent than ever, with climate change reversal specialists, vertical farmers and weather modification police all attempting to deal with the <\/span>impact <\/span>of climate change and population growth; <\/span><\/p>

Old age wellness managers, memory augmentation surgeons and body part makers will be needed to cope with an ageing society, enhancing the quality of life for a population where life expectations could reach over 100; and <\/span><\/p>

Breakthroughs in space travel will lead to people <\/span>swapping <\/span>the office for the final frontier as space pilots, space architects and space tour guides. <\/span><\/p>

Of the top 20 future jobs highlighted, a global survey of future thinkers revealed: The British are keen to \u2017boldly go\u2018 \u2013 with space jobs the most <\/span>aspirational<\/span>, alongside nano medics and memory augmentation surgeons; <\/span><\/p>

Cars, crops and older people could be the focus for many in tomorrow\u2018s workforce, with old age wellness managers, vertical farmers and alternative vehicle developers creating the most jobs; For those looking to make the big bucks, nano-medicine, memory augmentation surgery and virtual law are the areas you should be telling your kids about, with the Fast Future panel predicting that these will be the best paid jobs in 2030; <\/span><\/p>

Future jobs that benefit society will be the most popular, with climate change reversal specialist, social \u2017networking\u2018 worker and old age wellness manager topping the poll in the popularity stakes; and <\/span><\/p>

Work won\u2018t all be \u2017fun\u2018 in the future, with the least exciting jobs being weather modification police to protect us from cloud theft, quarantine enforcers preventing the spread of diseases and waste data handlers who will dispose of our electronic mess.<\/span><\/p>

\u2015<\/span>The list of future jobs highlights the vast array of exciting things today\u2018s schoolchildren could be doing in 20 years\u2018 time, all made possible by fields of science and innovation in which Britain has real expertise,\u2016 said Fast Future chief executive officer Rohit Talwar, who conducted the study. <\/span><\/p>

\u2015<\/span>We\u2018re crossing the boundaries between science fiction and reality, and what we\u2018re seeing in the movies are becoming genuine career opportunities. Alongside futuristic sounding high-tech jobs at the cutting edge of scientific fields \u2013 like nano-medicine, the jobs of the future also include very <\/span><\/p>

\u2017high touch\u2018 occupations, such as old age wellness managers, narrowcasters and personal branders.\u2016 <\/span><\/p>

1. <\/span>It can be inferred from the text that expert future researchers<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. create potential jobs <\/span>B. study future<\/span> <\/span>jobs<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

C. reverse future trends D. analyse waste data <\/span><\/p>

2. <\/span>According to Fast Future, the next generation could be doing all of the following jobs <\/span>except <\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. space plots B. virtual farmers C. virtual lawyers <\/span>D. nano-medics<\/span> <\/span>3. <\/span>The <\/span>wor<\/span>d <\/span>\u2015<\/span>impact<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>is closest in meaning to . <\/span><\/p>

A. size B. affection C. affluence <\/span>D. effect<\/span> <\/span>4. <\/span>It can be inferred from the text that all of the following is true <\/span>except<\/span> <\/span>. A. We will have to deal with an ageing society because human beings will live longer in 20 years\u2018  time. <\/span><\/p>

B. Environmental pollution will be less of a problem for us in 20 years\u2018 time. C. Human beings will be able to travel with ease in space thanks to breakthrough scientific and  technological advancements. <\/span><\/p>

D. We will stop producing science fiction movies because all what we see in them will have come<\/span>  <\/span>true.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

5. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>swappin<\/span>g<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>is closest in meaning to _<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. relocating <\/span>B. selling C. renovating D. leasing <\/span>6. <\/span>According to the text, which of the following jobs will be paid? <\/span><\/p>

A. vertical farmers B. old age wellness managers <\/span>C. nano-medics<\/span> D. space architects <\/span><\/p>

7. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>aspiration<\/span>al<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>is closest in meaning to . <\/span><\/p>

A. exciting <\/span>B. influential<\/span> C. rewarding D. useful <\/span>8. <\/span>According to the text, which of the following jobs will be the least popular? A. climate change reversal specialists B. alternative vehicle developers <\/span>C. waste data handlers<\/span> D. personal branders <\/span><\/p>

9. <\/span>According to the text, weather modification police<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. stop epidemic spread B. fight harmful clouds <\/span><\/p>

C. reverse climate change <\/span>D. arrest cloud bandits<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

10. <\/span>What is the best title for the text? <\/span><\/p>

A. The best paid jobs in 2030 B. Breakthrough in research and technology in 2030 C. <\/span>Trends related to job hunting in 2030<\/span> D. Career opportunities in 2030 <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: Read the following passage and answer questions 1-10. <\/span><\/p>

SO YOU WANT TO BE AN ACTOR?<\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

A. <\/span><\/p>

A <\/span><\/p>

risky job<\/span><\/p><\/td>

If you tell someone that you want to make a career as an actor, you can be sure that within two minutes the word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>risky<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>will come up. And, of course, acting <\/span>is <\/span>a very risky career \u2013 let there be more mistakes about that. The supply of actors is far greater<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

<\/td>

than the demand for them.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Practice Tests for the Compiler: Ngo Minh  <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

B. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Chau <\/span><\/p>

Once you choose to become an actor, many people who you thought were your closest friends will tell you <\/span>\u2015<\/span>You\u2018re crazy<\/span>\u2016<\/span>, though some may react quite differently. No two  people will give you the same advice. But it is a very personal choice you are making.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

C. <\/span><\/p>

The  <\/span><\/p>

road to  <\/span><\/p>

success<\/span><\/p><\/td>

There are no easy ways of getting there \u2013 no written examinations to pass, and no absolute guarantee that when you have successfully completed your training you will automatically make your way in the profession. It\u2018s all a matter of luck plus talent. Yet there is a demand for new faces and new talent, and there is always the prospect of <\/span><\/p>

excitement, glamour and the occasional rich reward.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

D. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

I have frequently been asked to define this magical thing called talent, which everyone is looking out for. I believe it is best described as natural skill plus imagination \u2013 the latter being the most difficult quality to access. And it has a lot to do with the person\u2018s courage and their belief in what they are doing and the way they are putting it across.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

E. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Where does the desire to act come from? It is often very difficult to put into words your own reasons for wanting to act. Certainly, in the theatre the significant thing is that moment of contact between the actor on the stage and a particular audience. And making this brief contact is central to all acting, wherever it takes place \u2013 it is what drives all actors to act.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

F. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

If you ask actors how they have done well in the profession, the response will most likely be a shrug. They will know certain things about themselves and aspects of their own technique and the techniques of others. But they will take nothing for granted, because they know that they are only as good as their current job, and that their fame <\/span><\/p>

may not continue.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

G. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Disappointment is the greatest enemy of the actor. Last month you may have been out of work, selling clothes or waitressing. Suddenly you are asked to audition for a part, but however much you want the job, the truth is that it may deny you. So actors tend not to talk about their chances. They come up with ways of protecting themselves <\/span><\/p>

against the stress of competing for a part and the possibility of rejection.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

H. <\/span><\/p>

Essentia l  <\/span><\/p>

qualities<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Nobody likes being rejected. And remember that the possibility is there from the very first moment you start going in for parts professionally. You are saying that you are available, willing and hopefully, talented enough for the job. And, in many ways, it\u2018s up to you, for if you don\u2018t care enough, no one will care for you.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

For questions 1-5, choose the correct heading for paragraphs B-G from the list of headings  below. Write the correct numbers (i-viii) in the corresponding numbered boxes. <\/span>i. Dealing with unpleasant feelings <\/span><\/p>

ii. What lies behind the motive? <\/span><\/p>

iii. Your own responsibility <\/span><\/p>

vi. Reactions toward the job <\/span><\/p>

vii. Uncertainties about the future <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

1. Paragraph B<\/span> vi <\/span><\/p><\/td>

2. Paragraph D<\/span> iii <\/span><\/p><\/td>

3. Paragraph E<\/span> ii <\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

4. Paragraph F<\/span> vii <\/span><\/p><\/td>

5. Paragraph G<\/span> i <\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

For questions 6-10, complete the sentences below by writing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS  taken from the reading passage. <\/span><\/p>

6. Every actor cares about the<\/span> contract b<\/span>etween himself and a group of audience. 7. Talent is characterized as a combination of skills and<\/span> imagination <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

8 <\/span><\/p>

Practice Tests for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ngo Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Chau <\/span><\/p>

8. What the actor has to deal with very often is the sense of<\/span> disappointment –<\/span> chances  for a part are narrow no matter how much you like the part. <\/span><\/p>

9. If actors become famous, it is very likely that they will be<\/span> a<\/span>s a return. 10. The<\/span> rejection ti<\/span>s very likely to happen as soon as you start your profession  and it is very stressful. <\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be about 80 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original. <\/span><\/p>

A tertiary education is an investment for your future. It is giving three to five years of your life towards what you will eventually do with your life and for many of you, your journey begins right after O level. Therefore, you need to make this decision wisely. Here are some pointers to help you make informed decisions about the college you want to enrol in. <\/span><\/p>

Before choosing a college, you should first know what you want to study. Check the list of online colleges and universities for those that offer what you want and select the ones that meet your requirement. You may also want to find out about the location of your campus. Would you rather be close to home or do you want to be as far away and as independent as possible? It is also best to find out as much as you can about housing arrangements before you decide on an institution of higher learning to reduce any hassle later. Some colleges offer on-campus accommodation or will help you look for outside accommodation. Last but not least, make sure you have the finances to see you through your studies as college education can be expensive. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Graph describing <\/span><\/p>

The graph shows the number of hours children aged 10-11 spend on watching TV and  computers in the UK from 2000 to 2009. <\/span><\/p>

Write a report for a university lecturer describing the information shown. Write about 150  words. <\/span><\/p>

Time schoolchildren (10 – 11 years old) spent on different home activities <\/span><\/p>

25 <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

k<\/span><\/p>

e<\/span><\/p>

e<\/span><\/p>

w<\/span><\/p>

r <\/span><\/p>

e<\/span><\/p>

p<\/span><\/p>

s r<\/span><\/p>

u<\/span><\/p>

o<\/span><\/p>

H<\/span><\/p>

20 15 10 <\/span>5 <\/span><\/p>

0 <\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

<\/span><\/span>Television <\/span><\/span><\/span>Computer<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>




<\/span><\/b><\/p>

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Essay writing <\/span><\/p>

Some schools often get students\u2019 ideas to evaluate their teachers. In your opinion, should all schools ask students to evaluate their teacher? <\/span><\/p>

Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer. <\/span><\/p>

9 <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

PRACTICE TEST 2 <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Listen to a lecture about behavior of Dolphins and complete the note below. <\/span>Write <\/span>NO  MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND\/OR A NUMBER for each answer. <\/span><\/p>

BEHAVIOUR OF DOLPHINS <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>almost 40 species of dolphin – found (1)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>usually in shallower seas – carnivores <\/span><\/p>

SOCIALISING <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>very sociable and live in pods <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>super-pods may have more than <\/span>(2) <\/span>_<\/span> d<\/span>olphins <\/span>– <\/span>have strong social bonds <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>help other animals – Moko helped a whale and calf escape from <\/span>(3)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>have been known to assist swimmers <\/span><\/p>

CULTURE <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>discovered in May 2005 that young bottlenose dolphins learn to <\/span>(4)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>dolphins pass knowledge from mothers to daughters, whereas primates pass to <\/span>(5)<\/span> <\/span> AGGRESSION <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>dolphins may be aggressive towards each other <\/span><\/p>

-Like humans, this is due to disagreements over <\/span>(6)<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>nd competition for females <\/span>– <\/span>Infanticide sometimes occurs and the killing of porpoises <\/span><\/p>

FOOD <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>dolphins have a variety of feeding methods, some of which are <\/span>(7)<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>o one population <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>Methods include: <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>herding <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>coralling <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>(8)<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>r strand feeding <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>whacking fish with their flukes <\/span><\/p>

PLAYING <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>have a variety of playful activities <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>common behaviour with an object or small animal include: <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>carrying it along <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>passing it along <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>(9)<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>way from another dolphin <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>throwing it out the water <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>may harass other animals <\/span><\/p>

– <\/span>playful behaviour may include other <\/span>(10)<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>uch as humans <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Listen to a tutor and a student discussing transport. Write NO MORE THAN THREE  WORDS AND\/OR A NUMBER for each answer. <\/span><\/p>

1. What is John researching? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

2. Apart from pollution, what would John like to see reduced? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

3. According to John\u2018s tutor\u2018s, what can cars sometimes act as? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

Practice Tests for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ngo Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Chau <\/span><\/p>

4. How much does John\u2018s tutor pay to drive into London? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

5. In Singapore, what do car owners use to pay their road tax? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: Listen to the classroom conversation about the benefits of sport and decide whether the  following statements are true (T) or False (F). Write T or F in the space given. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

Statements <\/span><\/p><\/td>

True (T) <\/span><\/p><\/td>

False (F)<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1. The class have already talked about at least three of the physical effects sport has on the human body.<\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td>
<\/td><\/tr>

2. Doing sport can slow down the production of chemicals in the brain that make us feel good.<\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td>
<\/td><\/tr>

3. It doesn\u2018t matter which sport you choose, as long as you\u2018re good at it.<\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td>
<\/td><\/tr>

4. Swimmers or tennis players are responsible for their own achievements.<\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td>
<\/td><\/tr>

5. Being part of a team requires you to practise more regularly.<\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td>
<\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 4: You will hear a radio discussion about children who invent imaginary friends. Choose the  best answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. <\/span><\/p>

1. In the incident that Liz describes,<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. her daughter asked her to stop the car B. she had to interrupt the journey twice C. she got angry with her daughter D. her daughter wanted to get out of the car 2. What does the presenter say about the latest research into imaginary friends? A. It contradicts other research on the subject. <\/span><\/p>

B. It shows that the number of children who have them is increasing. <\/span><\/p>

C. It indicates that negative attitudes towards them are wrong. <\/span><\/p>

D. It focuses on the effect they have on parents. <\/span><\/p>

3. How did Liz feel when her daughter had an imaginary friend? <\/span><\/p>

A. always confident that it was only a temporary situation <\/span><\/p>

B. occasionally worried about the friend\u2018s importance to her daughter <\/span><\/p>

C. slightly confused as to how she should respond sometimes <\/span><\/p>

D. highly impressed by her daughter\u2018s inventiveness <\/span><\/p>

4. Karen says that one reason why children have imaginary friends is that _<\/span> <\/span>. A. they are having serious problems with their real friends <\/span><\/p>

B. they can tell imaginary friends what to do <\/span><\/p>

C. they want something that they cannot be given <\/span><\/p>

D. they want something that other children haven\u2018t got <\/span><\/p>

5. Karen says that the teenager who had invented a superhero is an example of<\/span> <\/span>. A. a very untypical teenager B. a problem that imaginary friend can cause C. something she had not expected to discover D. how children change as they get older <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences. <\/span>1. She<\/span> a<\/span>greed to go with him to the football match although she had no interest in the game at  all. <\/span><\/p>

A. apologetically <\/span>B. grudgingly<\/span> C. shamefacedly D. discreetly 2. The smoke<\/span> f<\/span>rom the burning tyres could be seen for miles. <\/span><\/p>

A. sweeping <\/span>B. billowing<\/span> C. radiating D. bulgingo<\/span><\/p>

11 <\/span><\/p>

3. A common cause of<\/span> i<\/span>s the use of untreated water in preparation for foods, which is quite  common in certain underdeveloped countries. <\/span><\/p>

A. displeasure B. malnutrition C. eupepsia <\/span>D. dysentery<\/span> 4. Among scientists and non-scientists<\/span> ,<\/span> many now say that it\u2018s a given that human-induced  warming threatens to disrupt life on Earth. <\/span><\/p>

A. r<\/span>espectively<\/span> B. alike C. both D. likewise 5. We are pleased to inform you that we have decided to<\/span> y<\/span>our request for British citizenship. A. give <\/span>B. grant<\/span> C. permit D. donate 6. Only after he had carefully<\/span> t<\/span>he figures did he make any comments. <\/span><\/p>

A. estimated B. watched <\/span>C. scrutinised<\/span> D. remarked 7. I\u2018m not sufficiently versed<\/span> c<\/span>omputers to understand what you\u2018re saying. A. to B. into C. about <\/span>D. in<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

8. Tom\u2018s normally very efficient but he\u2018s been making a lot of mistakes<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>A. of late<\/span> B. for now <\/span>C. <\/span>in a while D<\/span>. <\/span>shortly 9. On the way to Cambridge yesterday, the road was blocked by a fallen tree, so we had to make a <\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. deviation B. digression <\/span>C. detour<\/span> D. departure 10. Let us hope that<\/span> _<\/span> a nuclear war, the human race still survive. <\/span><\/p>

A. in relation to B. with reference to <\/span>C. in the event of<\/span> D. within the realm of <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Give the correct forms of the words given to complete the passages. <\/span><\/p>

ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE <\/span><\/p>

Alternative medicine is, by definition, an alternative to something else: modern, Western medicine.  But the term \u2017alternative\u2018 can be (1)<\/span> misleading (<\/span>LEAD<\/span>), even off-putting for some people. Few (2)<\/span> practitioners (<\/span>PRACTICE<\/span>) of homeopathy, acupuncture, (3) <\/span>herbalism <\/span> (<\/span>HERBAL<\/span>) and the like regard therapies as complete substitutes for modern medicine. Rather, they consider their disciplines as (4)<\/span> substitutes (<\/span>SUPPLY<\/span>) to orthodox medicine. The problem is that many doctors refuse even to recognize \u2017natural\u2018 or alternative medicine. To do so calls for a (5) <\/span> radically (<\/span>RADICAL<\/span>) different view of health, illness and cure. But whatever doctors may think, the demand for alternative forms of medical therapy is stronger than ever before, as the (6)<\/span> limitations <\/span> (<\/span>LIMIT<\/span>) of modern medical science become more widely understood. Alternative therapies are often dismissed by orthodox medicine because they are sometimes (7)<\/span> administered (<\/span>ADMINISTRATION<\/span>) by people with no formal medical training. But, in comparison with many traditional therapies, western medicine as we know it today is a very recent phenomenon. Until only 150 years ago, herbal medicine and simple (8)<\/span> inorganic (<\/span>ORGAN<\/span>) compounds were the most effective treatment available. Despite the medical establishment\u2018 (9)<\/span> intolerant (<\/span>TOLERATE<\/span>) attitude, alternative therapies are being accepted by more and more doctors, and the World Health Organization has agreed to promote the (10)<\/span> intergration (<\/span>INTEGRATE<\/span>) of proven, valuable, `alternative\u00b4 knowledge and skills in western medicine. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: There are 10 mistakes in the following passage. Write the mistakes and corrections in the space given. <\/span><\/p>

True relaxing is most certainly not a matter of flopping down in front of the television with a welcome drink. Nor is it about drifting into an exhausted sleep. Useful though these responses to tension and over-tiredness might be, we should distinguish among them and conscious relaxation in terms of quality and effect. Regarded of the level of tiredness, real relaxation is a state of alert yet in the same time passive awareness, in which our bodies are at rest while our minds are waken.<\/span><\/p>

Moreover, it is as natural for a healthy person to be relaxed when moving as resting. Being relaxed in action means we bring the appropriate energy to everything we do, so to have a feeling of health tiredness by the end of the day, rather than one of exhaustion. Unfortunately, as a result of living in today\u2018s competitive world, we are under constant strain and have difficult in coping, let alone nurturing our body\u2018s abilities. Which needs to be rediscovered is conscious relaxation. With that in mind we must apply ourselves to understand stress and the nature of its causes how deep-seated. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Fill in each blank with the correct preposition(s)\/ particle(s. <\/span><\/p>

1. Footballers used to<\/span> abide bt t<\/span>he referee\u2018s decision, but nowadays they are just as likely to punch  him in the mouth. <\/span><\/p>

2. My speech is okay but I just hope I don\u2018t dry<\/span> up a<\/span>s soon as I get to the podium. 3. My brother has always been<\/span> ont<\/span>he fringe of the Labour party, never at the centre. 4. The paintings were given to the state by the millionaire<\/span> inl<\/span>ieu of taxes. 5. Did you know that Samantha has taken<\/span> up M<\/span>artin again – they\u2018re spending lots of time  together. <\/span><\/p>

6. I\u2018ve been asked to key information<\/span> of t<\/span>he computer immediately. <\/span><\/p>

7. I don\u2018t like him as every time he asks me to do something, his voice is always laden with<\/span> <\/span> threat. <\/span><\/p>

8. I feel quite nostalgic _<\/span> about t<\/span>he place where I grew up. <\/span><\/p>

9. I was thinking of going to live in Scotland, but when I heard that I would have to wear a kilt, I  decided<\/span> against i<\/span>t. <\/span><\/p>

10. Good hygiene helps keep<\/span> down t<\/span>he levels of infection. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the article below and circle the word which best fits each space. <\/span>Broadcasting has democratized the publication of language, often at its most informal, even undressed. Now the ears of the educated cannot escape the language of the masses. It (1)<\/span> t<\/span>hem on the news, weather, sports, commercials, and the ever-proliferating game shows. This wider dissemination of popular speech may easily give purists the (2)<\/span> t<\/span>hat language is suddenly going to hell in this generation, and may (3)<\/span> t<\/span>he new paranoia about it. <\/span><\/p>

It might also be argued that more Armericans hear more correct, even beautiful, English on television than ever before. Through television more models of good usage (4)<\/span> m<\/span>ore American homes than was ever possible in other times. Television gives them lots of (5)<\/span> E<\/span>nglish too, some awful, some creative, but that is not new. <\/span><\/p>

Hidden in this is a (6) _<\/span> f<\/span>act: our language is not the special private property of the language police, or grammarians, or teachers, or even great writers. The (7)<\/span> o<\/span>f English is that it has always been the tongue of the common people, literate or not. <\/span><\/p>

English belongs to everybody: the funny (8)<\/span> <\/span>of phrase that pops into the mind of a farmer telling a story; or the (9)<\/span> <\/span>salesman\u2018s dirty joke; or the teenager saying, “Gag me with a spoon”; or the pop lyric – all contribute, are all as (10)<\/span> <\/span>as the tortured image of the academic, or the line the poet sweats over for a week. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. circles B. surrenders C. supports <\/span>D. surrounds<\/span> 2. A. thought B. idea C. sight D<\/span>. belief<\/span> 3. A. justify B<\/span>. inflate<\/span> C. explain D. idealise 4. A. render B<\/span>. reach<\/span> C. expose D. leave <\/span>5. A. colloquial<\/span> B. current C. common D. spoken 6. A. central B. stupid C. common <\/span>D. simple<\/span><\/p>

Practice Tests for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ngo Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Chau <\/span><\/p>

7. A. genii B<\/span>. genius<\/span> C. giant D. generalisation 8. A. turn <\/span>B. twist<\/span> C. use D. time 9. A. tour B. transport C. travel <\/span>D. travelling<\/span> <\/span>10. A. valued<\/span> B. valid C. truthful D. imperfect <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Fill in the blanks with one suitable word for each to complete the following passage. <\/span>Throughout our lives, right from the moment when as infants we cry to express our hunger, we are  engaged in social interaction of one form or another. Each and (1)<\/span> every t<\/span>ime we encounter <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

fellow human beings, some kind of social interaction will take place, (2)w<\/span>hether<\/span> a bus and paying the fare for the journey, or socializing with friends. It goes without (3) <\/span><\/p>

it\u2018s getting on <\/span>saying,<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

therefore, that we need the ability to communicate. Without some method of (4) <\/span>transmitting<\/span> intentions, we would be at a(n) (5)<\/span> complete l<\/span>oss when it came to interacting socially. Communication (6)<\/span> involves t<\/span>he exchange of information which can be anything from a gesture to a friend signalling boredom to the presentation of a university thesis which may only ever be read by a (7)<\/span> handful o<\/span>f others, or it could be something in (8)<\/span> between t<\/span>he two. Our highly developed languages set us (9)<\/span> apart f<\/span>rom animals. But for these languages, we could not communicate sophisticated or abstract ideas. Nor could we talk or write about people or objects mot immediately present. (10)<\/span> were _<\/span> we restricted to discussing objects already present, we would be able to make abstract generalizations about the world. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: Read the passage then circle the best option A, B, C or D. <\/span><\/p>

PERCEPTION <\/span><\/p>

It is often helpful when thinking about biological processes to consider some apparently similar yet better understood non-biological process. In the case of visual perception an obvious choice would be colour photography. Since in many respects eyes resemble cameras, and percepts photographs, is it not reasonable to assume that perception is a sort of photographic process whereby samples of the external world become spontaneously and accurately reproduced somewhere inside our heads? Unfortunately, the answer must be no. The best that can be said of the photographic analogy is that <\/span>it <\/span>points up what perception is not. Beyond this it is superficial and misleading. Four simple experiments should make the matter plain. <\/span><\/p>

In the first a person is asked to match a pair of black and white discs, which are rotating at such a speed as to make them appear uniformly grey. One disc is standing in shadow, the other in bright illumination. By adjusting the ratio of black to white in one of the discs the subject tries to make it look the same as the other. The results show him to be remarkably accurate, for it seems he has made the proportion of black to white in the brightly illuminated disc almost identical with <\/span>that <\/span>in the disc which stood in shadow. But there is nothing photographic about his perception, for when the matched discs, still spinning, are photographed, the resulting print shows them to be quite dissimilar in appearance. The disc in shadow is obviously very much darker than the other one. What has happened? Both the camera and the person were accurate, but their criteria differed. One might say that the camera recorded things as they look, and the person things as they are. But the situation is manifestly more complex than this, for the person also recorded things as they look. He did better than the camera because he made them look as they really are. He was not misled by the differences in illumination. He showed perceptual constancy. By reason of an extremely rapid, wholly unconscious piece of computation he received a more accurate record of the external world than could the camera. <\/span><\/p>

In the second experiment a person is asked to match with a colour card the colours of two pictures in dim illumination. One is of a leaf, the other of a donkey. Both are coloured an equal shade of green. In making his match he chooses a much stronger green for the leaf than for the donkey. The leaf evidently<\/span><\/p>

14 <\/span><\/p>

looks greener than the donkey. The percipient makes a perceptual world compatible with his own experience. It hardly needs saying that cameras lack this versatility. <\/span><\/p>

In the third experiment hungry, thirsty and <\/span>satiated <\/span>people are asked <\/span>to equalize the brightness <\/span>of pictures depicting food, water and other objects unrelated to hunger or thirst. When the intensities at which they set the pictures are measured it is found that hungry people see pictures relating to food as brighter than the rest (i.e. to equalize the pictures they make the food ones less intense), and thirsty people do likewise with <\/span>\u2015<\/span>dr<\/span>ink\u2016 <\/span>pictures. For the satiated group no difference<\/span>s <\/span>are obtained be<\/span>tw<\/span>een the different objects. In other words, perception serves to satisfy needs, not to enrich subjective experience. Unlike a photograph the percept is determined by more than just the stimulus. <\/span><\/p>

The fourth experiment is of a rather different kind. With ears plugged, their eyes beneath translucent goggles and their bodies either encased in cotton wool, or floating naked in water at body temperature, people are deprived for considerable periods of external stimulation. <\/span>Contrary to what one might expect<\/span>, however, such circumstances result not in a lack of perceptual experience but rather a surprising change in what is perceived. The subjects in such an experiment begin to see, feel and hear things which bear no more relationship to the immediate external world than does a dream in someone who is a<\/span>slee<\/span>p. The<\/span>se <\/span>people are not a<\/span>slee<\/span>p yet their hallucinations, or <\/span>so-called <\/span>\u2015<\/span>autistic<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>perceptions, may be as vivid, if not more so, than any normal percept. <\/span><\/p>

1. In the first paragraph, the author suggests that . <\/span><\/p>

A. colour photography is a biological process B. vision is rather like colour photography C. vision is a sort of photographic process <\/span><\/p>

D<\/span>. vision and colour photography are very different<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

2. What does the word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>it<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the f<\/span>irst <\/span>paragraph refer to<\/span> ?<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

A. perception <\/span><\/p>

B. t<\/span>he photographic process<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

3. In the first experiment, it is proved that a person _ <\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

. <\/span><\/p>

C. the comparison with photography D. the answer <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

A. makes mistakes of perception and is less accurate than a camera <\/span>B. can see more clearly than a camera<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

C. is more sensitive to changes in light than a camera <\/span><\/p>

D. sees colours as they are in spite of changes in the light 4. What does the word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>th<\/span>at<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the <\/span>sec<\/span>ond paragraph refer to <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

A. the proportion of black to white<\/span> B. the brightly illuminated disc <\/span><\/p>

5. The second experiment shows that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

C. the other disc D. the grey colour <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

A. people see colours according to their ideas of how things should look<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

B. colours look different in a dim light <\/span><\/p>

C. cameras work less efficiently in a dim light D. colours are less intense in larger objects 6. What does the word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>s<\/span>atiated<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the fourth paragraph mean? <\/span><\/p>

A. tired B. bored C<\/span>. not hungry or thirsty<\/span> D. nervous 7. What does <\/span>\u2015<\/span>to equal<\/span>ize th<\/span>e <\/span>brightn<\/span>e<\/span>ss<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the fourth paragraph mean? <\/span><\/p>

A. To arrange the pictures so that the equally bright ones are together <\/span><\/p>

B. To change the lighting so that the pictures look equally bright<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

C. To describe the brightness D. to move the pictures nearer or further away 8. The third experiment proves that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. we see things differently according to our interest in them<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

B. pictures of food and drink are especially interesting to everybody<\/span><\/p>

Practice tests for the national examination for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ng\u00f4 Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Ch\u00e2u <\/span><\/p>

C. cameras are not good at equalising brightness <\/span><\/p>

D. satiated people see less clearly than hungry or thirsty people <\/span><\/p>

9. The expression <\/span>\u2015<\/span>c<\/span>ontrar<\/span>y to w<\/span>h<\/span>at o<\/span>n<\/span>e m<\/span>igh<\/span>t expect<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>occurs the fifth paragraph. What might one expect? <\/span><\/p>

A. that the subjects would go to sleep <\/span><\/p>

B. that they would feel uncomfortable and disturbed <\/span><\/p>

C. that they would see, hear and feel nothing<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

D. that they would see, hear and feel strange things <\/span><\/p>

10. The fourth experiment proves that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. people deprived of sense stimulation go mad <\/span><\/p>

B. people deprived of sense stimulation dream <\/span><\/p>

C. people deprived of sense stimulation experience unreal<\/span> <\/span>things<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

D. people deprived of sense stimulation lack perceptual experience <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Read the following passage and do the task following. <\/span><\/p>

VIEWS OF INTELLIGENCE ACROSS CULTURES <\/span><\/p>

A <\/span>In recent years, researchers have found that people in non-Western cultures often have ideas about intelligence that are considerably different from those that have shaped Western intelligence tests. This cultural bias may therefore work against certain groups of people. Researchers in cultural differences in intelligence, however, face a major dilemma, namely: how can the need to compare people according to a standard measure be balanced with the need to assess them in the light of their own values and concepts? <\/span><\/p>

B <\/span>For example, Richard Nesbitt of the University of Michigan concludes that East Asian and Western cultures have developed cognitive styles that differ in fundamental ways, including how intelligence is understood. People in Western cultures tend to view intelligence as a means for individuals to devise categories and engage in rational debate, whereas Eastern cultures see it as a way for members of a community to recognize contradiction and complexity and to play their social roles successfully. This view is backed up by Sternberg and Shih-Ying, from the University of Taiwan, whose research shows that Chinese conceptions of intelligence emphasize understanding and relating to others, and knowing when to show or not show one\u2018s intelligence. <\/span><\/p>

C <\/span>The distinction between East Asia and the West is just one of many distinctions that separate different ways of thinking about intelligence. Robert Serpell spent a number of years studying concepts of intelligence in rural African communities. He found that people in many African communities, especially in those where Western-style schooling is still uncommon, tend to blur the distinction between intelligence and social competence. In rural Zambia, for instance, the concept of <\/span>nzelu <\/span>includes both cleverness and responsibility. Likewise, among the Luo people in rural Kenya, it has been found that ideas about intelligence consist of four broad concepts. These are named <\/span>paro <\/span>or practical thinking, <\/span>luoro<\/span>, which includes social qualities like respect and responsibility, <\/span>winjo <\/span>or comprehension, and <\/span>rieko<\/span>. Only the fourth corresponds more or less to the Western idea of intelligence. <\/span><\/p>

D <\/span>In another study in the same community, Sternberg and Grogorenko have found that children who score highly on a test of knowledge about medicinal herbs, a test of practical intelligence, often score poorly on tests of academic intelligence. This suggests that practical and academic intelligence can develop independently of each other, and the values of a culture may shape the direction in which a child\u2018s intelligence develops. <\/span><\/p>

It also tends to support a number of other studies which suggest that people who are unable to solve complex problems in the abstract can often solve them when they are presented in a familiar<\/span><\/p>

16 <\/span><\/p>

context. Ashley Maynard, for instance, now professor of psychology at the University of Hawaii, conducted studies of cognitive development among children in a Mayan village in Mexico using toy looms, spools of thread, and other materials drawn from the local environment. The research suggested that the children\u2018s development, could be validly compared to the progression described by Western theories of development, but only by using materials and experimental designs based on their own culture. <\/span><\/p>

E <\/span>The original hope of many cognitive psychologists was that a test could be developed that was absent of cultural bias. However, there seems to be an increasing weight of evidence to suggest that this is unlikely. Raven\u2018s Progressive Matrices, for example, were originally advertised as \u2017culture free\u2018 but are now recognized as culturally loaded. Such non-verbal intelligence tests are based on cultural constructs which may not appear in a particular culture. It is doubtful whether cultural comparisons of concepts of intelligence will ever enable us to move towards creating a test which encompasses all aspects of intelligence as understood by all cultures. It seems even less likely that such a test could be totally free of cultural imbalance somewhere. <\/span><\/p>

The solution to the dilemma seems to lie more in accepting that cultural neutrality is unattainable and that administering any valid intelligence test requires a deep familiarity with the relevant culture\u2018s values and practices. <\/span><\/p>

Questions 1-5 <\/span><\/p>

Choose the correct heading for each paragraph <\/span>A\u2013E <\/span>from the list of headings below (<\/span>i-ix<\/span>). There are more headings than paragraphs. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. <\/span>List of Headings <\/span><\/p>

i <\/span>Research into African community life <\/span><\/p>

ii <\/span>Views about intelligence in African societies <\/span><\/p>

iii <\/span>The limitations of Western intelligence tests <\/span><\/p>

iv <\/span>The Chinese concept of intelligence <\/span><\/p>

v <\/span>The importance of cultural context in test design <\/span><\/p>

vi <\/span>The disadvantages of non-verbal intelligence tests <\/span><\/p>

vii <\/span>A comparison between Eastern and Western understanding of intelligence <\/span>viii <\/span>Words for <\/span>\u2015<\/span>intelligence<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in <\/span>African languages <\/span><\/p>

ix <\/span>The impossibility of a universal intelligence test <\/span><\/p>

Your answers <\/span><\/p>

1. <\/span>Section <\/span>A iii <\/span><\/p>

2. <\/span>Section <\/span>B vii <\/span><\/p>

3. <\/span>Section <\/span>C i <\/span><\/p>

4. <\/span>Section <\/span>D v <\/span><\/p>

5. <\/span>Section <\/span>E ix <\/span><\/p>

Questions 6-10 <\/span><\/p>

Look at the researchers in <\/span>6-10 <\/span>and the list off findings below. Match each researcher with the correct  finding. Write your answers in the corresponding numbered boxes. <\/span><\/p>

Your answers <\/span><\/p>

6. <\/span>Ashley Maynard e <\/span><\/p>

7. <\/span>Richard Nesbitt g <\/span><\/p>

8. <\/span>Sternberg and Grogorenko d <\/span><\/p>

9. <\/span>Sternberg and Shih-Ying a <\/span><\/p>

10. <\/span>Robert Serpell c <\/span><\/p>

List of findings<\/span><\/p>

A There is a clear relationship between intelligence and relationships with others in Chinese culture.  B Children frequently scoring well in academic tests score better in practical tests. C The difference between intelligence and social competence is not distinct in many African  communities. <\/span><\/p>

D Children frequently scoring well in practical tests score less well in academic tests. E In experiments to measure cognitive development, there is a link between the materials used and the  test results. <\/span><\/p>

F The connection between intelligence and social competence in many African communities is not  clear. <\/span><\/p>

G The way cognition is viewed in East Asian cultures differs fundamentally from those in Western  cultures. <\/span><\/p>

H Chinese culture sees revelations about one\u2018s intelligence as part of intelligence. <\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Summarize in no more than 120 words, the various communicative methods practiced by animals in the wild. <\/span><\/p>

Communication is part of our everyday life. We greet one another, smile or frown, depending on our moods. Animals too, communicate, much to our surprise. Just like us, interaction among animals can be both verbal and non-verbal. Singing is one way in which animals can interact with one another. Male blackbirds often use their melodious songs to catch the attention of the females. These songs are usually rich in notes variation, encoding various kinds of messages. Songs are also used to warn and keep off other blackbirds from their territory, usually a place where they dwell and reproduce. Large mammals in the oceans sing too, according to adventurous sailors. Enormous whales groan and grunt while smaller dolphins and porpoises produce pings, whistles and clicks. These sounds are surprisingly received by other mates as far as several hundred kilometers away. Besides singing, body language also forms a large part of animals’ communication tactics. Dominant hyenas exhibit their power by raising the fur hackles on their necks and shoulders, while the submissive ones normally “surrender” to the powerful parties by crouching their heads low and curling their lips a little, revealing their teeth in friendly smiles.Colors, which are most conspicuously found on animals are also important means of interaction among animals. Male birds of paradise, which have the most gaudy colored feathers often hang themselves upside down from branches, among fluffing plumes, displaying proudly their feathers, attracting the opposite sex. The alternating black and white striped coats of zebras have their roles to play too. Each zebra is born with a unique set of stripes which enables its mates to recognize them. When grazing safely, their stripes are all lined up neatly so that none of them loses track of their friends. However, when danger such as a hungry lion approaches, the zebras would dart out in various directions, making it difficult for the lion to choose his target. Insects such as the wasps, armed with poisonous bites or stings, normally have brightly painted bodies to remind other predators of their power. Hoverflies and other harmless insects also make use of this fact and colored their bodies brightly in attempts to fool their predators into thinking that they are as dangerous and harmful as the wasps too. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. <\/span>The charts below give information on the ages of people when they got married in one particular country in 1996 and 2008. Summarise the information by selecting and repairing the main features, and make comparisons where relevant.<\/span><\/p>

Practice tests for the national examination for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ng\u00f4 Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/span><\/p>

Ch\u00e2u <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Essay <\/span><\/p>

STEM <\/span>education is one of the latest ideas in the educational sphere. Write an essay about 350 words  about advantages and disadvantages of STEM education. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

PRACTICE TEST <\/span>3 <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Listen to the passage and then fill in the blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS. <\/span>CHERRIES <\/span><\/p>

During the visit to a number of fruit farms in (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>, the speaker found broad agreement among most of the growers about fruit planting. <\/span><\/p>

The speaker gives the example of (<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span> a<\/span>s a crop being replaced by cherries. To protect young trees from extremes of weather, a (<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> m<\/span>ay be used. Cherries are prone to cracking because there is hardly any (<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>on the skin of the fruit.  The speaker compares the cherry to a (<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span> w<\/span>hen explaining the effect of rain on the  fruit. <\/span><\/p>

Shoppers are advised to purchase cherries which have a (<\/span>6<\/span>)<\/span> s<\/span>tem and look fresh and  tasty. <\/span><\/p>

The traditional view was that cherries need up to (<\/span>7<\/span>)<\/span> b<\/span>efore they produce a useful  crop. <\/span><\/p>

The most popular new variety of cherry tree amongst farmers has the name (<\/span>8<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>. While picking cherries, keep a (<\/span>9<\/span>)<\/span> i<\/span>n your mouth to stop you eating too many. That way you end up with at least a (<\/span>10<\/span>)<\/span> o<\/span>f this delicious fruit in your basket!<\/span><\/p>

19 <\/span><\/p>

Practice tests for the national examination for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ng\u00f4 Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Ch\u00e2u <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Listen to the recording and answer the following questions. <\/span><\/p>

1. <\/span>What kind of food do people in the north of China eat more than ones in the south? <\/span>2. <\/span>What is the first change of the diet in China? <\/span><\/p>

3. <\/span>Where are the snack foods now being seen? <\/span><\/p>

4. <\/span>What kind of dishes does the man prefer? <\/span><\/p>

5. <\/span>What does Chinese cooking rely on? <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. You are going to hear a conversation between Richard and Louise. As you listen, indicate  whether the statements are True (T), False (F) Not Given (NG). <\/span><\/p>

1. <\/span>Richard does most of the washing up in his family. <\/span><\/p>

2. <\/span>Richard\u2018s father makes him clean his shoes. <\/span><\/p>

3. <\/span>Louise doesn\u2018t mind shopping for food. <\/span><\/p>

4. <\/span>Louise prefers to wait for her grandparents to visit her. <\/span><\/p>

5. <\/span>Louise\u2018s father repairs the car himself. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. You will hear a radio interview in which an artist called Sophie Axel is talking about her life  and career. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. <\/span>1. <\/span>Sophie illustrates the importance of colour in her life by saying she<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>has coloured daydreams <\/span>B<\/span>. associates letters and colours <\/span>C<\/span>. paints people in particular colours <\/span>D<\/span>. links colours with days of the week <\/span>2. <\/span>Sophie\u2018s attitude to risk is that her children should be<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>left to cope with it <\/span>B<\/span>. warned about it <\/span><\/p>

C<\/span>. taught how to deal with it <\/span>D<\/span>. protected from it <\/span><\/p>

3. <\/span>Shophie\u2018s mother and aunt use their artistic gifts professionally in the<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>A. <\/span>pictures they paint together <\/span>B<\/span>. plays they perform on stage <\/span>C<\/span>. objects they help to create <\/span>D<\/span>. clothes they design and make <\/span>4. <\/span>Sophie was a failure at art school because she _<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>was not interested in design <\/span>B<\/span>. favoured introspective painting <\/span>C<\/span>. was very pessimistic <\/span>D<\/span>. had a different approach to art <\/span>5. <\/span>When Sophie had no money to repair her bike, she offered to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>take a part-time job <\/span>B<\/span>. publicise a national charity <\/span>C<\/span>. produce an advertisement <\/span>D<\/span>. design posters on commission <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Choose the best answer (A, B, C or D) to complete each sentence below. <\/span>1. <\/span>Why did you<\/span> a<\/span>nd mention the party to George? It was supposed to be a surprise. <\/span>A. <\/span>let the cat out of the bag<\/span> <\/span>B<\/span>. put the cat among the pigeons <\/span>C<\/span>. have kittens <\/span>D<\/span>. kill two birds with one stone. <\/span>2. <\/span>It\u2018s a shame to fall out so badly with your own _<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>heart to heart <\/span>B<\/span>. <\/span>flesh and blood<\/span> <\/span>C<\/span>. heart and soul <\/span>D<\/span>. skin and bone <\/span>3. <\/span>They were able to<\/span> o<\/span>ver their meal and enjoy it instead of having to rush back to work. <\/span>A. <\/span>loiter<\/span> <\/span>B<\/span>. stay <\/span>C<\/span>. linger <\/span>D<\/span>. dwell <\/span>4. <\/span>I thought something terrible had happened but it was all a<\/span> i<\/span>n a teacup. <\/span>A. <\/span>storm<\/span> <\/span>B<\/span>. gale <\/span>C<\/span>. breeze <\/span>D<\/span>. wind<\/span><\/p>

20 <\/span><\/p>

5. <\/span>It is necessary that the problem<\/span> s<\/span>olved right away. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>would be <\/span>B<\/span>. might be <\/span>C<\/span>. be<\/span> <\/span>D<\/span>. is <\/span>6. <\/span>In the northern and central parts of the states of Idaho<\/span> a<\/span>nd churning rivers. <\/span>A. <\/span>majestic mountains are found <\/span>B<\/span>. found majestic<\/span> <\/span>mountains<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

C<\/span>. finding majestic mountains <\/span>D<\/span>. are found majestic mountains <\/span>7. <\/span>According to the<\/span> _<\/span> of the contract, tenants must give six months\u2018 notice if they intend to leave. <\/span>A. <\/span>laws <\/span>B<\/span>. rules <\/span>C<\/span>. terms<\/span> <\/span>D<\/span>. details <\/span>8. <\/span>I know it\u2018s difficult but you\u2018ll just have to<\/span> _<\/span> and bear it. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>laugh <\/span>B<\/span>. smile<\/span> <\/span>C<\/span>. grin <\/span>D<\/span>. chuckle <\/span>9. <\/span>I didn\u2018t want to make a decision<\/span> ,<\/span> so I said I\u2018d like to think about it. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>in one go<\/span> <\/span>B<\/span>. there and then <\/span>C<\/span>. at a stroke <\/span>D<\/span>. on and off <\/span>10. <\/span>We are not in a<\/span> _<\/span> hurry so let\u2018s have another coffee. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>dashing<\/span> <\/span>B<\/span>. racing <\/span>C<\/span>. rushing <\/span>D<\/span>. tearing <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Read the passage and give the correct form of the words given in brackets. <\/span>EXTRACT FROM A BOOK ABOUT MEETING <\/span><\/p>

We are (<\/span>1. SURE<\/span>)<\/span> assured b<\/span>y the experts that we are, as a species, designed for face-to- face communication. But does that really mean having every meeting in person? Ask the bleary-eyed sales team this question as they struggle (<\/span>2. LABOUR<\/span>)<\/span> labouriously t<\/span>hrough their weekly teambuilding session and that answer is unlikely to be in the (<\/span>3. AFFIRM<\/span>)<\/span> affirmative <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. Unless you work for a very small business or have an (<\/span>4. EXCEPT<\/span>)<\/span> exceptionally h<\/span>igh boredom threshold, you doubtless spend more time sitting in meetings than you want to. Of course, you could always follow business Norman\u2018s example. He liked to express (<\/span>5. SOLID<\/span>)<\/span> solidarity w<\/span>ith customers queuing at the (<\/span>6. CHECK<\/span>)<\/span> checkout b<\/span>y holding management meetings standing up. Is email a realistic (<\/span>7. ALTER<\/span>)<\/span> alternative ?<\/span> It\u2018s clearly a powerful tool for disseminating information, but as a meeting substitute it\u2018s seriously flawed. Words alone can cause trouble. We\u2018re all full of (<\/span>8. SECURE<\/span>)<\/span> insecurities <\/span>that can be unintentionally triggered by others and people are capable of reading anything they like into an email. There is also a (<\/span>9. TEND<\/span>)<\/span> tendency <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

 f<\/span>or email to be used by people who wish to avoid \u2017real\u2018 encounters because they don\u2018t want to be (<\/span>10. FRONT<\/span>)<\/span> confrontedw<\/span>ith any awkwardness. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. The passage below contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and write their correct forms in the space provided in the column on the right. (0) has been done as an example. <\/span>When a celebrity, a <\/span>politics <\/span>or other person in the media spotlight loses their temper in public, they run the risk of hitting the headings in a most embarrassing way. For such uncontrolling outbursts of anger are often triggered by what seem to be trivial matters and, if they are caught on camera, can make the person appear slightly ridiculousness. But it\u2018s not only the rich and famous who is prone to fits of rage. According to recent surveys, ordinary people are increasingly tending to lose their cool in public. Although anger is a potentially destructive emotion that uses up a lot of energy and creates a high level of emotional and physical stress – and it stops us thinking rational. Consequently angry people often end up saying, and doing things they later have cause to regret. So, how can anger be avoided? Firstly, diet and lifestyle may be to blame. Tolerance and irritability certainly come to the surface when someone hasn\u2018t slept properly or has skipped a meal, and any intake of caffeine can make things worst. Take regular exercise can help to ease and diffuse feelings of aggression, however, reducing the chances of an angry response. But if something or someone does make you angry, it\u2018s advisable not to react immediately. Once you\u2018ve calmed down, things won\u2018t look half as badly as you first thought. 1. line 1: politics <\/span>\ud83e\udc6a <\/span>politician<\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Fill in each blank with a suitable particle or preposition. <\/span><\/p>

2. Don\u2018t forget the date. I\u2018m banking<\/span> fory<\/span>our help. <\/span><\/p>

3. It was decided to break<\/span> up d<\/span>iplomatic relations with that country. <\/span><\/p>

4. The police arrived immediately after the call and caught the burglar<\/span> on t<\/span>he spot. 5. Over 3,000 workers were laid<\/span> out w<\/span>hen the company moved the factory abroad. 6. They worked very hard in their new business venture and their efforts eventually paid<\/span> off <\/span>. 7. As the day wore<\/span> by<\/span>, I began to feel more and more uncomfortable in their company. 8. There was strong evidence to suggest that the judge presiding the case had been bought<\/span> offb <\/span>. 9. It\u2018s like a bolt<\/span> from t<\/span>he blue. <\/span><\/p>

10. I didn\u2018t do much work, but I\u2018m  relieved that I scraped<\/span> over m<\/span>y exam. <\/span><\/p>

11. The unemployment data must be seen<\/span> as t<\/span>he background of world recession. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the following passage and choose the correct word(s) to each of the questions. <\/span>Secretaries <\/span><\/p>

What\u2018s in a name? In the case of the secretary, or Personal Assistant (PA), it can be something rather surprising. The dictionary calls a secretary <\/span>\u2015<\/span>anyone who handles correspondence, keeps recor<\/span>ds <\/span>and does clerical work for others\u2016. But while this particular job (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> _<\/span> looks a bit outdated, the word\u2018s original meaning is a hundred times more exotic and perhaps more appropriate. The word itself has been with us since the 14<\/span>th <\/span><\/span>century and comes from the medieval Latin word <\/span>secretarius <\/span>meaning <\/span><\/p>

\u2015<\/span>something <\/span>hidden\u2016<\/span>. Secretaries started out as those members of staff with knowledge hidden from others, the silent ones mysteriously (<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span> t<\/span>he secret machinery of organizations. Some years ago <\/span>\u2015<\/span>something hidden<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>probably meant (<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> o<\/span>ut of <\/span>si<\/span>ght, tucked a<\/span>wa<\/span>y with all the other secretaries and typists. A good secretary was an unremarkable one, efficiently (<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span> o<\/span>rders, and then returning mouse-like to his or her station behind the typewriter, but, with the (<\/span>5<\/span>)<\/span> o<\/span>f new office technology, the job (<\/span>6<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>upgraded itself and the role has changed to one closer to the original meaning. The skills required are more demanding and more technical. Companies are (<\/span>7<\/span>) <\/span> t<\/span>hat secretarial staff should already be (<\/span>8<\/span>) <\/span>t<\/span>rained in, and accustomed to working with, a (<\/span>9<\/span>)<\/span> <\/span>of word processing packages. In addition to this, they need the management skills to take on some administration, some personnel work and some research. The professionals in the (<\/span>10<\/span>) business point out that nowadays secretarial staff may even need some management skills to take on administration, personnel work and research. <\/span><\/p>

1<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. explanation <\/span>B<\/span>. detail <\/span>C<\/span>. definition <\/span>D<\/span>. characteristic <\/span>2<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. operating <\/span>B<\/span>. pushing <\/span>C<\/span>. vibrating <\/span>D<\/span>. effecting <\/span>3<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. kept <\/span>B<\/span>. covered <\/span>C<\/span>. packed <\/span>D<\/span>. held <\/span>4<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. satisfying <\/span>B<\/span>. obeying <\/span>C<\/span>. completing <\/span>D<\/span>. minding <\/span>5<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. advent <\/span>B<\/span>. approach <\/span>C<\/span>. entrance <\/span>D<\/span>. opening <\/span>6<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. truly <\/span>B<\/span>. validly <\/span>C<\/span>. correctly <\/span>D<\/span>. effectively <\/span>7<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. insisting <\/span>B<\/span>. ordering <\/span>C<\/span>. claiming <\/span>D<\/span>. pressing <\/span>8<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. considerably <\/span>B<\/span>. highly <\/span>C<\/span>. vastly <\/span>D<\/span>. supremely <\/span>9<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. group <\/span>B<\/span>. collection <\/span>C<\/span>. cluster <\/span>D<\/span>. range <\/span>10<\/span>. <\/span>A<\/span>. appointment <\/span>B<\/span>. hiring <\/span>C<\/span>. recruitment <\/span>D<\/span>. engagement <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Fill in each numbered blank with one suitable word to complete the passage. <\/span>My new friend\u2019s a robot<\/span><\/p>

In fiction robots have a personality, (<\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span> but r<\/span>eality is disappointingly different. Although sophisticated (<\/span>2<\/span>)<\/span> enough t<\/span>o assemble cars and assist during complex surgery, modern robots are dumb automatons, (<\/span>3<\/span>)<\/span> incapable o<\/span>f striking up relationships with their human operators. <\/span><\/p>

However, change is (<\/span>4<\/span>)<\/span> on t<\/span>he horizon. Engineers argue that, as robots begin to make (<\/span>5<\/span>) <\/span> up <\/span>a bigger part of society, they will need a way to interact with humans. To this end they will need artificial personalities. The big question is this: what does a synthetic companion need to have so that you want to engage (<\/span>6<\/span>)<\/span> with i<\/span>t over a long period of time? Phones and computers have already shown the (<\/span>7<\/span>)<\/span> extent t<\/span>o which people can develop relationships with inanimate electronic objects. <\/span><\/p>

Looking further (<\/span>8<\/span>)<\/span> ahead ,<\/span> engineers envisage robots helping around the house, integrating with the web to place supermarket orders using email. Programming the robot with a human\u2013like persona and (<\/span>9<\/span>)<\/span> giving i<\/span>t the ability to learn its users\u2018 preferences, will help the person feel (<\/span>10<\/span>) <\/span><\/p>

 at <\/span>ease with it. Interaction with such a digital entity in this context is more natural than sitting with a mouse and keyboard. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer to each of the questions. <\/span>Birds that feed in flocks commonly retire together into roosts. The reasons for roosting communally<\/span> <\/span>are not always obvious, but there are some likely benefits. In winter especially it is important for birds<\/span> <\/span>to keep<\/span> warm at night and <\/span>conserve <\/span>precious food reserves. One way to do this is to find a sheltered roost. Solitary roosters shelter in dense vegetation or enter a cavity – horned larks dig holes in the ground and ptarmigan burrow into snow banks – but the effect of sheltering is <\/span>magnified <\/span>by several birds huddling together in the roosts, as wrens, swifts, brown creepers, bluebirds and anis do. Body contact reduces the surface area exposed to the cold air, so the birds keep each other warm. Two kinglets huddling together were found to reduce their heat losses by a quarter, and three together saved a third of their heat. <\/span><\/p>

The second possible benefit of communal roosts is that they act as <\/span>\u2015<\/span>information centers<\/span>\u2016<\/span>. During the day, parties of birds will have spread out to <\/span>forage <\/span>over a very large area. When they return in the evening some will have fed well, but others may have found little to eat. Some investigators have observed that when the birds set out again next morning, those birds that did not feed well on the previous day appear to follow those that did. The behavior of common and lesser kestrels may illustrate different feeding behaviors of similar birds with different roosting habits. The common kestrel hunts vertebrate animals in a small, familiar hunting ground, whereas the very similar lesser kestrel feeds on insects over a large area. The common kestrel roosts and hunts alone, but the lesser kestrel roosts and hunts in flocks, possibly so one bird can learn from others where to find insect swarms. <\/span><\/p>

Finally, there is safety in numbers at communal roosts since there will always be a few birds awake at any given moment to give the alarm. But this increased protection is partially counteracted by the fact that mass roosts attract predators and are especially vulnerable if <\/span>they <\/span>are on the ground. Even those in trees can be attacked by birds of prey. The birds on the edge are at greatest risk since predators find it easier to catch small birds perching at the margins of the roost. <\/span><\/p>

1. <\/span>What does the passage mainly discuss? <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>How birds find and store food. <\/span>B<\/span>. How birds maintain body heat in the winter. <\/span>C<\/span>. Why birds need to establish territory. <\/span>D<\/span>. <\/span>Why some species of birds nest together.<\/span> <\/span>2. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>c<\/span>onserv<\/span>e<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to<\/span> _<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>retain<\/span> <\/span>B<\/span>. watch <\/span>C<\/span>. locate <\/span>D<\/span>. share <\/span>3. <\/span>Ptarmigan keep warm in the winter by . <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>building nests in trees B. huddling together on the ground with other birds<\/span><\/p>

C<\/span>. <\/span>digging tunnels into<\/span> <\/span>the snow<\/span> <\/span>D<\/span>. burrowing into dense patches of vegetation<\/span><\/p>

4. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>magnified<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>A. <\/span>combined <\/span>B<\/span>. caused <\/span>C<\/span>. modified <\/span>D<\/span>. intensified<\/span> <\/span>5. <\/span>The author mentions kinglets in the passage as an example of birds that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>A. <\/span>protect themselves by nesting in holes <\/span>B<\/span>. usually feed and nest in pairs <\/span>C<\/span>. <\/span>nest together for warmth<\/span> <\/span>D<\/span>. <\/span>nest with other species of birds <\/span>6. <\/span>Which<\/span> of the following statements about lesser and common kestrels is TRUE? <\/span>A. <\/span>The lesser kestrel feeds sociably but the common kestrel does<\/span> <\/span>not.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

B. <\/span>The lesser kestrel and the common kestrel have similar diets. <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>The common kestrel nests in larger flocks than does the lesser kestrel. <\/span><\/p>

D. <\/span>The common kestrel nests in trees; the lesser kestrel nests on the ground. <\/span><\/p>

7. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>forage<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the passage <\/span>is <\/span>c<\/span>losest <\/span>in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>fly <\/span>B<\/span>. assemble <\/span>C<\/span>. feed<\/span> <\/span>D<\/span>. rest <\/span>8. <\/span>Which of the following is <\/span>NOT <\/span>mentioned in the passage as an advantage derived by birds that  huddle together while sleeping? <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>Some members of the flock warn others of impending dangers. <\/span><\/p>

B. <\/span>Staying together provides a greater amount of heat for the whole flock <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>Some birds in the flock function as information centers for others who are looking for food. <\/span>D. <\/span>Several members of the flock care for the<\/span> <\/span>young.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

9. <\/span>Which of the following is a disadvantage of communal roosts that is mentioned in the passage? <\/span>A. <\/span>Diseases easily spread among the birds. <\/span>B<\/span>. Food supplies are quickly<\/span> <\/span>depleted.<\/span> <\/span>C<\/span>. Some birds in the group will attack the others. <\/span><\/p>

D<\/span>. Groups are more attractive to predators than individual birds are. <\/span><\/p>

10. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>th<\/span>ey<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the third paragraph refers to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>a few birds <\/span>B<\/span>. mass roosts<\/span> <\/span>C<\/span>. predators <\/span>D<\/span>. trees <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Read the passage including seven paragraphs and do the following tasks. <\/span>Task 1. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the  correct number, i-viii, in boxes 1-5 below.<\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

List of Headings <\/span><\/p>

i <\/span>Different accounts of the same journey <\/span><\/p>

ii <\/span>Bingham gains support <\/span><\/p>

iii <\/span>A common belief <\/span><\/p>

iv <\/span>The aim of the trip <\/span><\/p>

v <\/span>A dramatic description <\/span><\/p>

vi <\/span>A new route <\/span><\/p>

vii <\/span>Bingham publishes his theory <\/span><\/p>

viii <\/span>Bingham\u2018s lack of enthusiasm<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

Paragraphs <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Your answers:<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Paragraph <\/span>A <\/span><\/p><\/td>

iv<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

1<\/span>. Paragraph <\/span>B <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u2026vi\u2026\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2<\/span>. Paragraph <\/span>C <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u2026\u2026viii\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

3<\/span>. Paragraph <\/span>D <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u2026\u2026v\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

4<\/span>. Paragraph <\/span>E <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u2026\u2026i\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

5<\/span>. Paragraph <\/span>F <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u2026\u2026vii\u2026\u2026.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Paragraph <\/span>G <\/span><\/p><\/td>

iii<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

The Lost City <\/span><\/p>

An explorer\u2019s encounter with the ruined city of Machu Picchu, the most famous icon of the Inca civilisation <\/span><\/p>

A <\/span>When the US explorer and academic Hiram Bingham arrived in South America in 1911, he was ready for what was to be the greatest achievement of his life: the exploration of the remote hinterland to the west of Cusco, the old capital of the Inca empire in the Andes mountains of Peru. His goal was to locate the remains of a city called Vitcos, the last capital of the Inca civilisation. Cusco lies on a high plateau at an elevation of more than 3,000 metres, and Bingham\u2018s plan was to descend from this plateau along the valley of the Urubamba river, which takes a circuitous route down to the Amazon and passes through an area of dramatic canyons and mountain ranges. <\/span><\/p>

B <\/span>When Bingham and his team set off down the Urubamba in late July, they had an advantage over travellers who had preceded them: a track had recently been blasted down the valley canyon to enable rubber to be brought up by mules from the jungle. Almost all previous travellers had left the river at Ollantaytambo and taken a high pass across mountains to rejoin the river lower down, thereby cutting a substantial corner, but also therefore never passing through the area around Machu Picchu. <\/span><\/p>

C <\/span>On 24 July they were a few days into their descent of the valley. The day began slowly, with Bingham trying to arrange sufficient mules for the next stage of the trek. His companions showed no interest in accompanying him up the nearby hill to see some ruins that a local farmer, Melchor Arteaga, had told them about the night before. The morning was dull and damp, and Bingham also seems to have been less than keen on the prospect of climbing the hill. In his book Lost City of the Incas, he relates that he made the ascent without having the least expectation that he would find anything at the top. <\/span><\/p>

D <\/span>Bingham writes about the approach in vivid style in his book. First, as he climbs up the hill, he de<\/span>sc<\/span>ribe<\/span>s <\/span>the ever-pre<\/span>se<\/span>nt <\/span>possi<\/span>bility of deadly snakes, <\/span>\u2015<\/span>capable of making considerable springs when in pursuit of their prey\u2016; not that he sees any. Then there\u2018s a sense of mounting discovery as he comes across great sweeps of terraces, then a mausoleum, followed by monumental staircases and, finally, the grand ceremonial buildings of Machu Picchu. <\/span>\u2015<\/span>It seemed like an unbelievable dream \u2026 the sight held me spellbound \u2026\u2016 he wrote. <\/span><\/p>

E <\/span>We should remember, however, that Lost City of the Incas is a work of hindsight, not written until 1948, many years after his journey. His journal entries of the time reveal a much more gradual appreciation of his achievement. He spent the afternoon at the ruins noting down the dimensions of some of the buildings, then descended and rejoined his companions, to whom he seems to have said little about his discovery. At this stage, Bingham didn\u2018t realise the extent or the importance of the site, nor did he realise what use he could make of the discovery. <\/span><\/p>

F <\/span>However, soon after returning it occurred to him that he could make a name for himself from this discovery. When he came to write the National Geographic magazine article that broke the story to the world in April 1913, he knew he had to produce a big idea. He wondered whether it could have been the birthplace of the very first Inca, Manco the Great, and whether it could also have been what chroniclers described as <\/span>\u2015<\/span>the last city of the Inca<\/span>s\u2016<\/span>. This term refers to Cilcabamba, the settlement where the Incas had fled from Spanish invaders in the 1530s. Bingham made desperate attempts to prove this belief for nearly 40 years. Sadly, his vision of the site as both the beginning and end of the Inca civilisation, while a magnificent one, is inaccurate. We now know that Vilcabamba actually lies 65 kilometres away in the depths of the jungle.<\/span><\/p>

G <\/span>One question that has perplexed visitors, historians and archaeologists alike ever since Bingham, is why the site seems to have been abandoned before the Spanish Conquest. There are no references to it by any of the Spanish chroniclers \u2013 and if they had known of its existence so close to Cusco they would certainly have come in search of gold. An idea which has gained wide acceptance over the past few years is that Machu Picchu was a moya, a country estate built by an Inca emperor to escape the cold winters of Cusco, where the elite could enjoy monumental architectrue and spectacular views. Furthermore, the particular architecture of Machu Picchu suggests that it was constructed at the time of the greatest of all the Incas, the emperor Pachacuti (c.1438-71). By custom, Pachacuti\u2018s descendants built other similar estates for their own use, and so Machu Picchu would have been abandoned after his death, some 50 years before the Spanish Conquest. <\/span><\/p>

Task 2. Do the following statements agree with the information given in the passage? Write True <\/span>if the statement agrees with the information <\/span><\/p>

False <\/span>if the statement contradicts the information <\/span><\/p>

Not Given <\/span>if there is no information on this <\/span><\/p>

6. <\/span>Bingham went to South America in search of an Inca city. t <\/span><\/p>

7. <\/span>Bingham chose a particular route down the Urubamba valley because it was the most common route  used by travellers. f <\/span><\/p>

8. <\/span>Bingham returned to Machu Picchu in order to find evidence to support his theory. ng <\/span><\/p>

Task 3. Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer. <\/span><\/p>

9. <\/span>The track that took Bingham down the Urubamba valley had been created for the transportation of <\/span> rubber<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

10. <\/span>Bingham found out about the ruins of Machu Picchu from a<\/span> farmer i<\/span>n the Urubamba valley. <\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the following passage and use your own words to summarize it. You MUST NOT copy or re-write the original. Your summary should be about 100 words long. <\/span><\/p>

One of the greatest men ever to have lived in the world was Dr Alexander Flemming. He was a dedicated English doctor who was very keen to do his best to cure his patients. However, there were no bacteria-fighting drugs at that time and many of his patients died of blood-poisoning. Therefore, Dr Flemming tried to discover a bacteria-fighting drug through experiments in his laboratory. <\/span><\/p>

He cultivated harmful germs on dishes of jelly. Surprisingly, he discovered that the harmful germs were killed by the mould in the jelly. The organisms in the mould produced chemical substances which killed the harmful germs. This was a fantastic discovery in 1928 – a mould that could kill harmful germs! As a result, Dr Flemming wanted to find the chemical substance made by the mould. <\/span><\/p>

Finally, he found the substance which was three times more effective than carbolic acid, the disinfectant for killing germs then. The new drug became known as penicillin, after the name of the mould. Dr Flemming\u2018s next challenge was to produce a large amount of this antibody for use on his patients. <\/span><\/p>

He continued with his experiments. With the outbreak of the Second World War, his drug was very much in demand. Subsequently, his wonder drug was produced in great amounts. The people responsible were Professor Sir Howard Florey who introduced its use for healing patients, and Dr E. Chain who studied it in detail. <\/span><\/p>

With the discovery of penicillin by Dr Flemming, fewer people died from bacteria infection. His drug had alleviated the sufferings of mankind and indeed saved the lives of millions. Hailed as one of the world\u2018s greatest contributors to medical science, he had made it possible not only to treat diseases but to prevent them too. His drug can be applied to animals as well. Therefore, if you had been treated<\/span><\/p>

for diseases such as pneumonia, influenza and gum infection by antibiotics, you have Dr Flemming to thank for. <\/span><\/p>

In recognition of his brilliant discovery, Dr Flemming was knighted, a reward richly befitting his contribution to mankind. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. The chart below shows male and female fitness membership between 1970 and 2000. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. <\/span><\/p>

Write at least 150 words. <\/span><\/p>

Fitness Membership <\/span><\/p>

4500 <\/span><\/p>

4000 <\/span><\/p>

3500 <\/span><\/p>

3000 <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

sr<\/span><\/p>

e<\/span><\/p>

2500 2000 <\/span><\/p>

Women Men <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

b <\/span><\/p>

1500 <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

m <\/span><\/p>

e <\/span><\/p>

1000 <\/span><\/p>

M <\/span><\/p>

500 <\/span><\/p>

0 <\/span><\/p>

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 2000 <\/span><\/span>Years <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. In today\u2019s job market it is far more important to have practical skills than theoretical knowledge. In the future, job applicants may not need any formal qualifications. <\/span>To what extent do you agree or disagree?<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

PRACTICE <\/span>TEST 4<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Listen and complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND\/OR A NUMBER for each answer. <\/span><\/p>

DEPARTMENT OF THE PRINTED WORD <\/span><\/p>

Statistics <\/span><\/p>

– many different full\u2013 and part-time courses <\/span><\/p>

– 17 students on the (1) _<\/span> a<\/span>nd 7 full-time research – 9 full-time lecturers <\/span><\/p>

– about (2)<\/span> p<\/span>ercent of students are from outside the country <\/span>Sponsorship <\/span><\/p>

– links with organizations in the publishing world <\/span><\/p>

– sponsorship of students, (3)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– outside speakers <\/span><\/p>

– workshops built to expand facilities for (4)<\/span> a<\/span>nd restoration <\/span>Teaching <\/span><\/p>

– main work is teaching the (5)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– as most printing is now very technological, students have to be (6)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

– for students without the necessary skills, there are specialist technicians who deliver (7) <\/span> i<\/span>n computing <\/span><\/p>

Facilities <\/span><\/p>

– in printing, editing, page design and layout, book-binding <\/span><\/p>

– former students are now working as expert book (8)<\/span> a<\/span>nd  <\/span><\/p>

Research <\/span><\/p>

– growing interest in the history of the printed word from early European etc. printing techniques – a visiting lecturer, Dr Yu, is an expert on early Chinese manuscripts and (9)<\/span> <\/span> – department is very popular, with many (10)<\/span> f<\/span>or each research position <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. You are going to listen to a conversation between a tutor and a university student and give  short answers to the questions below. <\/span><\/p>

1. What is the topic of their presentation? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026……………………\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 2. What are the main criteria to assess the presentation? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026…………………….\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 3. What was the strongest aspect of their presentation according to Sharon and Xiao Li? \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026…………………….\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 4. Which part of their presentation was Xiao Li least happy with? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026………………….\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 5. Which section does Sharon feel they should have discussed in more depth? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026……………….. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. For questions 1-5, you will hear the beginning of a radio interview with Stephen Perrins, a  composer of musicals. Listen and decide whether these statements are true or false. <\/span>1. The light songs Stephen wrote at college weren\u2018t published because his family advised him against  it. <\/span><\/p>

2. Stephen and Jenny\u2018s original reason for writing <\/span>Goldringer <\/span>was that they wanted to include it in  their college show. <\/span><\/p>

3. Stephen prefers not to write the lyrics for his shows because he would rather work with someone  else. <\/span><\/p>

4. Stephen\u2018s purpose in mentioning Helen Downes is to convince listeners that the director has ultimate responsibility for a production. <\/span><\/p>

5. Stephen claims that reason why some newspapers criticize him is that they don\u2018t like his music. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. You will hear part of an interview with a woman called Barbara Darby, who works as a casting director in the film industry. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) that fits best according to what you hear. <\/span><\/p>

1. According to Barbara, a casting director needs above all . <\/span><\/p>

A. to learn from experience B. to be a good communicator C. to have a relevant qualification D. to have a natural feel for the job 2. Barbara says that she looks for actors who . <\/span><\/p>

A. can play a variety of roles B. complement each other <\/span><\/p>

C. accept her way of working D. think deeply about a part 3. At which stage in the casting process does Barbara meet the actors? <\/span><\/p>

A. before she goes to see them performing live <\/span><\/p>

B. once the director has approved them <\/span><\/p>

C. before a final short list is drawn up D. as soon as a final selection is made<\/span><\/p>

4. Barbara explains that what motivates her now is a need for<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. personal satisfaction B. professional recognition <\/span><\/p>

C. a glamorous lifestyle D. financial security <\/span><\/p>

5. What made Barbara give up her job for a while? <\/span><\/p>

A. She\u2018d become tired of travelling. B. She was ready to try something new. C. She felt she\u2018d been put under too much pressure. <\/span><\/p>

D. She found that she was no longer as committed to it. <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Choose the best answer (A, B, C, or D) to each of the following questions. <\/span>1. <\/span>\u2015<\/span>How did you know that he was lying?<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>\u2013 <\/span>\u2015<\/span>It was just a <\/span>f<\/span>eeling.<\/span>\u2016 <\/span><\/p>

A. faint <\/span>B. gut<\/span> C. slight D. vain 2. She\u2018s a bit down in the<\/span> a<\/span>t the moment \u2013 her husband has just lost his job. A. world <\/span>B. dumps<\/span> C. heart D. bottom 3. I\u2018m afraid we haven\u2018t got a spare bed. Can you<\/span> w<\/span>ith a mattress on the floor? <\/span>A. make do<\/span> B. make by C. make over D. make up 4. The train<\/span> t<\/span>he bay and then turned inland for twenty miles. <\/span><\/p>

A. coasted <\/span>B. skirted<\/span> C. edged D. sided 5. The new company had been<\/span> w<\/span>ith one problem after another and looked as if it were about to  go under. <\/span><\/p>

A. glorified <\/span>B. tainted<\/span> C. fraught D. bewildered 6. As they travelled across the<\/span> l<\/span>andscape, each one of them wondered how it was possible to  grow anything there. <\/span><\/p>

A. barren<\/span> B. bustling C. grimy D. mundane 7. Mike decided that election to the local council would provide a<\/span> t<\/span>o a career in national politics. A. milestone <\/span>B. springboard<\/span> C. highway D. turning point 8. As a poet, I think she<\/span> c<\/span>omparison with the greatest this century. <\/span><\/p>

A. stands B. makes C. leads <\/span>D. matches<\/span> 9. We all have to follow the rules, and none of us is<\/span> t<\/span>he law. <\/span><\/p>

A. beyond B. over <\/span>C. above<\/span> D. onto 10. I didn\u2018t<\/span> o<\/span>ut to be a millionaire \u2013 I just wanted to run a successful business. <\/span>A. set<\/span> B. go C. begin D. watch <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Fill each gap of the following passage with the correct form of the word in brackets. <\/span>Meditation <\/span><\/p>

People are often put off meditation by what they see as its many mystical associations. Yet meditation is a (1. STRAIGHT)<\/span> straightfoward _<\/span> technique which merely involves sitting and resting the mind. In addition to its (2. SIMPLE)<\/span> simplicity <\/span>, meditation offers powerful help in the battle against stress. Hundreds of studies have shown that meditation, when (3. TAKE)<\/span> <\/span>undertaken <\/span>in a principled way, can reduce hypertension which is related to stress in the body. Research has proved that certain types of meditation can (4. SUBSTANCE)<\/span> substantially d<\/span>ecrease key stress symptoms such as anxiety and (5. IRRITATE)<\/span> irritability <\/span>. In fact, those who practise meditation with any (6. REGULAR)<\/span> regularity s<\/span>ee their doctors less and spend, on average, seventy per cent fewer days in hospital. They are said to have more stamina, a happier (7. DISPOSE)<\/span> disposition a<\/span>nd even enjoy better relationships. <\/span><\/p>

When you learn to meditate, your teacher will give you a personal \u2017mantra\u2018 or word which you use every time you practise the technique and which is (8. SUPPOSE)<\/span> supposedly c<\/span>hosen according<\/span><\/p>

to your needs. Initial classes are taught individually but (9. SEQUENCE)<\/span> subsequent <\/span> <\/span> c<\/span>lasses<\/span><\/p>

usually consist of a group of students and take place over a period of about four days. The aim is to learn how to slip into a deeper state of (10. CONSCIOUS)<\/span> consciousness f<\/span>or twenty minutes a day. The rewards speak for themselves. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. The passage below contains 10 errors. Underline and correct them. <\/span><\/p>

The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are active promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions – such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands – to highly spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by defining, wilderness tourism requires little or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. Like the 1992 UN Conference on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable of abnormal pressures) not just in terms of the culture of their inhabitation. The three most significant types of fragile environment in these respects are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important character is their marked seasonality. Consequently, most human acts, including tourism, are limited to clearly defined parts of the year. <\/span><\/p>

Tourists are drawn to these regions by their natural beauty and the unique culture of its people. And poor governments in these areas have welcomed the \u2017adventure tourists\u2018, grateful for the currency they bring. For several years, tourism is the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan. Tourism is also a key element in the economics of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas such as Ayres Rocks in Australia and Arizona’s Monument Valley. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Fill in the gaps of the following sentences with suitable particles or  <\/span><\/p>

prepositions. There is an example at the beginning (0). <\/span><\/p>

Example: <\/span>0. up with <\/span><\/p>

1. He finds it hard to put<\/span> t<\/span>he noise of the nearby factory. <\/span><\/p>

2. <\/span>The station is<\/span> within w<\/span>alking distance of the hotel. <\/span><\/p>

3. <\/span>I\u2018m so tired after work that I often drop<\/span> off i<\/span>n front of the TV. <\/span><\/p>

4. <\/span>The decision was deferred<\/span> in a<\/span> later meeting. <\/span><\/p>

5. <\/span>That awful new office block is a real blot<\/span> on t<\/span>he landscape. <\/span><\/p>

6. <\/span>I don\u2018t know how Nicole survives, living all away<\/span> in t<\/span>he sticks. <\/span>7. <\/span>Carl and I just spent the whole day lazing<\/span> out l<\/span>istening to music. <\/span>8. <\/span>Unfortunately, most of the photos Terry took were<\/span> out f<\/span>ocus. <\/span>9. <\/span>Why don\u2018t we meet<\/span> up h<\/span>ere again on the 12<\/span>th<\/span><\/span>, when I get back from Germany? <\/span>10. <\/span>The prime minister has come<\/span> with f<\/span>ire during this  election campaign for being slow to respond to events. <\/span><\/p>

11. <\/span>Keep plodding<\/span> along a<\/span>nd you\u2018ll finish your novel eventually. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer best fits each gap. <\/span>The issues for (1) economies are a little more straightforward. The desire to build on<\/span> <\/span>undeveloped land is n<\/span>ot (2)<\/span> <\/span>out of desperation or necessity, but is a result of the relentless march of progress. Cheap labour and a relatively highly-skilled workforce make these countries highly competitive and there is a flood of inward investment, particularly from (3)<\/span> <\/span>looking to take advantage of the low wages before the cost and standard of living begin to rise. It is factors such as these that are making many Asian economies extremely attractive when viewed as investment opportunities at the moment. Similarly, in Africa, the relative (4)<\/span> o<\/span>f precious metals and natural resources tends to attract a lot of (5)<\/span> c<\/span>ompanies and a whole sub-industry develops around and is completely dependent on this foreign-direct investment. It is understandable that countries that are the focus of this sort of attention can lose sight of the environmental implications of large-scale industrial<\/span><\/p>

development, and this can have devastating consequences for the natural world. And it is a (6) cycle because the more industrially active a nation becomes, the greater the demand for and harvesting of natural resources. For some, the environmental issues, though they can hardly be ignored, are viewed as a (7)<\/span> c<\/span>oncern. Indeed, having an environmental conscience or taking environmental matters into consideration when it comes to decisions on whether or not to build rubber-tree (8)<\/span> o<\/span>r grow biofuel crops would be quite (9)<\/span> i<\/span>ndeed. For those involved in such schemes it is a pretty black- and white issue. And, for vast (10)<\/span> <\/span>of land in Latin America, for example, it is clear that the welfare of the rainforests matters little to local government when vast sums of money can be made from cultivating the land. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. emerging <\/span>B. emergent<\/span> C. convergent D. resurgent 2. A. grown <\/span>B. born<\/span> C. bred D. arisen <\/span>3. A. multinationals<\/span> B. migrants C. continentals D. intercontinentals 4. A. premonition <\/span>B. abundance<\/span> C. amplitude D. accumulation <\/span>5. A<\/span>. exploitation <\/span>B. exploration<\/span> C. surveyance D. research 6. A. vacuous B. viscous C. vexatious <\/span>D. vicious<\/span> 7. A. parallel B. extrinsic <\/span>C. peripheral<\/span> D. exponential 8. <\/span>A. plantations<\/span> B. homesteads <\/span>C. <\/span>ranches D. holdings 9. A. proscriptive <\/span>B. prohibitive<\/span> C. prospective D. imperative 10. A. regions B. plots <\/span>C. tracts<\/span> D. sectors <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Use only one word in each gap. <\/span><\/p>

Despite the continued resilience of those early town perks, it wasn\u2018t until the Depression that modern Hershey started to take (1)<\/span> shape _<\/span>. Perhaps the only town in the country actually to prosper during the 1930s, it thrived because Hershey vowed his Utopia would never be on the (2) <\/span> breadline <\/span>. Instead he funded a massive building boom that gave (3)<\/span> rise t<\/span>o the most visited buildings in today’s Hershey and delivered wages to more than 600 workers. He admitted that his (4) <\/span> intentions <\/span>were partly selfish: <\/span>\u2015<\/span>If I don\u2018t provide work for them, I\u2018ll have to feed them. And since <\/span>building materials are now at their lowest cost levels, I\u2018m going to build and give them jobs.\u2016 He seems to have spared no (5)<\/span> expense <\/span>; most of the new buildings were strikingly opulent. The first to be finished was the three-million-dollar limestone Community Centre, home to the 1,904-seat Venetian- style Hershey Community Theatre, which has played (6)<\/span> host <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

 s<\/span>ince 1933 to touring Broadway shows and to music, dance, and opera performances. It offers just as much to look at when the lights are on and the curtains closed. The floors in the aptly (7) <\/span> named G<\/span>rand Lobby are polished Italian lava rock, surrounded by marble walls and capped with a bas-relief ceiling showing (8)<\/span> sheaves o<\/span>f wheat, beehives, swans, and scenes from Roman mythology. With dazzling inner foyer, Hershey (9) <\/span><\/p>

 thumbed h<\/span>is nose even harder at the ravages of the Depression: The arched ceiling is tiled in gold, the fire curtain bears a painting of Venice, and the ceiling is studded with 88 tiny lightbulbs to re-create a star-(10)<\/span> lit n<\/span>ight. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the best answer. <\/span><\/p>

CLOUD SEEDING <\/span><\/p>

Precipitation is essential for any type of farming, and since the development of agriculture man has attempted to gain influence over or to control this life-giving phenomenon. For much of human history, such efforts have been the <\/span>province <\/span>of shamans, witch doctors, and priests, who have sought to enlist the aid of the supernatural in bringing steady and reliable rains during the growing season. <\/span>In fact, in many earlier societies, the great authority afforded to such individuals was explicitly based on their claims to supposedly command the rains to come<\/span>. <\/span>In modern times, most societies have turned away<\/span><\/p>

from such superstitions. Rain-making efforts continue today, albeit under the guise of science. Modern rain-making efforts centre around the practice of cloud seeding, in which certain chemicals (usually silver iodide) are released into the atmosphere to induce precipitation. In order to understand this process, it is first necessary to understand what causes precipitation under natural circumstances. <\/span><\/p>

Precipitation requires two processes to take place inside a cloud: condensation and coalescence. Condensation occurs when the air in a cloud cools beyond a certain point. Clouds are essentially masses of air saturated with water vapour, and the amount of water vapour that the air can hold is a function of temperature. Warmer air can hold more water vapour, while cooler air can hold less. Thus, when a mass of warm air cools, either as a result of a collision with a cooler mass of air or through some other process, its ability to hold water vapour decreases. When this ability drops below the amount of water vapour the cloud actually holds, the cloud is said to be supersaturated. At this point, the water vapour will begin to condense into tiny microscopic droplets. <\/span><\/p>

While the supersaturation of the cloud marks the point at which water droplets begin to form, it does not always result in precipitation. These initial water droplets are so small that the force of air resistance and <\/span>upward breaths <\/span>of wind are sufficient to keep them suspended within the cloud. It is when these water droplets begin to combine into larger water drops or freeze in to ice crystals, a process known as coalescence, that they gain enough mass to fall as either rain or snow. In order to coalesce, however, these water droplets must first have something to coalesce around. Typically, this is a microscopic particle of dirt or dust that has been blown up into a cloud. Without the presence of such particles, precipitation is nearly impossible. In fact, in clouds without these particles, condensed water droplets may even drop below the freezing point without coalescing into raindrops or snowflakes. <\/span><\/p>

It is precisely these conditions which cloud seeding seeks to exploit. In cloud seeding, super-fine particles of silver iodide are released into a cloud in an attempt to initiate coalescence and thus produce precipitation. The silver iodide is typically delivered via a ground-launched rocket or a plane that has been specially outfitted with cloud-seeding equipment. In either case, the process is the same. If successful, the water droplets will coalesce around the particles of silver iodide and fall as either rain or snow, depending on temperatures closer to the ground. <\/span><\/p>

While cloud seeding works in theory, its real-world <\/span>efficacy <\/span>is more open to debate. There are undeniably cases in which cloud seeding does produce precipitation. However, it is often impossible to tell whether greater amounts of precipitation occur with the aid of cloud seeding than would have occurred naturally. Moreover, cloud seeding can only work when cloud conditions are already ripe for precipitation; that is, when a cloud is already supersaturated. In instances when this is not the case, cloud seeding is powerless to produce rain. Cloud seeding, for example, may initiate rainfall in temperate climates, but it would be a futile practice in desert regions. Another drawback is that cloud seeding naturally results in rainfalls laden with silver iodide, which can be toxic to vegetation and wildlife in high enough concentrations. Despite these limitations, cloud seeding is a growing practice worldwide. Currently, 24 nations, including the United States, China, Russia, and Australia, have active cloud seeding programs. Some of these nations have begun to experiment with materials other than silver iodide in their programs, hoping to find a method of cloud seeding that is more environmentally friendly. <\/span><\/p>

1. The <\/span>wor<\/span>d <\/span>\u2015<\/span>pro<\/span>v<\/span>in<\/span>ce<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the pa<\/span>ssa<\/span>ge <\/span>is closest <\/span>in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. authority B. jurisdiction C. realm <\/span>D. specialty<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

2. In paragraph 1, why does the author allude to kahunas, healers and clerics? <\/span><\/p>

A. To belabour the point that rain in religious rituals is of great import <\/span><\/p>

B. To elucidate the futility of all rain-making endeavours <\/span><\/p>

C. To illustrate the dearth of empirical erudition amidst primitive civilisations<\/span><\/p>

D. To yield a celebrated background for rainmaking<\/span> <\/span>ventures<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

3. Based on the information in paragraph 2, condensation can best be designated as<\/span> <\/span>. A. the amalgam of minuscule water droplets <\/span><\/p>

B. the diminution of air temperatures inside a cloud <\/span><\/p>

C. the genesis of water droplets from water vapour<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

D. the resistance of water vapour to supersaturation <\/span><\/p>

4. What is required for coalescence to transpire? <\/span><\/p>

A. Air temperatures must depreciate to a critical level. <\/span><\/p>

B. The aggregate of water vapour in a cloud must exceed a certain point. <\/span><\/p>

C. Water droplets must become sufficiently dense to overcome air resistance. <\/span><\/p>

D. Water droplets must have something on which to affix themselves.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

5. According to paragraph 4, the mantle of silver iodide in cloud seeding is to<\/span> <\/span>. A. augment the amount of water vapour in the cloud <\/span><\/p>

B. diminish the inclusive air temperature in the cloud <\/span><\/p>

C. expedite coalescence<\/span> D. facilitate condensation <\/span><\/p>

6. The <\/span>wor<\/span>d <\/span>\u2015<\/span>efficacy<\/span>\u201d <\/span>in the paragraph 5 <\/span>is <\/span>close<\/span>st <\/span>in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A, prevalence B. reliability C. sanctuary <\/span>D. usefulness<\/span> 7. Based on paragraph 5, what can be inferred about cloud seeding? <\/span><\/p>

A. Cloud seeding actually precipitates very little environmental desecration. <\/span><\/p>

B. Cloud seeding does not always work.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

C. Cloud seeding methods have never been appraised. <\/span><\/p>

D. The overheads of cloud seeding are exorbitant to be viable. <\/span><\/p>

8. Why are nations looking for auxiliary constituents to manoeuvre in cloud seeding? <\/span>A. Silver iodide introduces poisons into the environment.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

B. Silver iodide wields extortionate delivery modi operandi like projectiles and airplanes. C. The availability of silver iodide is extremely limited. <\/span><\/p>

D. They hanker after a more effective component than silver iodide. <\/span><\/p>

9. Which of the sentences below best conveys the intrinsic information in <\/span>the highlighted sentence <\/span>in  the passage? <\/span><\/p>

A. In primeval societies, only puissant individuals (ecclesiastics) had the prerogative to command the  rains. <\/span><\/p>

B. In primitive civilisations, authority epitomes dodged explicit assertions about constraining the rains. <\/span>C. The formidable stature of religious epitomes in primitive civilisations was primarily due to their<\/span>  <\/span>allegations to restrain the rain.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

D. The greatness of primeval societies was grounded in the adroitness of ethereal leaders to create rain. 10. The phra<\/span>s<\/span>e <\/span>\u2015<\/span>upward breaths<\/span>\u201d <\/span>in the pa<\/span>ssage <\/span>can be replaced by<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. upbraids <\/span>B. updraughts<\/span> C. upheavals D. uprisings <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Read the following passage and choose the most suitable from A to G on the list and write it  in each gap from 1 to 5 and from the gap 6 to 10 complete the notes. <\/span><\/p>

DOES GLOBALIZATION HELP THE POOR? <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>In recent years, we have heard steady proclamations emanating from the advocates of economic<\/span> <\/span>globalization<\/span> and leaders of the world\u2018s leading financial institutions – the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund (IMF), the World Trade Organization (WTO), etc. – that the ultimate purpose in pushing economic globalization is to help the world\u2018s poor. More specifically, they contend that removing barriers to corporate trade and financial investments is the best path to growth, which they claim offers the best chance of rescuing the poor from poverty. They also assert that the millions<\/span><\/p>

of people who oppose the economic globalization model are harming the interests of the poor. They should back off and leave it to corporations, bankers and global bureaucracies to do the planning and solve the world\u2018s problems. Such claims are routinely replayed in the media. One prominent national columnist writes, ‘Protesters are choking the only route out of poverty for the world\u2018s poor.\u2018 In other words, if the protesting stopped, the financial institutions would save the day. Is this believable? Is it the salvation of the poor that really drives global corporations or are their primary motives quite different? <\/span><\/p>

B. <\/span>Almost all the evidence from the most robust period of economic globalization – 1970 to the end of the 20th century \u2014 shows that its outcome is the exact opposite of what its supporters claim. Interestingly, this evidence now comes as much from the proponents of globalization as from its opponents. Clearly, poverty and inequality are rapidly accelerating everywhere on Earth. A 1999 report by the United Nations Development Program found that inequalities between rich and poor within and among countries are quickly expanding, and that the global trading and finance system is a primary cause. Even the US Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) confirms the United Nations\u2018 (UN) conclusions, agreeing that globalization brings massive inequalities. <\/span>\u2015<\/span>The benefits of globalization do not reach the poor,\u2016 says the CIA, ‘and the process inevitably results in increased unrest and protest.\u2018 <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>The ideologies and rules of economic globalization – including free trade, deregulation and privatization – have destroyed the livelihoods of millions of people, often leaving them homeless, landless and hungry, while removing their access to the most basic public services like health and medical care, education, sanitation, fresh water and public transport. The records show that economic globalization makes things worse for the poor, not better. Economic globalization has actually succeeded in making global corporations and a few elites wildly wealthy. Of the largest 100 economies m the world, 52 are corporations. This is what the UN describes as the \u2017staggering concentration of wealth among the ultra-wealthy\u2018. <\/span><\/p>

D. <\/span>Contrary to claims, wealth generated by globalization does not trickle down. Rather, the wealth is locked at the top, removing from governments and communities the very tools necessary to redistribute it, and in doing so protect domestic industries, social services, the environment and sustainable livelihoods. There may be isolated instances where temporary improvement has been achieved in Third World countries, and, of course, the financial institutions love to trumpet these. The truth, however, is that benefit has been very short-lived and the majority of it has gone to the elites in these countries and to the chief executives of the global corporations at the hub of the process. <\/span><\/p>

E. <\/span>People may point to the \u2017Asian Tiger\u2018 economies like Taiwan, South Korea and Singapore as examples of the success of globalization, but the truth is that improvement has not been achieved by assiduously adhering to the dictates of international financial advisors. These economies initially resisted the prescribed economic model, and managed to stay free of the volatility of export markets. When they did finally succumb to pressure from the IMF and the World Bank, they found their glory days quickly disappearing into the infamous Asian financial crisis of the late 90s. <\/span><\/p>

F. <\/span>The majority of poor countries have not enjoyed much benefit from globalization, and a growing number of people understand that the system is selling a false promise. The policies of the financial institutions are not designed to benefit them, but to benefit rich industrial countries and their global corporations. The question then is: <\/span>\u2015<\/span>Do these globalizing institutions know what they\u2018re doing or do they just mindly follow a failed ideological model?\u2016 Many commentators fiercely opposed to globalization now firmly believe that the institutions do indeed know exactly what they’re doing and that they always have. They have an assignment to remove all obstacles to the free flow of capital as they seek to pry open the world\u2018s last natural resource pools, markets and cheap labour.To suggest they<\/span><\/p>

do all this to help the poor is high cynicism. <\/span><\/p>

G. <\/span>Perhaps the most traumatic impact of globalization has resulted from local economies being forced to shift from a small-scale diversified agricultural model towards the industrial export model. Half the world’s population still lives directly on the land, growing food for their communities. They grow staples and a mix of diverse crops, and they replant with indigenous seed varieties developed over centuries. They have perfected their own fertilization and pesticide management. Such systems have sustained hundreds of millions of people for millennia. <\/span><\/p>

Global corporations must resist local self-sufficiency. Profit is generated by increased processing activity and global trading. We have seen companies spend millions of dollars on publicity professing that small farmers are not productive enough to feed the hungry world. This publicity runs in tandem with the investment and trade strategies of the same companies – strategies that aim to replace local, diverse farming for self-reliance with monocultures. The people who once grew their crops are driven off their land. People who once fed themselves become landless, homeless, jobless and hungry. Dependency and starvation replace self-sufficient livelihoods and self-reliant nations, while global corporations maintain their wealth by shipping luxury items thousands of miles to already overfed markets. Clearly, these corporations are not concerned about feeding the hungry. They are concerned about feeding themselves. <\/span><\/p>

The passage has seven sections labelled A-G. For questions 1-5, choose the correct heading for each  section from the list of headings in the box. You do not need to use all the headings<\/span>. I. Initial gains – ultimate disaster <\/span><\/p>

II. A stark contrast between the poor and the super-rich. <\/span><\/p>

III. The obliteration of traditional practices <\/span><\/p>

IV. The poor must take some responsibility <\/span><\/p>

V. Boasts about small victories are misplaced <\/span><\/p>

VI. We know best. Don’t try to stop us. <\/span><\/p>

VII. Markets yet to be exploited <\/span><\/p>

VIII. Incompetence or a well planned strategy? <\/span><\/p>

IX Parties on both sides can see the short-comings <\/span><\/p>

X. Asia leads the way <\/span><\/p>

Example: Paragraph B: IX <\/span><\/p>

Paragraph G: III <\/span><\/p>

1. Paragraph A :vi <\/span><\/p>

2. Paragraph C :ii <\/span><\/p>

3. Paragraph D :v <\/span><\/p>

4. Paragraph E :i <\/span><\/p>

5. Paragraph F :vii <\/span><\/p>

For questions 6-10, complete the notes. Use NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. <\/span>Globalization \u2013 two sides of the coin <\/span><\/p>

Advocates say: <\/span><\/p>

Growth realized only by (6)<\/span> removing barriers t<\/span>o business <\/span><\/p>

Hope of salvation thwarted by (7) <\/span>protestors <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

Opponents say: <\/span><\/p>

(8)<\/span> Advocates o<\/span>f the system equally sceptical  <\/span><\/p>

Millions destitute without essential (9)<\/span> public services <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

(10)<\/span> Corporations n<\/span>ow wealthier than some countries<\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Describing the table. <\/span><\/p>

The table below shows the percentage use of four different fuel types to generate electricity in five European countries in 2001. Write at least 150 words to describe it. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

<\/td>
<\/td>
<\/td>

Nuclear Coal & lignite Petroleum products Hydro & wind <\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td>

Other<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Germany <\/span><\/p><\/td>

29 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

50 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

1 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

6 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

13<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Britain <\/span><\/p><\/td>

23 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

34 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

2 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

2 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

39<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Italy <\/span><\/p><\/td>

0 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

11 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

27 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

20 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

42<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Sweden <\/span><\/p><\/td>

45 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

1 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

2 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

49 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

44<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Belgium <\/span><\/p><\/td>

58 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

12 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

2 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

2 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

26<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 2. Summary <\/span><\/p>

Read the following paragraph carefully. Use your own words to summarize it. You MUST NOT copy the original. <\/span><\/p>

Let children learn to judge their own work. A child learning to talk does not learn by being corrected all the time: if corrected too much, he will stop talking. He notices a thousand times a day the difference between the language he uses and the language those around him use. Bit by bit, he makes the necessary changes to make his language like other people\u2018s. In the same way, children learning to do all the other things they learn to do without being taught \u2013 to walk, run, climb, whistle, ride a bicycle \u2013 compare their own performances with those of more skilled people, and slowly make the needed changes. But in school we never give a child a chance to find out his mistakes for himself, let alone correct them. We do it all for him. We act as if we thought that he would never notice a mistake unless it was pointed out to him, or correct it unless he was made to. Soon he becomes dependent on the teacher. Let him do it himself. Let him work out, with the help of other children if he wants it, what this word says, what the answer is to that problem, whether this is a good way of saying or doing this or not. <\/span><\/p>

If it is a matter of right answers, as it may be in mathematics or science, give him the answer book. Let him correct his own papers. Why should we teachers waste time on such routine work? Our job should be to help the child when he tells us that he can\u2018t find the way to get the right answer. Let\u2018s end all this nonsense of grades, exams, marks. Let us throw them all out, and let the children learn what all educated persons must some days learn, how to measure their own understanding, how to know what they know or do not know. <\/span><\/p>

Let them get on with this job in the way that seems most sensible to them, with our help as school teachers if they ask for it. The idea that there is a body of knowledge to be learnt at school and used for the rest of one\u2018s life is nonsense in a world as complicated and rapidly changing as ours. Anxious parents and teachers say, \u2017But suppose they fail to learn something essential, something they will need to get on in the world?\u2018 Don\u2018t worry! If it is essential, they will go out into the world and learn it. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Essay <\/span><\/p>

Some people think that modern games can help children develop a wide range of skills, but others  argue that traditional games can be much better for developing such skills. What is your opinion? Write an essay of about 350 words to express your view. Use specific reasons and examples to  support your answer. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

PRACTICE TEST 5<\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Listen and complete the note with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND\/ OR A  NUMBER. <\/span><\/p>

Rented Properties Customer\u2019s Requirement <\/span><\/p>

Name: Steven Godfrey <\/span><\/p>

No. of bedrooms: four <\/span><\/p>

Preferred location: in the (1)<\/span> o<\/span>f the town <\/span><\/p>

Maximum monthly rent: \u20ac (2)  <\/span><\/p>

Length of let required: (3)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

Starting: (4)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

Address <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Rooms <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Monthly <\/span><\/p>

rent<\/span><\/p><\/td>

Problem<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Oakington Avenue <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Living\/ dining room, separate kitchen <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u00a3550 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

(5)<\/span> <\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Mead Street <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Large living room and kitchen, bathroom and (6)<\/span> <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u00a3580 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

The(7)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

too large<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Hamilton Road <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Living room, kitchen-dinner, and a (8) <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u00a3550 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

(9)<\/span> <\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Devon Close <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Living room, dining room, small kitchen <\/span><\/p><\/td>

\u00a3 <\/span><\/p>

(10)<\/span> <\/span><\/p><\/td>

none<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 2. Listen to the recording and give short answers to the following questions. <\/span>1. Why is the National Arts Center famous all over the world? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

2. What was the Center called when it was planned in the 60s? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

3. When was the National Arts Center opened to the public? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

4. What organization runs the National Arts Center? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

5. How many days per year is the Center open? <\/span><\/p>

 <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Listen and decide whether the following statements are true (T) or false (F). <\/span>1. <\/span>Time Out <\/span>had a comprehensive list of events, which was unlike other publications in 1968. 2. He had the experience of starting a student magazine. <\/span><\/p>

3. Tony had found an alternative career so he decided to leave university. <\/span><\/p>

4. The magazine became a weekly one due to the increase in the quantity of information. 5. The big publishers were not interested in this type of magazine because it came out too frequently. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Listen to the recording and choose the correct answers. <\/span><\/p>

1. What does Sandra write the proposal for? <\/span><\/p>

A. to submit for an online magazine B. to do the takehome exam <\/span><\/p>

C. to submit for a competition D. to do a research <\/span><\/p>

2. The tutor thinks that Sandra\u2018s proposal<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. needs a contents page B. should include more reference sources C. out to include more information D. should be reordered in some parts 3. The proposal would be easier to follow if Sandra<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. inserted subheadings B. used more paragraphs<\/span><\/p>

C. shortened her sentences D. clarified her approach <\/span><\/p>

4. What was the problem with the formatting on Sandra\u2018s proposal? <\/span><\/p>

A. Separate points were not clearly identified. B. The headings were not always clear. C. Page numbering was not used in an appropriate way. <\/span><\/p>

D. Letters in some pages are too small. <\/span><\/p>

5. Sandra became interested in visiting the Navajo National Park through _<\/span> <\/span>. A. articles she read B. movies she saw as a child C. photographs she found on the internet D. recommendations from one of her friends <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Choose the best answer. <\/span><\/p>

1. Many young people in the West are expected to leave<\/span> c<\/span>ould be life\u2018s most important decision – marriage – almost entirely up to luck. <\/span><\/p>

A. what<\/span> B. that C. which D. who 2. Since drinking water is a<\/span> r<\/span>esource, we should let children know how precious it is, and teach  them to conserve it. <\/span><\/p>

A. limitless <\/span>B. limited <\/span>C. limiting D. limitation 3. When disaster<\/span> <\/span>, organisations such as Oxfam quickly provide help. <\/span><\/p>

A. comes B. approaches C. arrives <\/span>D. strikes<\/span> 4. The number of people traveling by air has been growing<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. by leaps and bounds B. <\/span>from time to time C<\/span>. slow but sure D. by hook and crook 5. The boss told the workers that he would try his best to continue running the company and promised  not to<\/span> a<\/span>ny employees during the economic recession. <\/span><\/p>

A. cross out B. shut down C. la<\/span>y off<\/span> D. take over 6. Drug-taking is a crime which society simply cannot<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. approve<\/span> B. acknowledge C. consent D. condone 7. No one could<\/span> a<\/span>ny light at all on the cause of the explosion. <\/span><\/p>

A. put B. turn <\/span>C. throw<\/span> D. switch 8. You can\u2018t just<\/span> y<\/span>our head in the sand \u2013 you\u2018ve got to face up to the problem. A. consign <\/span>B. bury<\/span> C. hide D. cover 9. The accident is said<\/span> t<\/span>he driver\u2018s careless driving and the thick fog. <\/span><\/p>

A. to have been resulted in <\/span>B. to result from<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

C. having resulted in D. to have resulted from <\/span><\/p>

10. I was scared<\/span> w<\/span>hen I looked down from the top of the cliff. <\/span><\/p>

A. tight B. s<\/span>tiff<\/span> C. hard D. solid <\/span><\/p>

P<\/span>art 2. Use the word given i<\/span>n CAPITALS in brackets to form a word that fits in each gap of the text below. <\/span><\/p>

Shadow puppetry is a traditional art form that often goes (1. <\/span>APPRECIATE<\/span>)<\/span> unappreciated <\/span> in modem times. A large part of the (2. <\/span>APPEALABLE<\/span>)<\/span> appeal o<\/span>f puppet shows is the (3. <\/span>CRAFT<\/span>)<\/span> craftmanship b<\/span>ehind the creation of the actual puppets. In shadow puppetry, on the other hand, the puppets remain (4. <\/span>SEE<\/span>)<\/span> unseen <\/span>, so the real artistry is in the presentation. The combination of the puppets\u2018 shape, the background screen, and the light itself creates the overall effect of the shadow puppet show. The task of the director is to ensure these elements are working together (5. <\/span>HARMONY<\/span>)<\/span> harmoniously i<\/span>n order to produce the optimal experience for the audience. The screen is the medium through which the audience experiences the performance, so selecting the best screen is among great (6. <\/span>ESSENTIAL<\/span>)<\/span> essentials <\/span>. One unique challenge for the director is that the presentation is two-dimensional. The screen is flat, so puppets can only move<\/span><\/p>

forwards and backwards. Having chosen a screen and designed the set, the next step is to determine the light that will be used. There are several factors to be considered: (7. <\/span>INTENSE<\/span>)<\/span> intensity <\/span> <\/span> <\/span>, spread, and angle. Therefore, finding the optimal (8. <\/span>COMBINE<\/span>)<\/span> combinationo<\/span>f light, shadow involves careful (9. <\/span>PLAN<\/span>)<\/span> planning a<\/span>nd scrupulous design. Every detail must be controlled in relation to others, making shadow puppetry an art of (10. <\/span>PRECISE<\/span>)<\/span> precision<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. In the following text, there are ten words which are incorrect in terms of grammar or vocabulary. Underline and correct them. <\/span><\/p>

Correction <\/span><\/p>

Cars became popular as a quick and comfortable way of getting around. This is still <\/span>0……\u221a……… <\/span>true when you <\/span>will drive <\/span>along a quiet country road or a modern motorway. As far as <\/span>00..drive\u2026 <\/span>getting from one place to another in the city is concerned, it is a different story. <\/span>1……………. <\/span>Whenever I want to get up anywhere in a hurry, I leave the car at home and go on foot. <\/span>2……………. <\/span>It often turns out to be much more quicker. I still make the mistake now and again of <\/span>3……………. <\/span>thinking the car is an efficient means of a transport. The other day my wife was feeling <\/span>4……………. <\/span>a bit under the weather. She had been having terrible headaches for some long time and <\/span>5……………. <\/span>she decided she couldn\u2018t take it any more and asked from me to give her a lift to the <\/span>6……………. <\/span>doctor, whose surgery is in the center part of a town. We live in a suburb in the old <\/span>7……………. <\/span>quarter of the city and it is twenty minutes away on foot. On the way back, however, it <\/span>8……………. <\/span>is all up hill and I must to admit it can be exhausting, especially on a hot day. <\/span>9……………. <\/span>Reluctantly I got the car out of the garage and we set it off, muttering about the <\/span>10……………. <\/span><\/p>

wonders of taxis. My heart sank as we hit the first traffic jam – I knew we were beginning a long journey. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Fill in each gap of the following sentence with an appropriate particle or preposition. <\/span>1. The problem stemmed<\/span> from t<\/span>he government\u2018s lack of action. 2. The argument is centered<\/span> around w<\/span>hether or not to lower the age limit 3. Don\u2018t waste time brooding<\/span> over y<\/span>ou past failures. <\/span><\/p>

4. I am afraid there is no milk left, we have to fall back<\/span> on d<\/span>ried milk for our tea. 5. Tom got carried<\/span> away b<\/span>y the music and wouldn\u2018t stop singing. 6. I am going to stay at university and try to put<\/span> through g<\/span>etting a job for a few years. 7. Her husband has been apprising<\/span> of t<\/span>he good news for their son. 8. She swims so well that she really should go in<\/span> for t<\/span>he competition. 9. I almost creased<\/span> up w<\/span>hen I heard Tim was going to play Romeo in the school play. 10. He is in a critical condition in hospital, so we\u2018re praying he\u2018ll pull<\/span> thorugh<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space. <\/span><\/p>

The archaeologist Howard Carter died in Egypt only five months after uncovering the tomb of King<\/span> <\/span>Tutankhamen<\/span> in the Upper Valley of the Nile. Twenty-five involved in the project also died within a year of the excavation of the tomb. <\/span>Newspa<\/span>pe<\/span>rs <\/span>at the time (1) the deaths to the <\/span>\u2015<\/span>Mummy\u2018s Curse\u2016 after a journalist (2)<\/span> t<\/span>o have found a hieroglyphic inscription at the entrance to the tomb. The writer Sir Authur Conan Doyle, creator of the famous fictional detective Sherlock Holmes, also advanced the story, insisting that a <\/span>\u2015<\/span>pharaoh\u2018s curse<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>was (3)<\/span> f<\/span>or the dea<\/span>ths. Do<\/span>c<\/span>tors <\/span>have long speculated that they (4)<\/span> v<\/span>ictim to some sort of bacteria, but now Dr. Nicola Di Paulo, a kidney disease expert and (5)<\/span> a<\/span>rchaeologist, has obtained the first clinical proof of the (6)<\/span> g<\/span>rowth <\/span>of a (7) toxic microscopic fungus. <\/span>\u2015<\/span>In tombs which have been closed for centuries, air and damp may penetrate minute cracks in the walls, permitting the growth of poisonous moulds,\u2016 Di Paulo said<\/span><\/p>

recently. He speculated that an explorer who entered a tomb that had been closed for centuries without using a mask must have inhaled dust full of toxins from the mould. (8)<\/span> ,<\/span> he said, researchers handling the mummy and other objects found in Tutankhanmen\u2018s tomb could have breathed in the toxic mould. While small (9)<\/span> a<\/span>re thought to be harmless, Di Paulo said long \u2013term exposure could be fatal, causing (10)<\/span> d<\/span>egeneration of the kidneys and liver. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. blamed B. associated C. implicated <\/span>D. attributed<\/span> 2. A. said <\/span>B. claimed<\/span> C. held D. insisted 3. A. guilty B<\/span>. responsible<\/span> C. culpable D. reprehensible 4. A<\/span>. fell<\/span> B. felt C. became D. came 5. A. beginner B. apprentice C<\/span>. amateur<\/span> D. unprofessional 6. A. quick B. fast C. swift D<\/span>. rapid<\/span> 7. A. rather B. rarely <\/span>C. highly<\/span> D. absolutely 8. A. Likely B. Si<\/span>milarly<\/span> C. Exactly D. Identically 9. A. q<\/span>uantities<\/span> B. measures C. masses D. numbers <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

10. A. perilous <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Use only ONE word. <\/span><\/p>

B. grave <\/span>C. severe<\/span> D. dangerous <\/span>SPECTATOR SPORTS <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

A surprising number of popular spectator sports, for example football or basketball, started in Europe or the USA in the nineteenth century. This did not happen by chance. It was the result of changes in the (1)<\/span> wayp<\/span>eople lived in those places at that time. <\/span><\/p>

Until then (2)<\/span> more p<\/span>eople lived in the country than in towns as they found their urban life so complicated and pricey. They worked in small groups and seemed to have no regular time (3) <\/span> <\/span>off .<\/span> <\/span>All this changed with the growth of factories and industry in the nineteenth century, first in Europe and then in the USA. For the first time most people began to live in towns, and they found themselves with regular free time. They had more leisure time than ever before. <\/span><\/p>

This (4)<\/span> resulted i<\/span>n the need for organized entertainment or recreation. Suitable games developed or (5)<\/span> were i<\/span>nvented, typically team games, in (6)<\/span> which <\/span>the crowded could take sides and become involved. This gave people some of the entertainment or enjoyment they needed in (7)<\/span> their f<\/span>ree time. <\/span><\/p>

The recent explosion in TV, together (8)<\/span> with t<\/span>he introduction of satellite and cable channels, (9)<\/span> has c<\/span>aused an increase in demand for sports as entertainment. The money TV has brought to games such as football, tennis and baseball means that spectator sports will certainly go on playing an important (10)<\/span> role i<\/span>n our lives. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the correct answer. <\/span><\/p>

Ocean water plays an indispensable role in supporting life. The great ocean basins hold about 300 million cubic miles of water. From this vast amount, about 80,000 cubic miles of water are sucked into the atmosphere each year by evaporation and returned by precipitation and drainage to the ocean. More than 24,000 cubic miles of rain descend annually upon the continents. <\/span>This vast amount <\/span>is required to <\/span>replenish <\/span>the lakes and streams, springs and water tables on which all flora and fauna are dependent. Thus, the hydrosphere permits organic existence. <\/span><\/p>

The hydrosphere has strange characteristics because water has properties unlike those of any other liquid. One anomaly is that water upon freezing expands by about 9 percent, whereas most liquids contract on cooling. For this reason, ice floats on water bodies instead of sinking to the bottom. If the ice sank, the hydrosphere would soon be frozen solidly, except for a thin layer of surface melt water<\/span><\/p>

during the summer season. Thus, all aquatic life would be destroyed and the interchange of warm and cold currents, which moderates climate, would be notably absent. <\/span><\/p>

Another <\/span>outstanding <\/span>characteristic of water is that water has a heat capacity which is the highest of all liquids and solids except ammonia. This characteristic enables the oceans to absorb and store vast quantities of heat, thereby often preventing climatic extremes. In addition, water dissolves more substances than any other liquid. It is this characteristic which helps make oceans a great storehouse for minerals which have been washed down from the continents. In several areas of the world these minerals are being commercially exploited. Solar evaporation of salt is widely practiced, potash is extracted from the Dead Sea, and magnesium is produced from sea water along the American Gulf Coast. <\/span><\/p>

1. <\/span>The author\u2018s main purpose in this passage is to . <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>illustrate the importance of conserving water <\/span>B. <\/span>describe the properties and uses of water<\/span> <\/span>C. <\/span>compare water with other liquids <\/span><\/p>

D. <\/span>explain how water is used in commerce and industry <\/span><\/p>

2. <\/span>The phrase <\/span>\u201c<\/span>this vast amount<\/span>\u201d <\/span>in paragraph 1 refers to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>80,000 million cubic miles of water <\/span>B<\/span>. <\/span>24,000 cubic miles of rain<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>80,000 cubic miles of water <\/span>D. <\/span>300 million cubic miles of water <\/span>3. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u201c<\/span>replenish<\/span>\u201d <\/span>in paragraph 1 can best replaced by <\/span>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>fill again<\/span> <\/span>B. <\/span>replace <\/span>C. <\/span>evaporate <\/span>D. <\/span>form <\/span>4. <\/span>According to the passage, fish can survive in the oceans because <\/span>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>evaporation and condensation create a water cycle <\/span>B. <\/span>there are currents in the oceans <\/span>C. <\/span>they do not need oxygen <\/span>D. <\/span>ice floats<\/span> <\/span>5. <\/span>Which of the following is <\/span>NOT <\/span>mentioned as a characteristic of water? <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>Water can absorb heat <\/span>B. <\/span>Water is good solvent. <\/span><\/p>

C<\/span>. <\/span>Water contracts<\/span> <\/span>on cooling<\/span> <\/span>D. <\/span>Water expands when it is frozen <\/span>6. <\/span>The word <\/span>\u201c<\/span>outstanding<\/span>\u201d <\/span>in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>exceptionally <\/span>good <\/span>B. <\/span>special <\/span>C. <\/span>amusing <\/span>D. <\/span>important <\/span>7. <\/span>According the passage, the hydrosphere is <\/span>NOT<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>the part of the earth covered by water <\/span>B. <\/span>responsible for all forms of life <\/span>C. <\/span>in danger of freezing over<\/span> <\/span>D. <\/span>a source of natural resources <\/span>8. <\/span>The author\u2018s tone in the passage can best be described as<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>dispassionate <\/span>B. <\/span>speculative <\/span>C. <\/span>biased <\/span>D. <\/span>dogmatic <\/span>9. <\/span>The author organizes the passage by<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>juxtaposition of true and untrue ideas <\/span>B. <\/span>comparison and contrast <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>general statement followed by examples<\/span> <\/span>D. <\/span>hypothesis and proof <\/span><\/p>

10. <\/span>Which of the following statements would be the most likely to begin the paragraph immediately  following the passage? <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>Water has the ability to erode land<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

B. <\/span>Droughts and flooding are two types of disasters associated with water <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>Another remarkably property of ice is its strength <\/span><\/p>

D. <\/span>Magnesium is widely used in metallurgical processes <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Read the following passage and do the tasks that follow. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>Famous for its beautiful setting, San Francisco is built on a series of steep hills located on the northern tip of a peninsula at the entrance to San Francisco Bay. The bay and its extensions, constitute one of the great natural harbors of the world, embracing nearly 1,200 sq km of water. Because of this,<\/span><\/p>

San Francisco was once the major Pacific Coast seaport of the United States. Today the city is an important center for finance, technology, tourism, and culture. <\/span><\/p>

B. <\/span>San Franciscans, and in some cases their counterparts in the Bay Area, have successfully undertaken mammoth construction projects such as the San Francisco-Oakland Bay Bridge, the Golden Gate Bridge, and the Bay Area Rapid Transit system. Since at least the 1950s, San Franciscans have also earned a reputation for tolerance of and respect for diversity. <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>The most serious social problems facing the city are not unique to San Francisco, but some have taken on greater dimensions in the city than they have elsewhere. One such problem is homelessness. From 1988 to 1992, the plaza in front of city hall became an encampment for homeless people, rendering other use impossible and raising public health concerns. The problem of homelessness persists despite the efforts of city agencies and private charities to provide shelter, health care, and drug, alcohol, and mental health treatment. In the mid-and late 1990s mayors Frank Jordan and Willie Brown both sought to discourage homeless people from living in public space in the downtown area and, in Brown\u2018s case, in Golden Gate Park. However, residents of other areas complained that because of these projects, the displaced homeless had moved into their neighborhoods. <\/span><\/p>

D. <\/span>In other areas the city has made some progress toward addressing social problems. As was true across much of the nation, the crime rate in San Francisco dropped in the 1990s, as did the rate of drug related violence. In addition, some public housing projects in San Francisco that were especially prone to violence and drug-related activity were razed and rebuilt with designs considered less likely to encourage those activities. Other public housing projects received stepped up security patrols. <\/span><\/p>

E. <\/span>Some social critics have pointed to an increasing economic and social polarization of San Francisco\u2018s population. Those who work in finance or high-tech fields are increasingly affluent, pushing rents and home prices to among the highest levels in the nation. At the same time, people who labor in the service sector often work for the minimum wage, cannot share the affluent lifestyles around them, and are hard-pressed to afford rising rents. This economic polarization coincides in part with ethnic and educational patterns. Workers in the low-wage end of the service sector are likely to have limited English proficiency and a high-school education or less; many workers in those areas are also disproportionately African American and Hispanic. By contrast, those people who work in the finance and high-tech sectors are more likely to be white or Asian American and to have one or more college degrees. <\/span><\/p>

Question 1-5: <\/span>The five paragraphs of the Reading Passage are lettered <\/span>A-E. <\/span><\/p>

Choose the most suitable headings for paragraphs <\/span>A-E <\/span>from the list of headings below. <\/span>NB <\/span>There are more headings than paragraphs, so you will not use them all. <\/span><\/p>

List of headings <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

1. <\/span>Paragraph A <\/span>ii <\/span> <\/span>2. <\/span>Paragraph B <\/span>iv <\/span> <\/span>3. <\/span>Paragraph C <\/span>v <\/span> <\/span>4. <\/span>Paragraph D <\/span>vi <\/span> <\/span>5. <\/span>Paragraph E <\/span>viii <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

i. <\/span>The problems in San Francisco. <\/span><\/p>

ii. <\/span>Geographic characteristics of San Francisco. <\/span>iii. <\/span>Ethnic and education patterns in San Francisco <\/span>iv. <\/span>San Francisco\u2018s accomplishments. <\/span><\/p>

v. <\/span>The problem of homelessness in San Francisco. <\/span>vi. <\/span>The beauty of San Francisco <\/span><\/p>

vii. <\/span>Public security improvements in San Francisco. <\/span>viii. <\/span>The problem of social economic polarization. <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

Questions 6-10: <\/span>Do the following statements agree with the information given in the Reading Passage? In the spaces provided, write:<\/span><\/p>

TRUE <\/span>if the statement agrees with the information. <\/span><\/p>

FALSE <\/span>if the statement contradicts the information. <\/span><\/p>

NOT GIVEN <\/span>if there is no information. <\/span><\/p>

6.<\/span> t <\/span>San Francisco has achieved tremendous successes in construction. <\/span><\/p>

7.<\/span> f <\/span>City agencies and private charities have succeeded in addressing the problem of homelessness. <\/span><\/p>

8.<\/span> ng <\/span>The increasing economic polarization in San Francisco has no relation to ethnic and  educational patterns. <\/span><\/p>

9.<\/span> f <\/span>V<\/span>iolence relating to drug use increased in the 1990s in San Francisco. <\/span>10.<\/span> ng <\/span>I<\/span>n big cities like San Francisco, the more rich peole there are, the higher the rent is. <\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the following paragraph carefully. Use your own words to summarize it. You MUST NOT copy the original. <\/span><\/p>

Computers should never have received the significant status they now have. Fascinating and invaluable as they are, even the most developed have less brain power than a three-year-old. They do, however, score on single mindedness. The three-year-old uses her brain not only to think but also to do some certain tasks like seeing, gearing and running about, which need incredibly fast and sophisticated electro-mechanical interactions. But the computer just sits there and sends spacecraft to the moon or rearranges the world banking system which is very mish easier. That\u2018s why man\u2018s dream of robot maids is still a long way off. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Describing graph(s) <\/span><\/p>

The table below gives information about female employment rates in government sites and the position  of managers in five countries: Ukraine, Tobago, Italy, Japan, and Canada. <\/span><\/p>

Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where  relevant. Write a least 150 words. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

Country <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Percentage of total sites in government <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Percentage of total managers<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Ukraine <\/span><\/p><\/td>

12 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

23<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Tobago <\/span><\/p><\/td>

13 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

32<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Italy <\/span><\/p><\/td>

15 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

36<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Japan <\/span><\/p><\/td>

8 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

32<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

Canada <\/span><\/p><\/td>

16 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

54<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 3. Writing an essay <\/span><\/p>

Write about the following topic: <\/span><\/p>

Many people believe that schools should teach children to become good citizens and workers rather than independent individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? Give your own opinion and relevant examples. <\/span><\/p>

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own knowledge and experience. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

PRACTICE TEST 6 <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: You will hear a part of the lecture about early history of cinema. Complete the sentences  below .Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS OR A NUMBER for each answer.<\/span><\/p>

1. Rival cameras were claimed to<\/span> t<\/span>han the Cinematographe. 2. In Russia, on one occasion, the Cinematographe was suspected of being a<\/span> <\/span>. 3. Early filming in Russia led to the creation of a new approach to<\/span> <\/span>. 4. One problem for historians is not knowing whether early equipment<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

as it was claimed. <\/span><\/p>

5. Marey encountered difficulties achieving the<\/span> o<\/span>f strips of photographic paper. <\/span><\/p>

6. The structure of the comic strip influenced the _<\/span> <\/span>. 7. Documentaries used _<\/span> s<\/span>hots before fiction films did. 8. The popularity of<\/span> f<\/span>ilms led to increased numbers of shots. 9. When filming<\/span> <\/span>, the screen might be divided. 10. As films became more complex,<\/span> b<\/span>ecame an important part of film-making. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: You will hear part of an interview with a woman who describes her experience during an  earthquake. Listen and give short phrases or sentences to answer the questions 11-15 below. <\/span>11. What did Julie think at first when her car went out of control? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 12. What frightened her most about the incident? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 13. How long did the actual earthquake last for? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 14. How did Julie presume about the size of the earthquakes right after she experienced the quake? \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 15. Did she get over the shock after the incident? <\/span><\/p>

\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: Listen to a customer speaking to telephone support. Answer the questions by choosing either  \u201cTrue\u201d, \u201cFalse\u201d. <\/span><\/p>

16. Jackie was surprised that David had problems placing his order. <\/span><\/p>

17. David needs to order the software for his office. <\/span><\/p>

18. Jackie gives him the 25% discount even though he’s not ordering online. <\/span><\/p>

19. Jackie tells David that the free microphones are usually not very good quality. 20. David buys both versions of the software. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: You will hear part of a radio interview with an economist. For questions 21-25, choose the  answer (A, B, C or D), which fits best according to what you hear. <\/span><\/p>

21. According to the Fawcet Society,<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. women would need to work into their eighties to earn as much money as men B. Good qualifications aren\u2018t necessarily rewarded with high wages <\/span><\/p>

C. women will never earn as much as men D. more women have degrees than men 22. What is said about careers advice in schools? <\/span><\/p>

A. It has been improved but it is still inadequate. <\/span><\/p>

B. It is now quite good for girls but boys are being neglected. <\/span><\/p>

C. There is no advice for girls that are ambitious. <\/span><\/p>

D. Girls are always encouraged not to be ambitious. <\/span><\/p>

23. According to Jim,<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. women are to blame for not insisting on higher wages<\/span><\/p>

B. new government policies have solved most of the problems <\/span><\/p>

C. There is nothing more the government can do <\/span><\/p>

D. women shouldn\u2018t necessarily be encouraged to change their choice of career 24. A London School of Economics report showed that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. women who worked part-time found it difficult to get a full-time job later on B. after having children, women find it harder to earn as much money as men <\/span><\/p>

C. women find it hard to find a job after having children <\/span><\/p>

D. most women want a full-time job after having a child <\/span><\/p>

25. Jim seems to believe that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. women should stay at home and look after their children <\/span><\/p>

B. women now earn as much money as men in the workplace <\/span><\/p>

C. women have been disadvantaged by outdated work ethics <\/span><\/p>

D. having children will soon be an advantage for working women <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Choose the best answer. <\/span><\/p>

1. The whereabouts of the exiled president remains a<\/span> g<\/span>uarded secret. <\/span><\/p>

A. highly <\/span>B. closely<\/span> C. deeply D. entirely 2. We should all<\/span> w<\/span>hen advertisers attempt to use unfair practices. <\/span><\/p>

A. make a stand<\/span> B. make a comeback C. make amends D. make a deal 3. It took him a long time to come to <\/span>w<\/span>ith his redundancy. <\/span><\/p>

A. rules B. words C<\/span>. terms<\/span> D. steps 4. I remember the first time I met Sue. We <\/span>im<\/span>mediately, and we have been friends ever since. A. struck it off B. struck it up <\/span>C. hit it off<\/span> D. hit on it 5. The company cannot accept<\/span> f<\/span>or injuries resulting from improper use of rental equipment. A. validity <\/span>B. liability<\/span> C. compensation D. privilege 6. Her parents always tried to<\/span> a<\/span> sense of integrity and decency in her. <\/span><\/p>

A. infuse B. <\/span>instill<\/span> C. inlay D. inset 7. Jack never cheats or tricks anybody when he plays. He always goes by the<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>A. book<\/span> B. instructions C. principles D. method 8. Recent defeats have _<\/span> h<\/span>is confidence in himself as a player. <\/span><\/p>

A. undermined<\/span> B. disable C. impeded D. hampered 9. People turned out in<\/span> t<\/span>o watch the parade on the Independence Day. <\/span><\/p>

A. volume B. mass C. force <\/span>D. bulk<\/span> 10. Not being able to find my phone number is a pretty<\/span> e<\/span>xcuse for not contacting me. A. fragile <\/span>B. frail<\/span> C. faint D. feeble <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Complete each space in the text with a word formed from the word in capitals. There is an example at the beginning (0). <\/span><\/p>

Example: out => outsider <\/span><\/p>

The job of being a journalist may look to an <\/span>(0) (OUT) <\/span>like it is a <\/span>(1) (CARE)<\/span> carefree <\/span> <\/span>existence but in fact nothing could be further from the truth. Covering stories on such <\/span>(2) (WEIGH) <\/span> <\/span>weighty i<\/span>ssues as social <\/span>(3) (DEPRIVE)<\/span> deprivation<\/span>, juvenile delinquency, teenage rebellion and people suffering from <\/span>(4) (TERMINATE)<\/span> interminable <\/span>i<\/span>llness requires a journalist to be sympathetic enough to effectively communicate other people’s suffering while maintaining their <\/span><\/p>

(5) (JOURNAL)<\/span> journalistic <\/span>d<\/span>etachment. This latter skill is especially important when reporting on such a controversial matter as <\/span>(6) (SOLUTION)<\/span> solvent <\/span>a<\/span>buse. A journalist must, from<\/span><\/p>

the <\/span>(7) (SET)<\/span> setting <\/span>p<\/span>ut aside any preconceived notions about the topic and the people he<\/span><\/p>

may encounter. He must clear from his mind any memories that in his younger days he was, or was not quite <\/span>(8) (PART)parting<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>ertain recreational drugs himself, in <\/span>(9) (READY) <\/span> <\/span>readiness <\/span>for each interview he has to conduct. This is vital if he is going to  avoid <\/span><\/p>

(10) (LOOK)<\/span> overlooking <\/span>s<\/span>ome crucial point that will make his report more insightful and more memorable than all the others on that topic. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: The passage below has 10 errors. Write their correct forms. <\/span><\/p>

Until recently, we have confined ourselves for our own solar system in the search for life, partly because we have not had evidence for the existence of other solar systems. Furthermore, our telescopes have not been powerful enough to detect planets. But not long ago, a technique was developed that could ascertain reliably whether stars have planets orbiting it. Basically, this technique relies upon our ability to detect with some degree of precision how much light a star is giving. If this change for a brief period, it is probably because a large object \u2013 a planet \u2013 is passing in front of it. At first, the technique could only establish the existence of a very large planet with an elliptical orbit that brought it in close proximity to the star. This was one of the limits of the technique: life could not exist on such large planets. Furthermore, the orbit of the planet would preclude the possibility of other, smaller planets orbiting the same star. Therefore, that particular planetary system could be effectively ruled out in terms of the search for life. <\/span><\/p>

However, astronomers using an Anglo-American telescope in New South Wales now believe they have pinpointed a planetary system which resembles to our own. For the first time, they identified a large planet, twice the size of Jupiter, orbiting a star like the sun, at much the same distance from its parent star as Jupiter is to the sun. And this is the vital point about their discovery: there is at last a theoretical possibility that smaller planets could be orbiting inside the orbit of this planet. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: Fill in the gaps in the following sentences with suitable prepositions and\/ or particles. There  is an example at the beginning (0). <\/span><\/p>

1. She was completely snowed\u2026………..with work right after taking up the managerial post <\/span>Example: 0 – under <\/span><\/p>

2. He is charged with having conned people\u2026into…………..illegal dealings. <\/span><\/p>

3. We need to see to it that any of the difficulties can be ironed\u2026out….and dealt with. 4. I am of the view that Susan is\u2026\u2026in\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.a great storyline for her novel; she dashed out of her  room looking extremely excited. <\/span><\/p>

5. Protests from Chinese intellectuals are muted, but security around the area is beefed\u2026up………with additional police patrols. <\/span><\/p>

6. We have managed to muddle\u2026through….although it\u2018s been a bit of a strain for the past few years. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: For questions 1- 10, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits  each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). <\/span><\/p>

Example: <\/span><\/p>

0 A. measure <\/span>B. consider <\/span>C. regard D. notice <\/span>BEAUTY IS IN THE EYE OF THE BEHOLDER <\/span><\/p>

People have been debating the principles of beauty for thousands of years, but it still seems<\/span> <\/span>impossible<\/span> to (0) it objectively. German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1) whether something can possess an objective property that makes it beautiful. He concluded that although everyone accepts that beauty exists, no one has ever agreed on the precise criteria by which beauty may be (2)<\/span> <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

The ancient Greek philosopher Plato wrote of a scale called the \u2017golden proportion\u2018, according to which the width of the face should be two-thirds of its length, preferably (3)<\/span> b<\/span>y a nose no longer than the distance between the eyes. <\/span><\/p>

Symmetry has been proved to be attractive to the human (4)<\/span> <\/span>, so a face may seem beautiful because of the (5)<\/span> b<\/span>etween its two sides. Babies spend more time looking at symmetrical faces than asymmetrical ones and symmetry is also (6)<\/span> a<\/span>s more attractive by adults looking at photos. So although there seems to be no (7) agreement or even national consensus on what (8) beauty, there is at least some agreement that facial symmetry is an important (9)<\/span> .<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

In the meantime, if you look at your partner and regard them as beautiful, you can congratulate yourself (10)<\/span> t<\/span>he thought that people generally end up with a partner of a comparable level of attractiveness as themselves. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. argued B. decided C. suggested <\/span>D. questioned<\/span> 2. A. j<\/span>udged<\/span> B. appreciated C. awarded D. viewed 3. A. a<\/span>ccompanied<\/span> B. escorted C. joined D. coupled 4. A. appearance B. sight <\/span>C. eye<\/span> D. vision 5. A. equality B. reflection C. opposition <\/span>D. similarity<\/span> 6. A. voted <\/span>B. rated<\/span> C. selected D. valued 7. A. world B. global C. community <\/span>D. universal<\/span> <\/span>8. A. constitutes<\/span> B. contains C. involves D. comprises 9. A. reason B. fad C. role <\/span>D. factor<\/span> <\/span>10. A. with<\/span> B. on C. for D. in <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Use only one word in each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). <\/span>Example (0): a <\/span><\/p>

MEMORY LAPSE OR DEMENTIA? <\/span><\/p>

It\u2018s (0)<\/span> h<\/span>orribly disconcerting experience – groping to (1)<\/span> remember y<\/span>our best friend\u2018s name, forgetting an arrangement that you made only yesterday or realising that your PIN number has vanished into a memory black hole. These \u2017senior moments\u2018 affect us all at times, but when do brief memory lapses or moments of confusion become something you (2)<\/span> start t<\/span>o worry about? The fear that you might, literally, be losing your mind, is one that can be very real, (3) <\/span><\/p>

 especially i<\/span>f you\u2018ve seen a parent or relative develop Alzheimer\u2018s. Dementia affects around 750,000 people in the UK, and although there are 100 different forms of it, Alzheimer\u2018s is the most common. This disease destroys brain cells and as the structure and chemistry of the brain become increasingly damaged, the person\u2018s ability to remember, understand and communicate gradually declines. It\u2018s a particularly cruel disease because it (4)<\/span> robs u<\/span>s of the memories that make us who we are, define our experience and provide us with the (5)<\/span> means t<\/span>o communicate with other people. Although lots of us experience memory problems at some time, in most (6)<\/span> cases t<\/span>hese have nothing to do with dementia. It’s important to put the risk (7)<\/span> into _<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

perspective. The reality is that, although it does happen, dementia is unusual under the age of 65. For the majority of people memory lapses will be nothing (8)<\/span> more t<\/span>han occasional blips. It is important to realise that your memory slows down a bit (9)<\/span> as y<\/span>ou age, but this is a very gradual decline, quite different from the more dramatic deterioration that happens with Alzheimer\u2018s. The most common early sign of a problem is forgetting recently learned information. (10) _<\/span> a;yhough<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

 i<\/span>t\u2018s normal to forget appointments and telephone numbers occasionally, people with early dementia tend to forget more frequently and they also forget the same information again later. <\/span>Part 3: You are going to read an extract from a book on society and culture. For questions 1-5, choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which you think fits best according to the text.<\/span><\/p>

MASS CULTURE <\/span><\/p>

In recent decades, the development and spread of new information technologies such as satellite television have engendered many debates about the consequences of their use. One of the first writers to see the possibilities of these changes was the American writer Marshall McLuhan, who argued in the 1960\u2018s that communications technology would have two effects: first, it would create a global village where everyone and everything were accessible to the television camera and secondly, that it would become the case that <\/span>\u2015<\/span>the medium is the message<\/span>\u2016<\/span>, that is, how the message is transmitted would outgrow in importance what the message is. <\/span><\/p>

Other theorists have gone further in arguing that the explosion of, and increasing dependence on, information technology have brought about profound changes in the way society is organised. Some, for example believe that we can now describe a <\/span>\u2015<\/span>post-modern society<\/span>\u2016<\/span>, characterised partly by an information-based international division of labour that allows increasing freedom of movement. At the cultural level, distinctions between <\/span>\u2015<\/span>high<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>and <\/span>\u2015<\/span>low\u2016 <\/span>culture have disappeared as new technology transmits across class boundaries, while stylistically, form has become more important than substance, and the <\/span>ubiquity <\/span>of television means that everything is seen in television codes. McLuhan\u2018s global television-led culture is now with us. <\/span><\/p>

The accuracy of such a description, however, has been questioned. At one level, many people are reluctant to accept any argument that technology can lead to social and economic changes, arguing instead that the relationship is exactly the other way round. In other words, they are critical of any tendency to technological determinism. Furthermore, evidence can be cited that queries the notion that information technology has spread evenly throughout the world or even throughout Britain. This has been described as the uneven development of the information economy. Many areas of Great Britain, for example, are not yet equipped with the on-line communications systems necessary to receive technologies such as <\/span>cable and interactive television<\/span>, and the take-up of these technologies varies according to socio-economic factors. We are still a long way from the full-scale and comprehensive implementation of the information super-highway. <\/span><\/p>

What does seem to be the case, however, is that the stereotypical image of the nuclear family sitting together in the front room cheerfully choosing their evening\u2018s viewing from a limited range of television station is disappearing. This is partly due to the increased number of set per household as well as the rapid growth in the number of channels, a development mirrored by the niche marketing of magazines to a multiplicity of interest groups. The amount of time spent watching television per head has stabilised in recent years to around 27 hours a week. Women watch on average four more hours of television per week than men and all statistics show a relationship between social class and viewing. <\/span><\/p>

This is not to say that diversity and choice have necessarily been achieved. It remains the case that satellite television caters for mass-appeal interests such as music, sport, news, children\u2018s programmes and American films and light entertainment, ignoring many disadvantaged social groups. New media technologies have not empowered people in the sense that there are increased numbers of community based television networks. In Britain, it is no less valid today to describe a mass culture based on a centrally directed mass media. <\/span><\/p>

Doubts have also been raised about the ability of satellite stations to succeed in creating a global television culture. Rupert Murdoch is widely known to own substantial parts of the global media industry. A few years ago, he added a controlling share of StarTV to his collection, meaning that he gained access to 2.5 billion people in 50 countries, or forty percent of the world\u2018s television sets, in a region stretching from Jordan to Japan. Capturing the market in India, however, and hooking the population onto hit talk shows and American mega-series such as <\/span>Baywatch <\/span>and <\/span>LA Law, <\/span>has not been as straightforward as first imagined. Cultural differences are complicated in a nation of 18 official<\/span><\/p>

languages and further compounded when you consider the staggering figure of 1, 700 dialects. Hindi films transmitted by the state broadcasting network still rank a coveted first in the ratings table. Murdoch\u2018s response to this realisation was to immediately <\/span>buy into <\/span>a local TV station as well. Indian culture, for the present at least, remains resistant to western broadcasting and highlights that the creation of a global mass culture will not be solely induced by technology. <\/span><\/p>

1. According to the writer, Marshall McLuhan envisaged a world where _. <\/span><\/p>

A. everyone would use a TV camera B. TV would lessen the impact of information C. less serious content would be shown on TV <\/span><\/p>

D. TV would create greater understanding between peoples <\/span><\/p>

2. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>ubiquity<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>is closest in meaning to _<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. ambivalence B. pervasiveness C. diversity D. receptivity 3. Theorists describing society as \u2015post-modern\u2016 claim information technology has<\/span> <\/span>. A. meant more people doing identical jobs around the world <\/span><\/p>

B. enabled <\/span>\u2015<\/span>hig<\/span>h\u2016 <\/span>and <\/span>\u2015<\/span>l<\/span>ow\u2016 <\/span>culture to <\/span>sh<\/span>are a common audience <\/span><\/p>

C. benefited artistic creativity <\/span><\/p>

D. resulted in other technologies challenging the dominance of TV <\/span><\/p>

4. Why does the author mention <\/span>\u2015<\/span>cable and i<\/span>nteractive television<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in paragraph 3? A. to give examples of modern technologies <\/span><\/p>

B. to identify factors affecting the popularity of television <\/span><\/p>

C. to show the difference among regional cultures <\/span><\/p>

D. to explain why the development of economy in Britain is uneven <\/span><\/p>

5. The writer raises doubts about \u2015technological determinism\u2016 because it<\/span> <\/span>. A. argues that cultural change determines economic change <\/span><\/p>

B. has exaggerated the importance of the Internet <\/span><\/p>

C. underestimates people\u2018s resistance to change <\/span><\/p>

D. assumes technology will impact on everyone in a similar way <\/span><\/p>

6. TV viewing within household has changed because<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

A. viewing habits are more stable than in the past <\/span><\/p>

B. different family members will watch TV at different times <\/span><\/p>

C. TV stations can now target specific audiences <\/span><\/p>

D. typical nuclear family are less common <\/span><\/p>

7. The spread of TV culture through an increasing number of networks has<\/span> <\/span>. A. limited centralised control of the media B. been of little benefit to minorities C. enabled local community television to emerge D. increased diversity in mass culture 8. The popularity of films in Hindi in India<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. has caused TV companies to change strategy <\/span><\/p>

B. indicates less cultural and language diversity in India than people imagine <\/span><\/p>

C. resulted from screening programmes unpopular in their home markets <\/span><\/p>

D. is a result of the state TV monopoly <\/span><\/p>

9. The phra<\/span>se <\/span>\u2015<\/span>bu<\/span>y <\/span>into<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in paragraph 6 is closest meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. depend on B. criticise C. believe in D. conceal 10. The writer general view of <\/span>\u2015<\/span>technology<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>is that it<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. has the power to drive social change B. can liberate the economically disadvantaged C. hasn\u2018t really changed our cultural habits D. is not the most important factor in cultural change <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: The reading passage below has 7 paragraphs A-G. Choose the correct heading for each paragraph from the list of headings below. Paragraph A and B are taken as examples.<\/span><\/p>

List of Headings <\/span><\/p>

i. The advantage of an intuitive approach to personality assessment <\/span><\/p>

ii. Overall theories of personality assessment rather than valuable guidance <\/span><\/p>

iii. The consequences of poor personality assessment <\/span><\/p>

iv. Differing views on the importance of personality assessment <\/span><\/p>

v. Success and failure in establishing an approach to personality assessment vi. Everyone makes personality assessments <\/span><\/p>

vii. Acknowledgement of the need for improvement in personality assessment viii. Little progress towards a widely applicable approach to personality assessment ix. The need for personality assessments to be well-judged <\/span><\/p>

x. The need for a different kind of research into personality assessment <\/span><\/p>

Question 1-5 <\/span><\/p>

Paragraph A – vi <\/span><\/p>

Paragraph B – ix <\/span><\/p>

1. Paragraph C iii <\/span><\/p>

2. Paragraph D vii <\/span><\/p>

3. Paragraph E ii <\/span><\/p>

4. Paragraph F viii <\/span><\/p>

5. Paragraph G v <\/span><\/p>

A <\/span>Our daily lives are largely made up of contacts with other people, during which we are constantly making judgments of their personalities and accommodating our behaviour to them in accordance with these judgments. A casual meeting of neighbours on the street, an employer giving instructions to an employee, a mother telling her children how to behave, a journey in a train where strangers eye one another without exchanging a word – all these involve mutual interpretations of personal qualities. <\/span><\/p>

B <\/span>Success in many vocations largely depends on skill in sizing up people. It is important not only to such professionals as the clinical psychologist, the psychiatrist or the social worker, but also to the doctor or lawyer in dealing with their clients, the businessman trying to outwit his rivals, the salesman with potential customers, the teacher with his pupils, not to speak of the pupils judging their teacher. Social life, indeed, would be impossible if we did not, to some extent, understand, and react to the motives and qualities of those we meet; and clearly we are sufficiently accurate for most practical purposes, although we also recognize that misinterpretations easily arise particularly on the part of others who judge us! <\/span><\/p>

C <\/span>Errors can often be corrected as we go along. But whenever we are pinned down to a definite decision about a person, which cannot easily be revised through his ‘feed-back’, the inadequacies of our judgments become apparent. The hostess who wrongly thinks that the Smiths and the Joneses will get on well together can do little to retrieve the success of her party. A school or a business may be saddled for years with an undesirable member of staff, because the selection committee which interviewed him for a quarter of an hour misjudged his personality. <\/span><\/p>

D <\/span>Just because the process is so familiar and taken for granted, it has aroused little scientific curiosity until recently. Dramatists, writers and artists throughout the centuries have excelled in the portrayal of character, but have seldom stopped to ask how they, or we, get to know people, or how accurate is our knowledge. However, the popularity of such unscientific systems as Lavater\u2018s physiognomy in the eighteenth century, Gall’s phrenology in the nineteenth, and of handwriting interpretations by graphologists, or palm-readings by gipsies, show that people are aware of weaknesses in their<\/span><\/p>

judgments and desirous of better methods of diagnosis. It is natural that they should turn to psychology for help, in the belief that psychologists are specialists in \u2017human nature\u2018. <\/span><\/p>

E <\/span>This belief is hardly justified: for the primary aim of psychology had been to establish the general laws and principles underlying behaviour and thinking, rather than to apply these to concrete problems of the individual person. A great many professional psychologists still regard it as their main function to study the nature of learning, perception and motivation in the abstracted or average human being, or in lower organisms, and consider it premature to put so young a science to practical uses. They would disclaim the possession of any superior skill in judging their fellow-men. Indeed, being more aware of the difficulties than is the non-psychologist, they may be more reluctant to commit themselves to definite predictions or decisions about other people. Nevertheless, to an increasing extent psychologists are moving into educational, occupational, clinical and other applied fields, where they are called upon to use their expertise for such purposes as fitting the education or job to the child or adult, and the person to the job. Thus a considerable proportion of their activities consists of personality assessment. <\/span><\/p>

F <\/span>The success of psychologists in personality assessment has been limited, in comparison with what they have achieved in the fields of abilities and training, with the result that most people continue to rely on unscientific methods of assessment. In recent times there has been a tremendous amount of work on personality tests, and on carefully controlled experimental studies of personality. Investigations of personality by Freudian and other ‘depth’ psychologists have an even longer history. And yet psychology seems to be no nearer to providing society with practicable techniques which are sufficiently reliable and accurate to win general acceptance. The soundness of the methods of psychologists in the field of personality assessment and the value of their work are under constant fire from other psychologists, and it is far from easy to prove their worth. <\/span><\/p>

G <\/span>The growth of psychology has probably helped responsible members of society to become more aware of the difficulties of assessment. But it is not much use telling employers, educationists and judges how inaccurately they diagnose the personalities with which they have to deal unless psychologists are sure that they can provide something better. Even when university psychologists themselves appoint a new member of staff, they almost always resort to the traditional techniques of assessing the candidates through interviews, past records, and testimonials, and probably make at least as many bad appointments as other employers do. However, a large amount of experimental development of better methods has been carried out since 1940 by groups of psychologists in the Armed Services and in the Civil Service, and by such organizations as the (British) National Institute of Industrial Psychology and the American Institute of Research. <\/span><\/p>

Questions 6-10: Do the following statements agree with the views of the writer in the reading passage? In the boxes 6-10, write <\/span><\/p>

YES <\/span>If the statement agrees with the views of the writer <\/span><\/p>

NO <\/span>If the statement contradicts the views of the writer <\/span><\/p>

NOT GIVEN <\/span>If it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this <\/span><\/p>

6. People often feel that they have been wrongly assessed. y <\/span><\/p>

7. Unscientific systems of personality assessment have been of some use. ng <\/span><\/p>

8. People make false assumptions about the expertise of psychologists. y <\/span><\/p>

9. It is likely that some psychologists are no better than anyone else at assessing personality y 10. Research since 1940 has been based on acceptance of previous theories. n <\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Summary<\/span><\/p>

Read the following extract and use your own words to summarize it. Your summary should be about 100 words long. You MUST NOT copy the original. <\/span><\/p>

The sea turtles, especially the leatherbacks, are undoubtedly one of nature\u2018s most amazing creatures. They roam the warm seas of the world throughout their life and come ashore only to lay eggs. Malaysia with its long sandy shorelines has been destined as one of their breeding grounds. Unfortunately, the number of leatherback turtles landing on the beaches has been declining over the years. According to the WWF estimates, about 2000 leatherbacks arrived on Malaysian beaches in 1970. In 1989, only between 30 and 60 leatherbacks were found. The drastic drop within such a short span is certainly a great cause for concern. Where have they gone to? Are they avoiding the beaches of Malaysia? Whatever it is, if no concerted effort is taken to check the decline now they may become an extinct species soon, that is, if no concerted effort is taken to check the decline now. The belief that the declining landings of turtles in Malaysia is the result of increasing landings in other parts of the world is a fallacy. This is because the scenario is the same in other countries known to have been visited by the turtles. What has caused the species to dwindle at such a rapid rate? There are many reasons but an obvious one is none other than man’s greed. As we know, turtles are killed for their meat. In the days before refrigeration, turtles had been a source of fresh food for the sailing ships. Today, turtle soup is a favourite dish among the Asians. Their shells have become coveted items fir decorations and jewelry. Their eggs which are meant to be hatched into young turtles, are instead harvested and eaten. When deep sea fishing nets inadvertently trap the turtles, fishermen often kill the turtles instead of cutting their nets to release them. Pollution in the sea has also reduced the number of turtles. Many are choked to death by the plastic bags that they mistake for jelly fish. It appears that the turtles are no longer safe in the sea where they spend most of their lives. <\/span><\/p>

Neither are they safe when the females come ashore to lay eggs. In fact this is the time when they are particularly vulnerable as their movements are slow on land. The nesting places for these turtles have also been greatly reduced. As more and more beaches are taken over for tourism with the construction of hotels, chalets and condominiums, the breeding grounds are reduced in the process. The intrusion of tourists into these places make it difficult for the turtles to lay their eggs. Unfortunately these ideal places are few to come by now. Too much development has taken place even along the coastline in most countries. Perhaps all is not lost yet. Sincere efforts are being taken to check the decline. In Malaysia, it is heartening to note that concrete steps have been taken to protect the turtles that come ashore to lay eggs. The indiscriminate collection of turtle eggs on the beaches is no more allowed. Turtle sanctuaries have been set up in Rantau Abang in Terengganu. The eggs collected by designated officials are sent to hatcheries in the sanctuaries. In this way, the loss of eggs and the rate of mortality among the baby turtles are reduced. In other words, more baby turtles are now able to return to sea and grow into adulthood. <\/span><\/p>

In an effort to discourage the public from eating turtle eggs, a Turtle Enactment Act has been introduced to prohibit the sale of leatherback eggs. The WWF has also launched the \u2017Save the Turtle Campaign\u2018 to create awareness among the public to help save the endangered species. In this way, the consumption of turtle eggs and turtle meat will be discouraged. Let us hope that it is not too late to save these fascinating creatures from becoming extinct. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Graph description <\/span><\/p>

The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040 in three different countries. Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main feature and make comparisons where relevant.<\/span><\/p>

Practice tests for the national examination for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ng\u00f4 Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Ch\u00e2u <\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

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Part 3: Essay writing <\/span><\/p>

It is widely known that Vietnam Ministry of Education and Training has been changing the education curriculum with a view to reducing the heavy learning load for students. According to this plan, besides learning fewer subjects, students at upper-secondary level will have freedom to choose the subjects they want to study. <\/span><\/p>

Write an essay of 350 words to express your opinions about this issue. <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

PRACTICE TEST 7 <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Listening to the passage and complete the notes below. Fill in each blank with NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS\/ NUMBERS. <\/span><\/p>

GIVING A SPEECH <\/span><\/p>

Reasons for nervousness <\/span><\/p>

* Lecturers often feel more nervous if the speech is (1)<\/span> <\/span>. * Many think that the ability to make a good public speaking is (2)<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>How to prepare a quality speech <\/span><\/p>

* The audience will only remember the (3)<\/span> s<\/span>entence of a speech. * Ensure that your speech is (4)<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

DO\u2019s and DON\u2019Ts <\/span><\/p>

\ud83d\uddf6 <\/span>Don\u2018t start your speech until audience is (5)<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>\u2714 <\/span>You can make your main ideas or notes on a card or a (6)<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span>\ud83d\uddf6 <\/span>You do not need to write down the (7)<\/span> <\/span>speech. <\/span>\u2714 <\/span>You can just write (8)<\/span> i<\/span>dea. <\/span><\/p>

\u2714 <\/span>Remember to (9)<\/span> y<\/span>ourself to see how long your speech will be. <\/span>\ud83d\uddf6 <\/span>Don\u2018t just (10)<\/span> a<\/span> script. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: You will hear a two people talking about skylines. Listen carefully and answer the questions  below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS OR NUMBERS for each answer.<\/span><\/p>

53 <\/span><\/p>

Practice tests for the national examination for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ng\u00f4 Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Ch\u00e2u <\/span><\/p>

1. Of which city with skyscrapers Neil didn\u2018t think? <\/span><\/p>

2. Which year did Neil choose? <\/span><\/p>

3. For how many years the St Paul\u2018s Cathedral was the tallest building in the city? 4. What are the Gherkin, the Cheese Grater and the Walkie Talkie? <\/span><\/p>

5. When the building of St Paul\u2018s Cathedral was started? <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: You will hear an interview with a comedian, Lenny Henry. Listen carefully and decide the  following statements are TRUE, FALSE or NOT GIVEN according to what you hear. <\/span>1. Lenny decided to do a degree because he was impressed by other actors who had been to the  university. <\/span><\/p>

2. Studying for a degree has made Lenny think more seriously about his career. 3. According to Lenny, comedy makes people more sensitive. <\/span><\/p>

4. Lenny says when he visited Debre Zeit, he was moved by the way people there handled their  situation. <\/span><\/p>

5. Lenny hopes that he will soon become a famous film – maker. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: You will hear part of a radio interview with a psychologist about friendship. Listen carefully  and choose the answer A, B, C or D that fits best according to what you hear. <\/span>1. According to the presenter<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. we have to adjust our friendships as our lives change <\/span><\/p>

B. new book are being written to teach people how to manage friendships <\/span><\/p>

C. it is almost impossible to keep childhood friends for life <\/span><\/p>

D. the most important friends are childhood friends <\/span><\/p>

2. Barbara warns that foul-weather friends<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. never want you to be happy B. have their life perfectly organized C. engineer bad situations so that they can feel superior <\/span><\/p>

D. can spoil the time when you are feeling happy about life <\/span><\/p>

3. The danger of a trophy friend is that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. he or she will inhabit your social life B. you may develop unrealistic expectations C. he or she will push you to be a higher achiever <\/span><\/p>

D. he or she will expect you to become more popular <\/span><\/p>

4. A sisterly friend<\/span> _<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. can be relied on but may be too involved in your life <\/span><\/p>

B. will resent other close friendships in your life <\/span><\/p>

C. will be as close to your family as she is to you <\/span><\/p>

D. will want to go out on date with you and your new partner <\/span><\/p>

5. When making new friends<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. try to be as funny as you can B. be sensitive to their need for space B. don\u2018t mention serious issues before you know them well <\/span><\/p>

D. spend as much time with them as you can <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO – GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences.<\/span><\/p>

54 <\/span><\/p>

1.<\/span> w<\/span>e may like it, old age comes to all of us. <\/span><\/p>

A. So B. Since <\/span>C. However<\/span> D. Despite 2. It would be lovely if the children could see and,<\/span> <\/span>, touch the wild animals. A. eventually B. at last C. finally <\/span>D. if possible<\/span> 3.<\/span> s<\/span>he failed in her final exam caused her family much sadness. <\/span><\/p>

A. What B. Which C. The thing <\/span>D. That<\/span> 4. The old man came in,<\/span> a<\/span> young boy. <\/span><\/p>

A. accompany <\/span>B. accompanying<\/span> C. accompanied D. to be accompanied 5.<\/span> t<\/span>he two sisters, Jane is<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. Of\/ the prettier <\/span>B. Between\/the prettier C. Of\/ prettier D. Between\/the prettiest 6. The children went<\/span> w<\/span>ith excitement. <\/span><\/p>

A. wildly B. wildlife C. wilderness <\/span>D. wild<\/span> 7. Jane: – Would you like tea or coffee? – Aeron: I<\/span> c<\/span>offee, please. <\/span><\/p>

A. would rather B. suppose <\/span>C. would prefer<\/span> D. think 8. A part time job gives her time to<\/span> h<\/span>er own interests. <\/span><\/p>

A. follow B. chase C. seek <\/span>D. pursue<\/span> 9. The new road system currently under<\/span> w<\/span>ill solve the traffic problems of the city. A. work B. design <\/span>C. construction<\/span> D. progress <\/span><\/p>

10. I would rather you<\/span> a<\/span>nything about the garden until the weather gets better. <\/span>A. didn\u2018t do<\/span> B. don\u2018t do C. didn\u2018t make D. don\u2018t make <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: <\/span>Read the passage below. Use the words given in CAPITAL at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the numbered space in the same line. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

EXERCISE <\/span><\/p>

Exercise is one of the best ways of keeping depression away. It improves your body and your mind and (1) enables_<\/span> <\/span>you to perform better in work place and at home. <\/span><\/p>

Proper (2)breathing<\/span> <\/span>is essential if you want to get the most from exercise and you should also take into (3)<\/span> consideration y<\/span>our heart rate. It can be (4)harmful<\/span> t<\/span>o do too much, which is why all good fitness instructors emphasis the (5)<\/span> importance o<\/span>f <\/span>\u2015<\/span>listening to your body<\/span>\u2016<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

When you first start, you should use good (6)<\/span> judgement<\/span> because it is easy to make the mistake of using the equipment (7)incorrectly<\/span> o<\/span>r doing too much at one time. Start slowly and build up gradually. <\/span><\/p>

Exercise should not be seen as a (8)<\/span> demanding t<\/span>ask; it can be as easy as a quick walk. To increase your fitness (9)steadily exercise for 20 minutes a day, 4 to 6 times a week and you will notice a (10)difference<\/span> in<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

your body and mind in a few week.<\/span><\/p><\/td>

ABLE <\/span><\/p>

BREATH  <\/span><\/p>

CONSIDER  <\/span><\/p>

HARM  <\/span><\/p>

IMPORTANT  <\/span><\/p>

JUDGE  <\/span><\/p>

CORRECT <\/span><\/p>

DEMAND  <\/span><\/p>

STEADY  <\/span><\/p>

DIFFERENT<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 3: The following passage contains 10 errors. Find and correct them. <\/span><\/p>

Most of the joggers who are overweigh are reasonable for talking about, worrying with and being obsessed with their weight. Since many people start jogging to lose weight, it is not surprised that body size is important. More and more people are on the diet. 50% of the women and approximately 25% of the men in the USA are watching what they eat. Body weight is the second most talk between joggers – heart disease and high bleeding pressure are the first! There are many factors that effect you weight.<\/span><\/p>

They include: body type, diet, exerc<\/span>ise <\/span>level, sex and age. What may be an <\/span>\u2015<\/span>ideal<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>we<\/span>ight for you in<\/span><\/p>

the age of 27 may not be <\/span>“<\/span>ideal<\/span>” <\/span>while you are 54. And you <\/span>\u2015<\/span>ideal weigh<\/span>t\u2016 <\/span>will <\/span>probably be different  during racing season when you were in a specific training phase. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: Fill each gap in the following sentences with a preposition or a particle. <\/span>1. They are both going _<\/span> for t<\/span>he same job. <\/span><\/p>

2. I made<\/span> up t<\/span>hat I had forgotten Jill\u2018s birthday. <\/span><\/p>

3. The favorable weather has put the crops<\/span> in <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

4. When Tom married for the second time, he got more than he bargained _<\/span> for <\/span>. 5. She felt quite nervous before the first lecture of her life but she carried it<\/span> on v<\/span>ery well. 6. We had to sit<\/span> for n<\/span>early two hours of speeches. <\/span><\/p>

7. I won\u2018t watch that program if the television is playing<\/span> over a<\/span>gain. <\/span><\/p>

8. You can\u2018t sit<\/span> down a<\/span>nd do nothing like that while there are many things need doing. 9. Our group and hers have arrived<\/span> at t<\/span>he same conclusion quite independently. 10. Mr. Karl received the news<\/span> with a<\/span> kind of na\u00efve enthusiasm. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Choose the best option A, B, C or D to fill in each numbered blank. <\/span><\/p>

In the western customs (1)<\/span> h<\/span>ands is the customary form of greeting, but in China a nod of the head or (2)<\/span> b<\/span>ow is sufficient. Hugging and kissing when greeting are uncommon. Business cards are often (3)<\/span> a<\/span>nd yours should be printed in your own language and in Chinese. Also, it is more respectful to present your card or a gift or any other article using (4)<\/span> _<\/span> hands. The Chinese are (5) <\/span><\/p>

 a<\/span>pplauders. You may be greeted with group clapping, even by small children. When a person is applauded in this practice it is the custom for that person to return the applause or a “thank you.” When walking in public places, direct eye (6)<\/span> o<\/span>r staring is uncommon in the large cities, especially in those areas accustomed to foreign visitors. (7) _<\/span> ,<\/span> in smaller communities, visitors may be the subject of much curiosity and therefore you may notice some stares. (8)<\/span> <\/span>speaking, the Chinese are not a touch-oriented society, especially true for visitors. So, avoid (9)<\/span> o<\/span>r any prolonged form of body contact. Public displays of affection are very rare. On the other hand, you may note people of the same sex walking hand-in-hand, which is simply a gesture of friendship. Do not worry about a bit of pushing and shoving in stores or when groups board public buses or trains. In this case, (10) are either offered or expected. The Chinese will stand much closer than Westerners. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. taking <\/span>B. shaking<\/span> C. grasping D. hugging 2. A. small B. bit <\/span>C. slight<\/span> D. light 3. A<\/span>. exchanged<\/span> B. changed C. transferred D. converted 4. A. pair B. couple C. double <\/span>D. both<\/span> 5. A. enthusiast <\/span>B. enthusiastic<\/span> C. enthusiasm D. enthusiastically <\/span>6. A. contact<\/span> B. look C. stare D. watch 7. A. Moreover B. Furthermore <\/span>C. However<\/span> D. Whatever 8. A. <\/span>Generally<\/span> B. Successfully C. Fortunately D. Expectedly 9<\/span>. A. touch<\/span> B. to touch C. touched D. touching 10<\/span>. A. contacts<\/span> B. apologies C. gestures D. saying goodbye <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Fill each of the numbered blank with ONE suitable word. <\/span><\/p>

The causes of headaches, (1)<\/span> whether<\/span>they are the common kind of tension or migraine headaches, or any other kind, are usually the same. During period of stress, muscles in the neck, head and face are contracted (2)<\/span> so t<\/span>ightly that they exert tremendous pressure (3)<\/span> on t<\/span>he nerves beneath them. Headaches take many forms from a constant, dull pain to an insistent hammering.<\/span><\/p>

Although at (4)<\/span> least 5<\/span>0% of American adults are estimated (5) _<\/span> to s<\/span>uffer one or more headaches per week, it is the 20 million migraine suffers (6)<\/span> who a<\/span>re in special difficulties. Migraines, which are mostly suffered by women, can involve tremendous, unrelieved pain. <\/span><\/p>

Migraines, which may also (7)<\/span> be c<\/span>aused by stress, can occur in people who bottle up their emotions and who are very conscientious in their performance. Escaping (8)<\/span> from s<\/span>tressful situations, (9)<\/span> being o<\/span>pen with one\u2018s feeling and lowering one\u2018s expectations can help reduce the <\/span>stress <\/span>and <\/span>so <\/span>cut do<\/span>wn <\/span>on those headaches which cannot be <\/span>\u2015<\/span>he<\/span>lp\u2016 <\/span>aspirin an (10)<\/span> other <\/span> non-prescription painkillers. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3: Choose the best option. <\/span><\/p>

MODERN CARS <\/span><\/p>

Today\u2018s cars are smaller, safer, cleaner, and more economical than their predecessors, but the car of the future will be far more pollution-free than those on the road today. Several new types of automobile engines have already been developed than run on alternative sources of power, such as electricity, compressed natural gas, methanol, steam, hydrogen, and propane. Electricity, however, is the only zero-emission option presently available. <\/span><\/p>

Although electric vehicles will not be truly practical until a powerful, <\/span>compact <\/span>battery or other dependable source of current is available, transport experts <\/span>foresee <\/span>a new assortment of electric vehicles entering everyday life: shorter-range commuter electric cars, three-wheeled neighborhood cars, electric delivery vans, bikes and trolleys. <\/span><\/p>

As automakers work to develop practical electrical vehicles, urban planners and utility engineers are focusing on infrastructure systems to support and make the best use of the new cars. Public <\/span>charging <\/span>facilities will need to be as common as today\u2018s gas stations. Public parking spots on the street or in commercial lots will need to be equipped with devices that allow drivers to charge their batteries while they stop, dine, or attend a concert. To encourage the use of electric vehicles, the most convenient parking in transportation centers might be reserved for electric cars. <\/span><\/p>

Planners <\/span>foresee <\/span>electric shuttle buses, trains, buses and neighborhood vehicles all meeting at transit centers that would have facilities for charging and renting. <\/span>Commuters <\/span>will be able to rent a variety of electric cars to suit their needs: light trucks, one-person three-wheelers, small cars, or electric\/gasoline <\/span>hybrid <\/span>cars for longer trips, which will no doubt take place on automated freeways capable of handling five times the number of vehicles that can be carried by freeway today. <\/span><\/p>

1. The following electrical vehicles are all mentioned in the passage EXCEPT<\/span> <\/span>. A. vans B. trains <\/span>C. planes<\/span> D. trolleys 2. The author\u2018s purpose in the passage is to . <\/span><\/p>

A. criticize conventional vehicles B. support the invention of electric cars C. narrate a story about alternative energy vehicles <\/span><\/p>

D. <\/span>describe the possibilities for transportation in the future<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

3. The passage would most likely be followed by details about<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. automated freeways<\/span> B. pollution restrictions in the future C. the neighborhood of the future D. electric shuttle buses <\/span><\/p>

4. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>compact<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to . A. long-range B. inexpensive <\/span>C. concentrated<\/span> D. squared 5. In the second paragraph, the author implies that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. a dependable source of electric energy will eventually be<\/span> <\/span>developed<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

B. everyday life will stay much the same in the future <\/span><\/p>

C. a single electric vehicle will eventually replace several modes of transportation D. electric vehicles are not practical for the future<\/span><\/p>

6. According to the passage, public parking lots of the future will be<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. more convenient than they are today B<\/span>. equipped with charging<\/span> <\/span>devices<\/span> C. much larger than they are today D. as common as today\u2018s gas stations 7. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>c<\/span>hargin<\/span>g<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in this passage refers to _<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. electricity<\/span> B. credit cards C. aggression D. lightning 8. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>forese<\/span>e<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in this pa<\/span>ssage <\/span>could best be replaced with<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. count on B. invent <\/span>C. imagine <\/span>D. rely on 9. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>comm<\/span>uters<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in paragraph 4 refers to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. daily travelers<\/span> B. visitors C. cab drivers D. shoppers 10. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>h<\/span>ybrid<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. combination <\/span>B. hazardous C. futuristic D. automated <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: The reading passage below has six paragraphs marked A-F. Choose the correct heading for  each paragraph from the list of headings below. Write the correct number i-ix. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

List of Headings <\/span><\/p>

i. Indecision about a name <\/span><\/p>

ii. Current problems with distribution <\/span><\/p>

iii. Uncertainty about financial advantages <\/span><\/p>

iv. The contrasts of cinema today <\/span><\/p>

v. The history of cinema <\/span><\/p>

vi. Integrating other events into cinema <\/span><\/p>

vii. The plans for the future of films <\/span><\/p>

viii. An unexpected advantage <\/span><\/p>

ix. Too true to life?<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Example: Paragraph A: iv <\/span><\/p>

The end of the silver screen? <\/span><\/p>

Cinema technology has remained much the same for a century, so when will it go digital? Kelvin Hilton views the projections. <\/span><\/p>

A. <\/span>Cinema is full of contradictions. It is high- tech and old- fashioned at the same time. Today\u2018s films are full of digital sound and computer- generated special effects. Yet they are still stored on celluloid film, the basis of which is more than 100 years old. They are also displayed with projectors and screens that seem to belong to our great- grandparents\u2018 generation. <\/span><\/p>

B. <\/span>Now that we are in the second century of cinema, there are moves to bring the medium right up to date. This will involve revolutionizing not just how films are made but also how they are distributed and presented. The aim is not only to produce and prepare films digitally, but to be able to send them to movie theatres by digital, electronic means. High- resolution digital projectors would then show the film. Supporters say this will make considerable savings at all stages of this chain, particularly for distribution. <\/span><\/p>

C. <\/span>With such a major technological revolution on the horizon, it seems strange that the industry is still not sure what to call itself. This may appear a minor point, but the choices, \u2017digital\u2018 cinema and \u2017electronic\u2018 cinema (e- cinema), suggest different approaches to, and aspects of, the business. Digital cinema refers to the physical capture of images; e-cinema covers the whole chain, from production through post- production (editing, addition of special effects and construction of soundtrack) to distribution and projection.<\/span><\/p>

D. <\/span>And what about the effects of the new medium? The main selling point of digital cinema is the high resolution and sharpness of the final image. But those who support the old- fashioned approach to film point to the celluloid medium\u2018s quality of warmth. A recurring criticism of video is that it may be too good: uncomfortably real, rather like looking through an open window. In 1989, the director of the first full- length American digital high-definition movie admitted that the picture had a \u2017stark, strange reality to it\u2018. <\/span><\/p>

E. <\/span>Even the money\u2013saving aspect of e-cinema is doubted. One expert says that exciting cinema will have to show the new material and not all of them will readily or rapidly furnish themselves with the right equipment. \u2017E-cinema is seen as a way of saving money, because print costs a lot,\u2018 he says. \u2017But for that to work, cinemas have to be showing the films because cinemas are the engine that drives the film industry.\u2018 <\/span><\/p>

F <\/span>. This view has prompted some pro-digital entrepreneurs to take a slightly different approach. HD Thames is looking at reinventing the existing cinema market, moving towards e-theatre, which would use digital video and projection to present plays, musicals and some sporting events to the public. This is not that different from the large-screen TV system that was set up in New York in 1930 and John Logie Baird\u2018s experiments with TV in the late 1920s and early 30s. <\/span><\/p>

Your answers: <\/span><\/p>

1. Paragraph B<\/span> vii <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

2. Paragraph C<\/span> i <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

3. Paragraph D<\/span> ix <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

4. Paragraph E <\/span>iii <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

5. Paragraph F<\/span> vi <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

Complete the summary below using NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS taken from the passage. <\/span>There are big changes ahead for cinema if digital production takes place and the industry no longer uses (1)<\/span> celluloid film a<\/span>nd gets rid of the old-fashioned (2)<\/span> projectors, screens <\/span> and used to show movies. The main advantage is likely to be that the final image will be clearer. However, some people argue that the digital picture will lack (3)<\/span> warmth <\/span>. In addition, digital production will only reduce costs if cinemas are willing to buy new (4)<\/span> equipment <\/span>. As a result, experiments with what is called (5) <\/span>\u2015<\/span> e-theatre <\/span>\u2016 <\/span>may mark a change in the whole entertainment industry. <\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1: Summarize the lessons one can learn from a dog in no more than 120 words. <\/span>There are so many lessons one can learn about life from a dog. Imagine this scenario: it is raining heavily outside and you need to leave for someone\u2018s house. The dog is up and eager, to go with you. You tell it to stay home. As you leave, you see it squeezing out through the gap in the doorway. You scold it and order it back home. Then at every turn you make, you suddenly see it following you sheepishly at a distance. It follows at the risk of being reprimanded for the sore reason of being somewhere nearby. How else can we experience so selfless an instance of love and faithfulness? We can learn a lifelong lesson from this sincere warm display of perpetual companionship. Observe the eating habits of your dog. It does not eat, except when hungry. It does not drink, unless it is thirsty. It does not gorge itself. It stops eating when it has had enough. <\/span><\/p>

A dog also sets a perfect example of adaptability. If it is moved to a strange place, it is able to adapt itself to that place and to its thousand peculiarities without a murmur of complaint. It is able to learn and adapt to a new family\u2018s ways and customs. It is quick and ready to please. Man, being accustomed to comfort and wealth will be lost if suddenly stripped of all he is accustomed to.<\/span><\/p>

A dog also teaches us a thing or two about, unselfish love. When a dog knows death is approaching, it tries, with its last vestige of strength, to crawl away elsewhere to die, in order to burden its owners no more. <\/span><\/p>

A dog does things with all vigor. However, when there is nothing to do, it lies down and rests. It  does not waste its strength and energy needlessly. Many working people are burning the candles at both ends. Many suffer nervous breakdowns due to stress. Perhaps, they should learn to rest like a dog does.  A dog above all is truly man\u2018s best friend. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: The line graph below shows the number of tourists to Vietnam in summer 2016. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make comparisons where relevant. <\/span>Write at least 150 words. <\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

Part 3: ESSAY WRITING <\/span><\/p>

TOPIC: \u201cIncreasing violence in schools has become a highly concerned issue.\u201d <\/span>What is your opinion about the above judgment? What are some main causes? What can we do to solve the problem? <\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

PRACTICE TEST 8 <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Questions 1-5: Complete the sentences below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

The British Library <\/span><\/p>

1. The reading rooms are only open for group visits on<\/span> <\/span>. 2. The library was officially opened in<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

3. All the library rooms together cover<\/span> m<\/span>2<\/span><\/span>. 4. The library is financed by<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

5. The main function of the library is to provide resources for people doing<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

Questions 6-10: Label the plan below. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer. (10 pts)<\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

Cafeteria <\/span><\/p>

Tower <\/span><\/p>

10. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026… <\/span><\/p>

Toilets<\/span> <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

Treasures Gallery <\/span><\/p>

9. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 <\/span><\/p>

Upper Ground Floor <\/span><\/p>

7. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

Catalogues <\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

to <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

8. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.. <\/span><\/p>

Lower Ground Floor cloakroom Meeting Point <\/span><\/span><\/p>

Main Entrance <\/span>
<\/span><\/p>

Statue <\/span><\/span>Piazza <\/span><\/p>

6. \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026 <\/span><\/p>

Part 2: Questions 11-15: Listen to the presentation about unusual British festivals. Answer the  following questions. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS AND\/OR A NUMBER. <\/span>11. What is considered to bring luck to the coming year? <\/span><\/p>

12. How long has the Up Helly Aa festival been in existence? <\/span><\/p>

13. What is the name of the festival in Northern England mentioned in the presentation? 14. What should you wear if you take part in cheese-rolling festival? <\/span><\/p>

15. When did Crab Fair start? <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Questions 16-20: You will hear two psychology students called Lisa and Greg discussing a  project they have to do<\/span>. <\/span>Listen and decide whether the following sentences are True (T) or False (F). <\/span>16. The students in Akira Miyake\u2018s study were all majoring in psychology or physics. 17. The aim of Miyake\u2018s study was to investigate a way of improving women\u2018s performance in  physics. <\/span><\/p>

18. Miyake\u2018s team asked the students to write about something that was important to them personally. 19. Greg and Lisa decide that in their own project, they will compare the effects of a writing task and  an oral task.<\/span><\/p>

20. The main finding of Smolinsky\u2018s research was that class teamwork activities had no effect on the  performance of men or women. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4: You will hear a radio discussion about writing a novel. For questions 21-25, choose the  answer (A, B, C or D) which fits best according to what you hear. <\/span><\/p>

21. What does Louise say about Ernest Hemingway\u2018s advice to writers? <\/span><\/p>

A. It is useful to a certain extent. B. It applies only to inexperienced novelists. C. It wasn\u2018t intended to be taken seriously. D. It might confuse some inexperienced novelists. 22. Louise says that you need to get feedback when you<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. have not been able to write anything for some time <\/span><\/p>

B. are having difficulty organizing your ideas <\/span><\/p>

C. are having contrasting feelings about what you have written <\/span><\/p>

D. have finished the book but not shown it to anyone <\/span><\/p>

23. Louis says that you should get feedback from another writer because _<\/span> <\/span>. A. it is easy to ignore criticism from people who are not writers <\/span><\/p>

B. another writer may be kinder to you than friends and relatives <\/span><\/p>

C. it is hard to find other people who will make an effort to help you <\/span><\/p>

D. another writer will understand what your intentions are <\/span><\/p>

24. What does Louise regard as useful feedback? <\/span><\/p>

A. a combination of general observation and detailed comments <\/span><\/p>

B. both identification of problems and suggested solutions <\/span><\/p>

C. comments focusing more on style than on content <\/span><\/p>

D. as many points about strengths as weaknesses <\/span><\/p>

25. One reaction to feedback that Louise mention is that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. it is justified but would require too much effort to act on <\/span><\/p>

B. it focuses on unimportant details rather than key issues <\/span><\/p>

C. it has been influenced by reading other people\u2018s novels <\/span><\/p>

D. it is not suggesting that major changes to the novel are required. <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Choose the correct word or phrase to complete each sentence<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

1. We were under no<\/span> a<\/span>bout how difficult it would be to achieve our aims. A. fantasies B. daydreams <\/span>C. illusions<\/span> D. deceptions 2. The pollution problems in the town have been<\/span> b<\/span>y mass tourism in the summer months. A. exacerbated B. developed <\/span>C. augmented<\/span> D. contributed 3. I\u2018m in a bit of a<\/span> a<\/span>s to what to wear to the wedding. <\/span><\/p>

A. loss B<\/span>. quandary<\/span> C. problem D. bewilderment 4. The misunderstanding is thought to have<\/span> f<\/span>rom an ambiguous article which appeared in  yesterday\u2018s newspapers. <\/span><\/p>

A. stirred <\/span>B. steered<\/span> C. strayed D. stemmed 5. The problem<\/span> b<\/span>ecause neither side was prepared to compromise. <\/span><\/p>

A. amassed B. escalated <\/span>C. proliferated<\/span> D. enhanced 6. The Red Cross is<\/span> a<\/span>n international aid organization. <\/span><\/p>

A. intriguingly B. intrusively <\/span>C. intrinsically<\/span> D. intrepidly 7. I couldn\u2018t stop myself from <\/span>w<\/span>ith boredom during the lecture. <\/span><\/p>

A. sighing <\/span>B. gasping<\/span> C. panting D. blowing 8. My brother found it impossible to <\/span>h<\/span>is anger and started shouting. <\/span><\/p>

A. restrict B. inhibit C. reserve D<\/span>. contain<\/span><\/p>

9. Fitting together the thousands of fragments of the broken vase was a long and<\/span> t<\/span>ask. A. minute B. careful <\/span>C. painstaking<\/span> D. minuscule 10. You\u2018ll just have to<\/span> y<\/span>ourself to the fact that you can\u2018t always have what you want. A. acknowledge B. reconcile <\/span>C. concede<\/span> D. allow <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Read the text below. Use the word given in capitals at the end of the lines to form a word that  fits in the space in the same line<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

Wheeled trolley bags have become an essential item of luggage amongst frequent travellers. The compact version proves particularly (1) <\/span>useful<\/span> as a piece of hand luggage. Carried onboard aeroplanes, it allows you to avoid the queues at the baggage check-in counters on your (2)outward journey and waiting at the baggage (3)<\/span> reclaim <\/span>carousel on your way home. These days, there are (4)<\/span> official g<\/span>uidelines regarding the maximum size for hand luggage on flights, and these stipulated (5)measurements<\/span> <\/span>are continuously subject to change, Policies also vary between airlines and airports as well as being influenced by your (6)<\/span> eventual <\/span>destination. The outcome of all this is that travellers are recommended to check out the latest luggage (7)restrictions<\/span> b<\/span>efore setting out for the airport. <\/span><\/p>

What\u2018s more, before investing in a trolley bag, it\u2018s wise to run a few check. You\u2018re likely to be negotiating (8)uneven surfaces as well as the smooth flooring of airport lounges, so bear <\/span>in min<\/span>d that larger wheels are better able to absorb bumps than their smaller (9) counterparts . Also check then handle. You\u2018re bound to need to lift yo<\/span>ur bag<\/span> at some point in your journey, probably when you are suddenly confronted with an (10)inconvenient flight of steps, and that\u2018s not the moment to discover that the handle is <\/span><\/p>

awkward to hold.<\/span><\/p><\/td>

USE <\/span><\/p>

OUT  <\/span><\/p>

CLAIM  <\/span><\/p>

OFFICE  <\/span><\/p>

MEASURE <\/span><\/p>

EVENT  <\/span><\/p>

RESTRICT  <\/span><\/p>

EVEN  <\/span><\/p>

COUNTER  <\/span><\/p>

CONVENIENT<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 3. The passage below contains 10 errors. Identify and correct them. (0) has been done as an  example. <\/span><\/p>

(0) <\/span>will -> would <\/span><\/p>

A DISAPPOINTING MEAL <\/span><\/p>

Have you ever complained in a restaurant? I never thought I (0) <\/span>will <\/span>, but last week I ended up doing just that. It was my best friend\u2018s birthday, but I had booked a table at a new restaurant that had just opened in the city centre. But while we arrived, exactly on time, they told me that it was no record of my booking and we would have to wait for a table to become free. I suspected that they had given our table to anyone else, but I didn\u2018t say anything. Then we were kept waiting for an hour without an apology, because they did take our order. We both chose soup as a starter and my friend ordered a steak like a main course. I thought I would be a bit more adventurous, and decided to try something called Ossobuco, if I wasn\u2018t quite sure what it was. To cut a long story short, a soup was almost cold, my friend\u2018s steak was uncooked at the middle and my Ossobuco turned out to be a plate of bone within a very acidic sauce. So, we called the manager and told we would not pay because the meal had been substandard. But in the end we paid because we had eaten it all, but we won\u2018t be going there again! <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Complete each of the following sentences with a suitable preposition or particle. <\/span>1. She was prostrate<\/span> woith g<\/span>rief after her husband\u2018s death. <\/span><\/p>

2. The police man hustles<\/span> away t<\/span>he crowd to pursue the criminal. <\/span><\/p>

3.<\/span> Between t<\/span>hose present at the ceremony was the local MP, Claire Sims.<\/span><\/p>

4. The car started slipping<\/span> towards d<\/span>own the hill.<\/span><\/p>

5. I have already told Joe that I won\u2018t go to Spain with him, but he\u2018s still trying to talk me<\/span> into <\/span>. 6. Grandfather must be tired. He\u2018s nodding<\/span> off i<\/span>n his chair. <\/span><\/p>

7. I saw Reto\u2018s Mom lay<\/span> up h<\/span>im when he came home late last night. <\/span><\/p>

8. Looking<\/span> stright ,<\/span> we must expect radical changes to be made in our system of government. 9. A shortage of money has forced them to scale<\/span> back t<\/span>he project. <\/span><\/p>

10. I got up at six, started my work half an hour later and stayed there until 5 p.m with no free time <\/span> Inb<\/span>etween. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. <\/span>It\u2018s a sleepy village, whose main features are a central square with a fountain and an unpretentious restaurant. (1)<\/span> <\/span>the place for an internationally famous exhibition attracting 15000 visitors, one would think. Yet Bussi\u00e8re-Badil has just that reputation in the world of ceramics. (2)<\/span> ,<\/span> when a pottery fair was first held there over 30 years ago, it was only one in all of France, and it is still the country\u2018s only ceramics fair that (3)<\/span> f<\/span>our days. <\/span><\/p>

But why here? There is a seam of clay which runs through the area, but it is red clay of the type used to make tiles and bricks as (4)<\/span> p<\/span>ots, so there is no (5)<\/span> t<\/span>radition of art pottery. The idea of the fair started when a Portuguese potter by the name of Miguel Calado (6)<\/span> <\/span>a studio in the village at the (7)<\/span> <\/span>of the mayor, himself a local tile-maker, who was determined to put the region on the map. <\/span><\/p>

And he has certainly succeeded. Every year, up to 40 potters from all over France and beyond (8) <\/span> o<\/span>n the village to display their wares in a huge purpose-built shed. (9)<\/span> o<\/span>n the show range from the utilitarian to the decorative, with every nuance in between. And the crowds come to look, to (10)<\/span> a<\/span>t the potters\u2018 art, and to buy. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. Barely B. Seldom C<\/span>. Hardly<\/span> D. Unlikely 2. A. Nevertheless B. However <\/span>C. Indeed<\/span> D. Otherwise 3. A. perseveres B. endures C. continues D<\/span>. lasts<\/span> <\/span>4. A. opposed to<\/span> B. rather than C. instead of D. apart form 5. A. certain <\/span>B. particular<\/span> C. exact D. individual 6. A. turned up B. took up C. made up <\/span>D. set<\/span> 7. A<\/span>. instigation<\/span> B. advice C. encouragement D. persuasion 8. A. gather B. assemble <\/span>C. converge<\/span> D. collect 9. A. Issues <\/span>B. Items<\/span> C. Matters D. Topics 10. A. astonish B. fascinate C. amaze <\/span>D. marvel<\/span> <\/span><\/p>

Part 2<\/span>. <\/span>Use only one word in each space. There is an example at the beginning (0). <\/span>BORN LIARS? <\/span><\/p>

Little babies are not so innocent (0<\/span>) \u2026after<\/span>\u2026all, it (1)<\/span> would s<\/span>eem. A recent study claims that infants as young as six months are capable of lying to their parents, which they do by crying when they are not truly (2)<\/span> in p<\/span>ain or distress .They do it simply to draw attention to themselves, but once they start receiving the loving hugs they (3)<\/span> so b<\/span>adly desire, the babies then do their best to prolong this reward with fake smiles. This and similar research has led to suggestions that only human beings lie but this is actually (4)<\/span> far f<\/span>rom the truth. <\/span><\/p>

A young chimpanzee in captivity, for example, is just as capable of <\/span>\u2015<\/span>lying<\/span>\u2016<\/span>, most commonly when human handlers go away for a while. (5)<\/span> like h<\/span>uman babies, the chimpanzees really hate (6) <\/span> being l<\/span>eft alone, and for thi<\/span>s <\/span>reason, their handler<\/span>s, <\/span>(7)<\/span> who h<\/span>ave become their <\/span>\u2015<\/span>family<\/span>\u2016<\/span>, should ideally never be out of sight. Even though the handlers always do their best to avoid going away<\/span><\/p>

for too long, some absence is unavoidable. In (8)<\/span> such a<\/span> situation, and as soon as the young chimp knows it is going to be left alone, it will start making the most vocal protests, which can be heard as the handler leaves the building. The screaming stops after the door is slammed (9)<\/span> because <\/span> at this point the chimpanzee knows that the handler can no longer hear him. It has total control (10) <\/span> over i<\/span>ts crying and can switch it on and off whenever it likes. <\/span><\/p>

The crying is actually a deliberate signal, rather than an uncontrollable outburst. But whether this is a case of <\/span>\u2015<\/span>rea<\/span>l\u2016 <\/span>lying rather depends on how you look at it. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow. <\/span><\/p>

Beads were probably the first durable ornaments humans possessed, and the intimate relationship<\/span> <\/span>they had with their owners is reflected in the fact that beads are among the most common items found<\/span> <\/span>in ancient archaeological<\/span> sites. In the past, as today, men, women, and children <\/span>adorned <\/span>themselves with beads. In some cultures still, certain beads are often worn from birth until death, and then are buried with their owners for the afterlife. Abrasion due to daily wear alters the surface features of beads, and if they are buried for long, the effects of corrosion can further changed their appearance. Thus, interest is imparted to the bead both by use and the effects of time. <\/span><\/p>

Besides their wearability, either as jewelry or incorporated into articles of <\/span>attire<\/span>, beads possess the desirable characteristics of every collectible: they are durable, portable, available in infinite variety, and often valuable in their original cultural context as well as in today\u2018s market. Pleasing to look at and touch, beads come in shapes, colors, and materials that almost compel one to handle them and to sort them. <\/span><\/p>

Beads are miniature bundles of secrets waiting to be revealed: their history, manufacture, cultural context, economic role, and ornamental use are all points of information one hopes to <\/span>unravel<\/span>. Even the most <\/span>mundane <\/span>beads may have traveled great distances and been exposed to many human experiences. The bead researcher must gather information from many diverse fields. In addition to having to be a generalist while specializing in what may seem to be a narrow field, the researcher is faced with the problem of primary materials that have little or no documentation. Many ancient beads that are of ethnographic interest have often been separated from their original cultural context. <\/span><\/p>

The special attractions of beads contribute to the uniqueness of bead research. While often regarded a<\/span>s <\/span>the <\/span>\u2015<\/span>small change of civilizati<\/span>ons\u2016, <\/span>beads are a part of every culture, and they can often be used to date archaeological sites and to designate the degree of mercantile, technological, and cultural sophistication. <\/span><\/p>

1. What is the main subject of the passage? <\/span><\/p>

A. Materials used in making beads B. How beads are made <\/span><\/p>

C. The <\/span>reasons for studying beads<\/span> D. Different types of beads <\/span><\/p>

2. The <\/span>wor<\/span>d <\/span>\u2015<\/span>adorn<\/span>ed<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in the first paragraph is closest in meaning to<\/span> _<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. protected B<\/span>. decorated<\/span> C. purchased D. enjoyed 3. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>att<\/span>ire<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in paragraph 2 <\/span>is closest <\/span>in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. ritual B. importance <\/span>C. clothing <\/span>D. history 4. All of the following are given as characteristic of collectible objects <\/span>EXCEPT<\/span> <\/span>. A. durability B. portability C. value <\/span>D. scarcity<\/span> 5. According to the passage, all of the following are factors that make people want to touch beads <\/span>EXCEPT <\/span>the<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. shape B. color C. material <\/span>D. odor<\/span> 6. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>unravel<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. communicate B. transport C. improve <\/span>D. discover<\/span> 7. The word <\/span>\u2015<\/span>m<\/span>undan<\/span>e<\/span>\u2016 <\/span>in paragraph 3 <\/span>is <\/span>c<\/span>losest <\/span>in meaning to<\/span> <\/span>.<\/span><\/p>

A. carved B. beautiful <\/span>C. ordinary<\/span> D. heavy 8. It is difficult to trace the history of certain ancient beads because they _<\/span> <\/span>. A. are small in size B. have been buried underground C. <\/span>are frequently lost<\/span> D. have been moved from their original locations 9. Knowledge of the history of some beads may be useful in the studies done by which of the  following? <\/span><\/p>

A. Anthropologists<\/span> B. Agricultural experts C. Medical researchers D. Economists 10. Where in the passage does the author describe why the appearance of beads may change? A. Lines 3-4 <\/span>B. Lines<\/span> <\/span>5-7<\/span> C. Lines 12-13 D. Lines 20-22 <\/span><\/p>

Part 4. Read the passage and do the tasks that follow. <\/span><\/p>

A HISTORY OF FINGERPRINTING <\/span><\/p>

A <\/span>To detectives, the answers lie at the end of our fingers. Fingerprinting offers an accurate and infallible means of personal identification. The ability to identify a person from a mere fingerprint is a powerful tool in the fight against crime. It is the most commonly used forensic evidence, often outperforming other methods of identification. These days, older methods of ink fingerprinting, which could take weeks, have given way to newer, faster techniques like fingerprint laser scanning, but the principles stay the same. No matter which way you collect fingerprint evidence, every single person\u2018s print is unique. So, what makes our fingerprints different from our neighbor\u2018s? <\/span><\/p>

B <\/span>A good place to start is to understand what fingerprints are and how they are created. A fingerprint is the arrangement of skin ridges and furrows on the tips of the fingers. This ridged skin develops fully during foetal development, as the skin cells grow in the mother\u2018s womb. These ridges are arranged into patterns and remain the same throughout the course of a person\u2018s life. Other visible human characteristics, like weight and height, change over time whereas fingerprints do not. The reason why every fingerprint is unique is that when a baby\u2018s genes combine with environmental influences, such as temperature, it affects the way the ridges on the skin grow. It makes the ridges develop at different rates, buckling and bending into patterns. As a result, no two people end up having the same fingerprints. Even identical twins possess dissimilar fingerprints. <\/span><\/p>

C <\/span>It is not easy to map the journey of how the unique quality of the fingerprint came to be discovered. The moment in history it happened is not entirely clear. However, the use of fingerprinting can be traced back to some ancient civilizations, such as Babylon and China, where thumbprints were pressed onto clay tablets to confirm business transactions. Whether people at this time actually realized the full extent of how fingerprints were important for identification purposes is another matter altogether. One cannot be sure if the act was seen as a means to confirm identity or a symbolic gesture to bind a contract, where giving your fingerprint was like giving your word. <\/span><\/p>

D <\/span>Despite this uncertainty, there are those who made a significant contribution towards the analysis of fingerprinting. History tells us that a 14<\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>century Persian doctor made an early statement that no two fingerprints are alike. Later, in the 17<\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>century, Italian physician Marcello Malpighi studied the distinguishing shapes of loops and spirals in fingerprints. In his honour, the medical world later named a layer of skin after him. It was, however, an employee for the East India Company, William Herschel, who came to see the true potential of fingerprinting. He took fingerprints from the local people as a form of signature for contracts, in order to avoid fraud. His fascination with fingerprints propelled him to study them for the next twenty years. He developed the theory that fingerprints were unique to an individual and did not change at all over a lifetime. In 1880 Henry Faulds suggested that fingerprints could be used to identify convicted criminals. He wrote to Charles Darwin for advice, and the idea was<\/span><\/p>

referred on to Darwin\u2018s cousin, Sir Francis Galton. Galton eventually published an in-depth study of fingerprint science in 1892. <\/span><\/p>

E <\/span>Although the fact that each person has a totally unique fingerprint pattern had been well documented and accepted for a long time, this knowledge was not exploited for criminal identification until the early 20<\/span>th<\/span><\/span> <\/span>century. In the past, branding, tattooing and maiming had been used to mark the criminal for what he was. In some countries, thieves would have their hands cut off. France branded criminals with the fleur-de-lis symbol. The Romans tattooed mercenary soldiers to stop them from becoming deserters. <\/span><\/p>

F <\/span>For many years police agencies in the Western world were reluctant to use fingerprinting, much preferring the popular method of the time, the Bertillon System, where dimensions of certain body parts were recorded to identify a criminal. The turning point was in 1903 when a prisoner by the name of Will West was admitted into Leavenworth Federal Penitentiary. Amazingly, Will had almost the same Bertillon measurements as another prisoner residing at the very same prison, whose name happened to be William West. It was only their fingerprints that could tell them apart. From that point on, fingerprinting became the standard for criminal identification. <\/span><\/p>

Questions 1-5 <\/span><\/p>

The Reading Passage has seven paragraphs, A-F. Choose the correct heading for paragraphs A-F from the list of headings below<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

List of Headings <\/span><\/p>

i <\/span>Key people that made a difference <\/span><\/p>

ii <\/span>An alternative to fingerprinting <\/span><\/p>

iii <\/span>The significance of prints  <\/span><\/p>

iv <\/span>How to identify a criminal <\/span><\/p>

v <\/span>Patterns in the making <\/span><\/p>

vi <\/span>Family connections <\/span><\/p>

vii <\/span>Exciting new developments <\/span><\/p>

viii <\/span>A strange coincidence <\/span><\/p>

ix <\/span>Punishing a criminal  <\/span><\/p>

x <\/span>An uncertain past <\/span><\/p>

0. Paragraph A<\/span> i<\/span>ii<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

1. Paragraph B x <\/span><\/p>

2. Paragraph C i <\/span><\/p>

3. Paragraph D iv <\/span><\/p>

4. Paragraph E viii <\/span><\/p>

5. Paragraph F vi <\/span><\/p>

Questions 6-10: Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading passage? <\/span>Write <\/span><\/p>

TRUE if the statement agrees with the information <\/span><\/p>

FALSE if the statement contradicts the information <\/span><\/p>

NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this <\/span><\/p>

6. Fingerprinting is the only effective method for identifying criminals. f <\/span><\/p>

7. The ridges and patterns that make up fingerprints develop before birth. t <\/span><\/p>

8. Malpighi conducted his studies in Italy. ng <\/span><\/p>

9. Roman soldiers were tattooed to prevent them from committing violent crimes. f<\/span><\/p>

10. Fingerprint chemistry can identify if a fingerprint belongs to an elderly person t <\/span><\/p>

IV. WRITING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Read the following passage and summarize it in about 100 words. <\/span><\/p>

The new music <\/span><\/p>

The new music was built out of materials already in existence: blues, rock\u2018n\u2018roll, folk music. But although the forms remained, something wholly new and original was made out of these older elements more original, perhaps, than even the new musicians themselves yet realize. The transformation took place in 1966-7. Up to that time, the blues had been an essentially black medium. Rock\u2018n\u2018roll, a blues derivative, was rhythmic, raunchy, teen-age dance music. Folk music, old and modern, was popular among college students. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965. In 1966-7 there was a spontaneous transformation. In the United States, it originated with youthful rock groups playing in San Francisco. In England, it was led by the Beatles, who were already established as an extremely fine and highly individual rock group. What happened, as well as it can be put into words, was this. <\/span><\/p>

First, the separate musical traditions were brought together. Bob Dylan and the Jefferson Airplane played folk rock, folk ideas with a rock beat. White rock groups began experimenting with the blues. And all of the groups moved towards a broader eclecticism and synthesis. They freely took over elements from Indian ragas, from jazz, from American country music, and as time went on from even more diverse sources (one group seems recently to have been trying out Gregorian chants). What developed was a protean music. <\/span><\/p>

The second thing that happened was that all the musical groups began using the full range of electric instruments and the technology of electronic amplifiers. The tangy electric guitar was an old country western standby, but the new electronic effects were altogether different – so different that a new listener in 1967 might well feel that there had never been any sounds like that in the world before. In studio recordings, multiple tracking, feedback and other devices made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live. Electronic amplification also made possible a fantastic increase in volume, the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand, and thereby achieving a \u2017total\u2018 effect, so that instead fan audience of passive listeners, there were now audiences of total participants, feeling the music in all of their senses and all of their bones. <\/span><\/p>

Third, the music becomes a multi-media experience; a part of a total environment. In the Bay Area ballrooms, the Fillmore, the Avalon, or Pauley Ballroom at the University of California, the walls were covered with fantastic changing patterns of light, the beginning of the new art of the light show. And the audience did not sit, it danced. With records at home, listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could, and heightened the whole experience by using drugs. Often music was played out of doors, where nature – the sea or tall redwoods – provided the environment. (From The Greening of America by Charles Reich) <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. <\/span>The pie charts below give information main reason for migration to and from the UK in 2007. Summarize the information by selecting and reporting the main features and make comparisons where relevant. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Write an essay of about 350 words on the following topic. <\/span><\/p>

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? <\/span><\/p>

High school students should be allowed to study several selective courses. Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion.<\/span><\/p>\n

<\/span><\/p>

<\/span>PRACTICE TEST 9 <\/span><\/p>

I. LISTENING <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Complete the notes below. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer. <\/span>Agriculture and environment <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>(1)<\/span> p<\/span>roduction = biggest problem in today\u2018s world <\/span>\u2219 <\/span>Agriculture is important for jobs, exports, and foreign exchange. <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>\u2017Agriculture\u2018 means: <\/span><\/p>

\u25aa <\/span>growing crops <\/span><\/p>

\u25aa <\/span>raising animals <\/span><\/p>

\u25aa <\/span>(2)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

\u25aa <\/span>(3)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>Agriculture must be sustainable: old method& new, chemical methods are all unsustainable (4)<\/span> o<\/span>f biodiversity <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>Biotechnology <\/span><\/span>bioprospecting (biopiracy), i.e. large companies steal samples of native  plants to use the (5)<\/span> f<\/span>or their own crop improvement <\/span>\u2219 <\/span>(6)<\/span> i<\/span>s responsible for less food and higher prices. <\/span>\u2219 <\/span>Farmers need to be educated, but governments also need to pay attention to (7) <\/span> i<\/span>n order to protect the environment and re-nourish the soil. <\/span>\u2219 <\/span>Experts from around the world could come together to form a (8)<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>

to observe farm systems aiming to prevent pollution and erosion and encourage safe procedures that are also (9)  <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>Creating the project\u2018s (10)<\/span> w<\/span>ould be very expensive, and more money would be needed for the monitoring system, but it could solve the problem of food shortages. <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Complete the short-answer questions. Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each  answer<\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

When you get a debit card, what advice does the speaker give in relation to the PIN? Don\u2018t <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>use an <\/span>1. <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>tell anyone what your number is. <\/span><\/p>

Who must notify if you lose your card? <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>2.  <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>your bank <\/span><\/p>

Which scams does the speaker tell you to be aware of? <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>Internet scams <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>3.<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>cams <\/span><\/p>

What three kinds of possessions are said to be attractive to thieves in College Hall? <\/span>\u2219 <\/span>Laptops <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>MP3 player <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>4.  <\/span><\/p>

Which car safety devices does the speaker suggest car owners should buy? <\/span><\/p>

\u2219 <\/span>5.<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>ar alarm <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. You will hear part of an interview with Harold Mackenzie, who has written a book about early adolescence. Decide if the following statements are True (T) or False (F) according to what you hear. <\/span><\/p>

1. People now realise pre-teens have economic power. <\/span><\/p>

2. Harold claims friendships are important to pre-teens because friends are starting to replace  family members. <\/span><\/p>

3. Harold suggests that an alternative method of academic evaluation would mean less stress for  pre-teens. <\/span><\/p>

4. Parents can help pre-teens develop confidence by allowing them to control unimportant aspects  of their lives. <\/span><\/p>

5. According to Harold, the greatest challenge facing parents of pre-teens is establishing a way of  communicating effectively with their children. <\/span><\/p>

Part 4<\/span>. <\/span>You will hear an interview with a yoga teacher. Choose the answer (A, B, C or D) which fits  best according to what you hear. <\/span><\/p>

1. The interview<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. tried yoga once but found it impossible to do <\/span><\/p>

B. is finding yoga hard to do but is improving with practice <\/span><\/p>

C. has only a vague idea about yoga D. has quite a good understanding of yoga 2. According to Sarah, _<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. yoga demands control of all aspects of being <\/span><\/p>

B. you need to be highly intelligent to practice yoga <\/span><\/p>

C. you need to empty your mind completely when practicing yoga <\/span><\/p>

D. meditation is like being hypnotized <\/span><\/p>

3. Which of the following does Sarah not say is necessary in order to practise yoga? A. an empty stomach B. comfortable, flexible clothing C. a lot of confidence and a fit body D. a place where you won\u2018t be disturbed 4. The interviewer seems concerned about<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. people paying a lot of money for public classes with unqualified teachers <\/span><\/p>

B. people getting stuck because the teacher is not supervising the class properly C. people buying too many yoga guides D. beginners practising yoga unsupervised 5. Sarah recommends that<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. you take strenuous exercise to help you sleep at night<\/span><\/p>

B. you meditate to deal with insomnia <\/span><\/p>

C. you push your body to its limits even if it hurts at times <\/span><\/p>

D. you do no more than 15 minutes of yoga each day <\/span><\/p>

II. LEXICO-GRAMMAR <\/span><\/p>

Part 1. Choose the best answer. <\/span><\/p>

1. Tommy has always been a conscientious student who passes up his homework on time without  having to be<\/span> <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

A. prompted B. instructed C. provoked D. spurred 2. I can\u2018t advise you on that. You\u2018d better<\/span> i<\/span>t<\/span> w<\/span>ith your mother. <\/span><\/p>

A. take\u2026.in B. take\u2026.off C. take\u2026.out D. take\u2026.up 3. Could you move your car? You\u2018re<\/span> t<\/span>he way of the entrance. <\/span><\/p>

A. on B. in C. at D. to 4. The teacher tried to<\/span> o<\/span>ur confusion about the meaning of the difficult paragraph in the reading. A. make out B. clear up C. catch on D. cut up 5. <\/span>My car<\/span> <\/span>u<\/span>p, so I am late for work. <\/span><\/p>

A. up B. out C. up for D. to 6. He\u2018s regarded as<\/span> _<\/span> favorite to win the prize. <\/span><\/p>

A. warm B. hot C. ardent D. fiery 7. I know you have been working very hard today. Let\u2018s<\/span> a<\/span>nd go home. <\/span><\/p>

A. pull my leg B. call it a day C. put your back up D. pull your finger out 8. <\/span>\u2015<\/span>I know that you have an appointment in ten minutes, <\/span>so <\/span>I shall not _<\/span> y<\/span>ou long<\/span>\u2016<\/span>, the professor remarked. <\/span><\/p>

A. retard B. withhold C. postpone D. detain 9. Does Mr. Ba bring his farm<\/span> t<\/span>o the local market every day? <\/span><\/p>

A. productivity B. product C. production D. produce 10. The recent economic crisis has brought about a<\/span> i<\/span>n the world trade. <\/span><\/p>

A. slump B. sag C. droop D. tilt <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Use the word given in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a new word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0).<\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

Blogging and the media <\/span><\/p>

The growing number of weblogs – or blogs, as they are <\/span>(0) <\/span> A<\/span>FFECTIONATELY<\/span> <\/span>k<\/span>nown – on the Internet has become a cause for concern among mainstream media organisations. Within a few years, blogs have developed from personal musings on <\/span>(1)<\/span> <\/span>events to full-blown critical commentaries which are often well-informed and <\/span>(2)<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>xpressed. With an estimated fifty-two million bloggers writing on almost every <\/span>(3) <\/span> <\/span>subject each day, corporate media can no longer ignore them or treat them with <\/span>(4) <\/span>. The ubiquity of blogs that they are increasingly <\/span>(5) <\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>s can be seen in the number of news stories that have been <\/span>(6)  <\/span><\/p>

or called into question by bloggers in recent years. <\/span><\/p>

For bloggers have a freedom unavailable to mainstream journalists. They bypass both editor and publisher, who by their very presence <\/span>(7)<\/span> <\/span>d<\/span>istort stories by \u2017tailoring\u2018 them to suit their own ends. The material on blogs is raw, <\/span><\/p>

(8) <\/span>by editors, and often harsh and direct in its criticism of the way news is reported by the media. The advantages of this for the reading public<\/span><\/p><\/td>

AFFECTION <\/span><\/p>

DAY  <\/span><\/p>

ELOQUENCE <\/span><\/p>

CONCEIVE  <\/span><\/p>

RESPECT  <\/span><\/p>

INFLUENCE  <\/span><\/p>

CREDIT <\/span><\/p>

INEVITABLE <\/span><\/p>

MODIFY<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Practice tests for the national examination for the Compiler: Ng\u00f4 Minh  <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

giftedCh\u00e2u<\/span><\/span>are obvious. Bloggers act as a kind of media watchdog, able to check facts and verify or <\/span>(9)<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span>nformation in a way that journalists are often unable to,  and this is shaking mainstream media out of its <\/span>(10)<\/span> <\/span>.<\/span><\/p><\/td>

PROOF  <\/span><\/p>

COMPLACENT<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 3. Read the text which contains 10 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and write the correction. <\/span><\/p>

<\/colgroup>

Line<\/span><\/p><\/td>


<\/td><\/tr>

1. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

First come the PC, then the internet and e-mail; now the e-book is<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

2. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

upon us, a hand-held device similarly in size and appearance to a video<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

3. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

cassette. The user simply rings off the website on their PC, selects<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

4. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

the desired books, downloads them onto their e-book machine and<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

5. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

sits down to read them. For turning a page, the user simply taps the<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

6. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

screen. E-book technology is evolving rapidly, and with some of<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

7. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

the newest handholds you will even get internet access.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

8. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

But why would one want an e-book machine with reference to a book?<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

9. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

Well, one selling point companies emphasized, when these devices<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

10. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

hit the market a few years ago, which is the space they save when going<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

11. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

on holiday. E-books enlighten the load, literally. Ten large novels can<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

12. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

be put onto a device that weighs less than the average paperback. One<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

13. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

can understand why commercial interests seem to want us to change.<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

14. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

After all, the whole production process at first plan by author<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

15. <\/span><\/p><\/td>

until delivery to the printer had been doing electronically for a while<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr>

16 <\/span><\/p><\/td>

now, so why not save a few million trees and cut out the hard copy?<\/span><\/p><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/div>



<\/b><\/p>

Part 4. Fill in the gaps of the following sentences with suitable particles or prepositions. (0) has been  done as an example. <\/span><\/p>

1. When she came<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>ound<\/span> <\/span>,<\/span> she found herself in a hospital. <\/span><\/p>

2. I admired the way she soldiered<\/span> on w<\/span>hen her business ran into trouble. 3. The airlines are phasing<\/span> out a<\/span>ny aircraft that is more than 20 years old. 4. She\u2018s rung<\/span> off_<\/span>. I must have said something to upset her. <\/span><\/p>

5. Our class monitor had a brilliant speech yesterday although he spoke<\/span> t<\/span>he cuff then. 6. He managed to scrape<\/span> h<\/span>is final exams. <\/span><\/p>

7. His parents really laid<\/span> h<\/span>im for wasting so much money. <\/span><\/p>

8. He is always harping _<\/span> a<\/span>bout the war. <\/span><\/p>

9. That smell always conjures<\/span> m<\/span>emories of holidays in France. <\/span><\/p>

10. Her thoughts flashed _<\/span> t<\/span>o their wedding day. 11. He pulled<\/span> _<\/span> at the traffic lights. <\/span><\/p>

III. READING <\/span><\/p>

I. Read the following passage and decide which answer (A, B, C, or D) best fits each gap. <\/span>EARLY MAP-MAKING <\/span><\/p>

Satellite navigation in cars means that our traditional <\/span>(1)<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>n printed maps and road atlases for finding our way to a destination is disappearing. Yet as <\/span>(2)<\/span> <\/span>of beauty to look at for both pleasure and serious research, maps, ancient and modern, still <\/span>(3)<\/span> <\/span>strongly to our imaginations as they are the result of amazingly <\/span>(4)<\/span> <\/span>observation of the real world. After the invention of the printing press in the fifteenth century, maps could be reproduced in greater numbers, and as mathematics and technology transformed surveying and navigation, their accuracy steadily improved.<\/span><\/p>

72 <\/span><\/p>

Practice tests for the national examination for the  <\/span><\/p>

Compiler: Ng\u00f4 Minh  <\/span><\/p>

gifted <\/span><\/p>

Ch\u00e2u <\/span><\/p>

Today, it is the inaccuracies in these early maps that we find so fascinating. The map-maker would fill in the huge gaps in his knowledge with guesswork. Dull <\/span>(5)<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>f ocean, for example, would be <\/span>(6)<\/span> <\/span>with drawings of fantastic sea creatures or plump babies with puffed-out cheeks blowing along ships in full <\/span>(7) <\/span>. <\/span><\/p>

The world\u2018s first modern atlas appeared in Antwerp in 1570, after a geographer named Abraham Ortelius <\/span>(8)<\/span> <\/span>engravings of 53 of the best maps (<\/span>9)<\/span> <\/span>at that time and organized them in a logical sequence in a book. This atlas reflected the limits of contemporary knowledge by showing Australia as an uncharted southern continent labelled \u2017not yet known southern land\u2018. Over the next 40 years, this atlas was regularly <\/span>(10)<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>nd more than 7,300 copies were printed. <\/span><\/p>

1. A. necessity B. reliance C. demand D. requirement 2. A. cases B. articles C. objects D. pieces 3. A. appeal B. engage C. interest D. attract 4. A. complex B. involved C. elaborate D. detailed 5. A. spreads B. breadths C. ranges D. expanses 6. A. revived B. enlivened C. invigorated D. enlightened 7. A. force B. length C. flow D. sail 8. A. appointed B. commissioned C. engaged D. assigned 9. A. in existence B. at large C. in stock D. at present 10. A. renovated B. updated C. modernized D. renewed <\/span><\/p>

Part 2. Use only one word in each gap. <\/span><\/p>

THE CHANGING ENGLISH LANGUAGE <\/span><\/p>

All languages change (0)<\/span> o<\/span>ver<\/span> <\/span>a period of time, for reasons which are imperfectly understood. Speech is really so integral a (1)<\/span> o<\/span>f human activity that it cannot be regarded as an entity (2)<\/span> i<\/span>tself. For this (3)<\/span> <\/span>, it is more exact to say that each generation behaves linguistically in a slightly different manner from its predecessors. <\/span><\/p>

Young people are impatient of what they often consider to be the stilled vocabulary and pronunciation of their elders, and like to show how up-to-date they are using the latest slang. (4) <\/span> <\/span>, as the years go by, some of that slang becomes standard usage. In any case, people slowly grow far (5)<\/span> r<\/span>eceptive to linguistic novelties so that that by the time they reach their forties, they decry the slovenly speech of the younger generation. <\/span><\/p>

In the respect, language is a little (6)<\/span> f<\/span>ashions in dress. The formal clothes of one generation become the everyday wear of the (7)<\/span> <\/span>. Similarly, just as many young doctors and office workers (8)<\/span> o<\/span>ut their duties in casual clothes, so expressions which were once confined (9)<\/span> _<\/span> slang and familiar conversation are (10) _<\/span> i<\/span>nto their normal vocabulary. <\/span><\/p>

Part 3. Read the following passage and choose the best answer. <\/span><\/p>

While many nineteenth\u2013century reformers hoped to bring about reform through education or by eliminating specific social evils, some thinkers wanted to start over and remark society by founding ideal, cooperative communities. The United States seemed to them a spacious and unencumbered country where models of a perfect society could succeed. These communitarian thinkers hoped their success would lead to imitation, until communities free of crime, poverty, and other social ills would cover the land. A number of religious groups, notably the Shakers, practiced communal living, but the main <\/span>impetus <\/span>to found model communities came from nonreligious, rationalistic thinkers. <\/span><\/p>

Among the communitarian philosophers, three of the most influential were Robert Owen, Charles Fourier, and John Humphrey Noyes. Owen, famous for his humanitarian policies as owner of several<\/span><\/p>

<\/span><\/p>

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